CN113090362B - Urea supersonic jet ejector structure and engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system - Google Patents
Urea supersonic jet ejector structure and engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113090362B CN113090362B CN202110460484.8A CN202110460484A CN113090362B CN 113090362 B CN113090362 B CN 113090362B CN 202110460484 A CN202110460484 A CN 202110460484A CN 113090362 B CN113090362 B CN 113090362B
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 273
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 272
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229940090046 jet injector Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical class O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 69
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 43
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a urea supersonic jet ejector structure and an engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system, which comprises the following components: a primary injection mechanism for metering and injecting urea; a secondary injection mechanism for atomizing the metered urea; a closed mixing cavity is constructed between the first-stage injection mechanism and the second-stage injection mechanism, and the mixing cavity is arranged to be capable of additionally introducing fluid to be mixed with injected urea to form mixed fluid, and the mixed fluid is immediately injected by the second-stage injection mechanism. The system of the invention is composed of the structure, can atomize urea into liquid drops with very small particle size under low pressure, and can reduce the output pressure of a urea pump in application, thereby reducing the system cost and improving the system reliability, simultaneously shortening the urea gasification stroke, reducing the crystallization of urea on an exhaust pipe, reducing the unreacted urea emission of the system, improving the conversion efficiency of a catalyst and solving the problem of low conversion rate of NOx and nitrogen oxide compounds caused by difficult urea atomization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, in particular to a urea supersonic jet ejector structure and an engine SCR exhaust gas emission aftertreatment system.
Background
The implementation of state six puts higher demands on the treatment effect of the engine exhaust gas treatment system.
In the engine tail gas treatment system, engine tail gas is discharged into an exhaust pipe, a urea pump provides urea solution, an electric control unit controls an injection mechanism to mix metered urea and gas to form mixed fluid based on signals such as a sensor and engine working conditions, the mixed fluid is sprayed and atomized and injected into the exhaust pipe, the urea is decomposed into ammonia at high temperature, the ammonia and the tail gas are fully mixed and then enter a catalyst together for catalytic reduction reaction, and finally NOx compounds in the tail gas are reduced into nitrogen and water to be discharged.
The NOx compounds in the tail gas dynamically change in real time, the urea corresponding to the metering changes dynamically, and after an injection signal is sent out, the higher the injection speed of an injection mechanism is, the higher the response speed is, the lower the time delay is, and the better the tail gas treatment effect is.
However, in the existing engine exhaust gas treatment system, the travel of urea from mixing with gas to injection is very large, and the delayed injection is very serious, thus affecting the exhaust gas treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
The invention further aims to provide a urea supersonic jet injector structure which consists of a urea injector and an atomization injector, wherein the urea supersonic jet injector structure is provided with a mixing cavity for mixing urea and air flow in a coarse mode, meanwhile, the atomization injector utilizes ultrasonic waves or a pipeline structure which is contracted and expanded firstly to promote urea atomization, urea can be atomized into liquid drops with very small particle size under a low-pressure output condition, the tail gas treatment effect is improved, and the urea injection response speed and the urea injection accuracy are improved.
Another object of the present invention is a back pressure regulating structure capable of stabilizing the back pressure of the urea solution supply side and the compressed gas supply side.
The invention further aims to provide a novel SCR tail gas aftertreatment system formed by the urea solution supply system, the compressed gas supply system, the electric control unit, the catalyst and the urea supersonic jet injector, urea is atomized into droplets with small particle size under low pressure, the system cost is reduced, the system reliability is improved, the urea gasification stroke is shortened, the crystallization of urea on an exhaust pipe is reduced, the unreacted urea emission of the system is reduced, and the catalyst conversion efficiency is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a urea supersonic jet injector structure comprising:
a primary injection mechanism for metering and injecting urea;
a secondary injection mechanism for atomizing the metered urea;
a closed mixing cavity is constructed between the first-stage injection mechanism and the second-stage injection mechanism, and the mixing cavity is arranged to be capable of additionally introducing fluid to be mixed with urea injected by the first-stage injection mechanism to form mixed fluid, and then the mixed fluid is directly injected by the second-stage injection mechanism.
According to the technical scheme, the urea spraying mechanism is designed to solve the problems of overlong urea spraying stroke and poor urea spraying effect of the spraying mechanism in the prior art, the first-stage spraying mechanism for urea metering and the second-stage spraying mechanism for spraying metered urea are designed, the metered urea is firstly sprayed into the mixing cavity to be mixed with fluid to form primary atomization, and then sprayed into external environments such as an exhaust pipe and the like through the second-stage spraying mechanism to form secondary atomization, so that the urea metering is accurate, and the atomization effect is good; meanwhile, the mixing cavity can be filled with fluid to be mixed with urea, so that the mixed fluid is directly sprayed out by the secondary mechanism, the atomization effect is good, the spraying stroke of urea is shortened, the metered urea is quickly sprayed and combined with tail gas, the response speed is improved, and the tail gas treatment effect is better.
Preferably, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the distance between the end face of the injection port of the primary injection mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is-50 mm.
In the technical scheme, the distance between the injection port and the inlet is extremely short, injected metering urea immediately enters the secondary injection mechanism after being atomized for a short time and is injected by the secondary injection mechanism, and the process is very rapid, so that the injection corresponding speed is effectively improved, and the structural response time of the urea supersonic jet injector is less than 1ms.
Preferably, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the arrangement mode of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism is as follows: coaxially or axially parallel or axially crossed or axially spatially crossed.
In the above technical solution, the specific arrangement modes of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism may be set according to the needs, such as the size and shape of the installation space, the installation position, and the like, as long as the closed mixing cavity can be constructed and formed. The preferred arrangement is a coaxial arrangement or a crossed axis arrangement, the angle of intersection being set as required.
