CN113091515A - 一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113091515A
CN113091515A CN202110347598.1A CN202110347598A CN113091515A CN 113091515 A CN113091515 A CN 113091515A CN 202110347598 A CN202110347598 A CN 202110347598A CN 113091515 A CN113091515 A CN 113091515A
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刘文辉
丁学锋
唐昌平
岳小明
陈宇强
刘筱
宋宇峰
黄浩
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B47/00Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
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    • B32B3/06Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B21B2001/386Plates

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法。所述叠层装甲铝合金由背板、中间板和面板经挤压组合和轧制而成,所述叠层装甲铝合金具有组元互锁的空间界面,且轧向具有筋结构。制备方法包括以下步骤:1)将背板、中间板、面板铸锭分别挤压成带有“上宽下窄”型腔的预制坯料、具有“几”字形结构的预制坯料和具有“上宽下窄”筋结构的预制坯料;2)对预制坯料进行表面处理;3)将面板、中间板、背板挤压组合;4)对组合坯料进行轧制复合;5)固溶与时效处理;所得叠层装甲铝合金组元之间界面互锁增加界面结合强度,可防止层间开裂;筋结构增加了板材的强度、刚度和抗弹性能;制备方法操作方便,利于工业化生产。

Description

一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属复合材料的制备加工技术领域,具体涉及一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代战争的发展,装甲车辆在未来作战中将会遭受全方位更加致命的攻击,对装甲材料防护和生存能力提出了新的、更高的要求。装甲车辆防护材料要求具有加工性能好、轻量化、抗冲击性能好、焊接性能优异、耐腐蚀性能好等优点。均质装甲很难同时对各种反装甲武器都有效,增加均质装甲厚度虽然可以提高其防护能力,但同时会增加装甲车辆的质量,车辆的灵活性下降。为了进一步提高装甲车辆的抗弹性能,同时防护不同的反装甲武器,利用不同性能的材料制成复合装甲材料成为装甲材料开发的主要方向。复合装甲的性能具有可设计性,即在一定范围内可设计结构和材料,可以根据作战环境及使用部位的不同设计出一系列不同性能、不同质量与厚度的装甲,如:研究表明具有加强筋结构的材料抗弹性能远高于无加强筋结构的抗弹性能。现在的层状复合装甲包括多层铝合金装甲、钛/铝多层复合装甲、钢/铝复合装甲等,虽然层状复合装甲具有一系列的优点,但存在制造技术复杂、成本高、层间结合力差、易开裂等缺点,而且传统方法制备的叠层铝合金界面为平面,组元界面之间结合强度提高受到很大限制,容易出现层间开裂。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法。本发明突破传统叠层铝合金材料只在厚度方向具有结构梯度、界面为平面的局限,提供一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金及其制备方法,通过设计具有“互锁界面/筋加强”空间结构的叠层铝合金,采用先挤压再轧制复合成形,制备高界面结合强度和高抗弹性能的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金。
本发明的一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,所述叠层装甲铝合金由背板、中间板和面板先挤压再轧制复合而成,所述叠层装甲铝合金具有组元互锁的空间界面,可提高叠层装甲铝合金的界面强度;所述叠层装甲铝合金的轧向具有筋结构,从而能够提高板材强度、刚度和抗弹性能。
进一步地,所述面板具有“上宽下窄”的筋结构,所述背板具有“上宽下窄”的型腔,所述中间板具有“几”字结构;所述筋结构的外形尺寸略大于“几”字结构的内腔尺寸,所述“几”字结构的外形尺寸略大于背板型腔的尺寸。
进一步地,所述面板的材质为高强度7055铝合金或7A62铝合金,所述中间板的材质为1系纯铝或7A01铝合金,所述背板的材质为7N01铝合金或7A52铝合金。
上述“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将背板铸锭挤压成带有“上宽下窄”型腔的背板预制坯料,将中间层铸锭挤压成具有“几”字形结构的中间板预制坯料,将面板铸锭挤压成具有“上宽下窄”筋结构的面板预制坯料;所述筋结构的外形尺寸略大于“几”字结构的内腔尺寸,所述“几”字结构的外形尺寸略大于背板型腔的尺寸;
(2)对预制坯料进行表面处理:对预制坯料面板、中间板、背板分别用NaOH溶液碱洗3~10分钟,热水冲洗后再用HNO3溶液酸洗3~10分钟,冷水冲洗后再用热风吹干,最后用钢丝刷对界面进行打磨,分别得到面板预制坯料、中间板预制坯料、背板预制坯料;
(3)将步骤(2)所得面板预制坯料、中间板预制坯料、背板预制坯料挤压组合,使面板的筋结构挤入中间板的“几”字结构、中间板的“几”字结构挤入背板的型腔内,筋结构、“几”字结构、型腔相互紧密结合,得到组合坯料;
(4)对步骤(3)所得组合坯料以20%-50%轧制压下量进行轧制复合,将板材轧制需要尺寸;
(5)固溶与时效处理,获得“界面互锁/筋加强”的叠层装甲铝合金。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,背板铸锭、中间层铸锭和面板铸锭分别通过背板挤压模、中间板挤压模和面板挤压模挤压得到对应的预制坯料。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述面板铸锭的材质为高强度7055铝合金或7A62铝合金,所述中间层铸锭的材质为1系纯铝或7A01铝合金,所述背板铸锭的材质为7N01铝合金或7A52铝合金。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述NaOH溶液的质量分数为6~15%;所述HNO3溶液的质量分数为6~15%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,可以根据需要设计叠层铝合金的空间结构,提高叠层铝合金的综合性能,也可用于其他金属复合材料的制备;
2、本发明的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,组元材料界面互锁,使叠层铝合金界面强度与背板材料强度相当,能够显著提高界面结合强度。
3、本发明的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,轧向具有提高板材强度、刚度和抗弹性能的筋结构,挤压制备的筋的变形大于基体,在加工硬化、细晶强化和后续析出强化共同作用下,筋的强度高于基体,提高叠层装甲铝合金的抗弹性能。
4、本发明的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,具有制备技术简单,易于实现工程化等特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的空间结构及挤压轧制复合成形示意图。其中,1.背板挤压模;2.中间板挤压模;3.面板挤压模;4.背板预制坯料;5.中间板预制坯料;6.面板预制坯料。
图2为实施例1制备的叠层铝合金A区域附近互锁界面的微观组织照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明并不限于此。
实施例1
如图1所示,本发明“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将7A52铝合金铸锭通过背板挤压模1挤压成带有“上宽下窄”型腔的背板预制坯料4,中间层7A01铝合金铸锭通中间板挤压模2过挤压成具有“几”字形结构的中间板预制坯料5,将7A62铝合金铸锭通过面板挤压模挤压成具有“上宽下窄”筋结构的面板预制坯料6;面板预制坯料6筋结构的外形尺寸略大于中间板预制坯料5“几”字结构的内腔尺寸,中间板预制坯料5“几”字结构的外形尺寸略大于背板预制坯料4型腔的尺寸;
(2)对背板预制坯料4、中间板预制坯料5、面板预制坯料6进行表面处理:用10wt%的NaOH溶液碱洗5分钟,热水冲洗,再用10wt%的HNO3酸洗5分钟,冷水冲洗,再用热风吹干,最后用钢丝刷对界面进行打磨;
(3)将面板预制坯料6、中间板预制坯料5、背板预制坯料4挤压组合,面板预制坯料6的筋结构挤入中间板预制坯料5的“几”字结构、中间板预制坯料5的“几”字结构挤入背板预制坯料4的型腔内,筋结构、“几”字结构、型腔相互紧密结合;
(4)叠层铝合金轧制前进行420℃/2h的保温处理,首道次压下量为30%,然后轧制需要尺寸;(5)对叠层铝合金进行470℃/2h的固溶处理与120℃/24h的时效处理。
图2为制备的叠层铝合金A区域附近互锁界面的微观组织照片。从图中可以看出组元1和组元2的界面为互锁的空间结构,突破了传统叠层铝合金材料界面为平面的局限,大幅提升叠层材料的界面强度。

Claims (7)

1.一种“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,其特征在于,所述叠层装甲铝合金由背板、中间板和面板先挤压再轧制复合而成,所述叠层装甲铝合金具有组元互锁的空间界面;所述叠层装甲铝合金的轧向具有筋结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,其特征在于,所述面板具有“上宽下窄”的筋结构,所述背板具有“上宽下窄”的型腔,所述中间板具有“几”字结构;所述筋结构的外形尺寸略大于“几”字结构的内腔尺寸,所述“几”字结构的外形尺寸略大于背板型腔的尺寸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金,其特征在于,所述面板的材质为高强度7055铝合金或7A62铝合金,所述中间板的材质为1系纯铝或7A01铝合金,所述背板的材质为7N01铝合金或7A52铝合金。
4.权利要求1至3任一项所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将背板铸锭挤压成带有“上宽下窄”型腔的背板预制坯料,将中间层铸锭挤压成具有“几”字形结构的中间板预制坯料,将面板铸锭挤压成具有“上宽下窄”筋结构的面板预制坯料;所述筋结构的外形尺寸略大于“几”字结构的内腔尺寸,所述“几”字结构的外形尺寸略大于背板型腔的尺寸;
(2)对预制坯料进行表面处理:对预制坯料面板、中间板、背板分别用NaOH溶液碱洗3~10分钟,热水冲洗后再用HNO3溶液酸洗3~10分钟,冷水冲洗后再用热风吹干,最后用钢丝刷对界面进行打磨,分别得到面板预制坯料、中间板预制坯料、背板预制坯料;
(3)将步骤(2)所得面板预制坯料、中间板预制坯料、背板预制坯料挤压组合,使面板的筋结构挤入中间板的“几”字结构、中间板的“几”字结构挤入背板的型腔内,筋结构、“几”字结构、型腔相互紧密结合,得到组合坯料;
(4)对步骤(3)所得组合坯料以20%-50%轧制压下量进行轧制复合,将板材轧制需要尺寸;
(5)固溶与时效处理,获得“界面互锁/筋加强”的叠层装甲铝合金。
5.根据权利要求4所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,背板铸锭、中间层铸锭和面板铸锭分别通过背板挤压模、中间板挤压模和面板挤压模挤压得到对应的预制坯料。
6.根据权利要求4所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述面板铸锭的材质为高强度7055铝合金或7A62铝合金,所述中间层铸锭的材质为1系纯铝或7A01铝合金,所述背板铸锭的材质为7N01铝合金或7A52铝合金。
7.根据权利要求4所述的“界面互锁/筋加强”叠层装甲铝合金的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述NaOH溶液的质量分数为6~15%;所述HNO3溶液的质量分数为6~15%。
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