Preferably, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the secondary injection mechanism comprises:
a: atomizing by at least one section of the conduit structure which contracts and expands to accelerate the ejection of the fluid: or (b)
B: forcing the fluid to atomize by the ultrasonic reaction unit; or (b)
A and B.
In the prior art, the output pressure of the urea pump is very high, and under the high-pressure condition, the parts of the engine tail gas treatment system bear very high pressure, so that the reliability is greatly reduced; and to match such high pressure conditions, engine exhaust treatment systems often require intensive treatment, undoubtedly increasing production costs.
Above-mentioned technical scheme utilizes the one-level injection mechanism with urea accurate measurement and is used for combining the second grade injection mechanism that will measure urea atomizing, can guarantee that urea measurement is accurate simultaneously atomization effect good, like this under lower backpressure condition, injection mechanism still can receive ideal atomization effect, solves a series of problems that the prior art simply utilizes high pressure to improve atomization effect production.
Preferably, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the pressure of additionally introducing the fluid into the mixing cavity or the ratio of the diameters of the contraction and expansion of the first-contraction and later-expansion pipeline structure or the number of the first-contraction and later-expansion pipeline structure or the combination of the three is controlled so that the fluid sprayed by the secondary injection mechanism reaches supersonic speed or nearly supersonic speed.
In the technical scheme, the purpose of improving the fluid injection speed is achieved by utilizing the input pressure or the pipe diameter expansion diameter ratio or the number of expansion pipes, supersonic urea mixture jet flows into the external tail gas air, huge speed difference and pressure difference are formed between the supersonic urea mixture jet and the external tail gas air, high-speed gas can form shearing force on the surface of liquid, the liquid can be broken and decomposed into countless small liquid drops, finally spray with very small particle size is formed, a very well atomized urea solution can be rapidly decomposed into ammonia gas in an exhaust pipe, meanwhile, the ammonia gas and the tail gas are mixed more fully, and the NOx nitrogen oxide conversion rate of the tail gas is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the urea supersonic jet injector further comprises a pressure regulating unit connected to the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism and the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity, wherein the pressure regulating unit is used for stabilizing the pressure of the introduced urea and the pressure of the introduced fluid respectively;
wherein:
the pressure regulating unit is a single pressure regulating valve, and the pressure regulating valve balances the pressure of the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism by using the pressure of the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity so as to form a structure for stabilizing back pressure regulation;
or the pressure regulating unit is a plurality of pressure regulating valves for respectively regulating the pressure of the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity and the pressure of the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism.
According to the technical scheme, the pressure regulating valve is arranged at the urea input end and the fluid input end, the pressure regulating valve builds stable back pressure of the urea input end and the fluid input end, so that the primary injection mechanism can accurately meter urea, and the secondary injection mechanism can spray the metered urea at a high speed under the condition that the mixing cavity is kept at a stable pressure, and the atomization effect is improved.
An engine SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising:
at least one of said urea supersonic jet injector structures;
a urea solution supply system that feeds urea to the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a compressed gas supply system that delivers fluid to a mixing chamber of the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a catalyst which provides a reaction space for the exhaust gas and the fluid injected by the urea supersonic jet injector structure.
According to the technical scheme, urea can be atomized into liquid drops with very small particle size under low pressure, and the output pressure of a urea pump can be reduced in application, so that the system cost is reduced, the system reliability is improved, the urea gasification stroke is shortened, the crystallization of urea on an exhaust pipe is reduced, the unreacted urea emission of the system is reduced, the conversion efficiency of a catalyst is improved, the problem that the conversion rate of NOx and nitrogen oxide compounds is low due to difficult urea atomization is solved, and the system provides a brand new reliable technical thought and solution for meeting severe emission regulations.
Preferably, in the system for treating the exhaust emission of the SCR tail gas of the engine, the system further comprises an electric control unit electrically connected with the urea supersonic jet injector structure, and the electric control unit receives and controls the urea injection quantity of the primary injection mechanism according to the operation condition signal of the diesel engine.
Preferably, in the system for post-treatment of exhaust emission of SCR of engine, the pressure regulating unit in the structure of supersonic jet injector for urea is a single pressure regulating valve, the pressure regulating valve is connected to the fluid inlet end of the mixing chamber and the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism, and the pressure regulating valve is arranged to balance the pressure of the fluid inlet end by using the pressure of the fluid inlet end.
Preferably, in the engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system, the pressure of the fluid additionally introduced into the mixing cavity of the urea supersonic jet injector structure or the ratio of the diameters of the shrinkage and expansion of the pipe structure or the number of the pipe structure or the combination of the three of the pipe structure is controlled so that the fluid sprayed by the secondary injection mechanism reaches supersonic speed or near supersonic speed.
The purpose of improving the fluid injection speed is achieved by utilizing the input pressure or the pipe diameter expansion diameter ratio or the number of expansion pipes, supersonic urea mixture jet flows into the external tail gas air, huge speed difference and pressure difference are formed between the supersonic urea mixture jet and the external tail gas air, high-speed gas can form shearing force on the surface of liquid, the liquid can be broken and decomposed into numerous small liquid drops, finally spray with very small particle size is formed, atomized urea solution can be rapidly decomposed into ammonia gas in an exhaust pipe, meanwhile, the urea solution is mixed with the tail gas more fully, and the NOx and oxynitride conversion rate of the tail gas is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the engine SCR exhaust gas after-treatment system, the pressure regulating unit is connected to a urea solution supply system, so as to discharge the urea solution overflowed by pressure regulation back.
The method for treating the exhaust emission of the SCR of the engine comprises the following steps:
the urea solution with stable pressure is metered by a first-stage injection mechanism and then injected into a mixing cavity;
introducing air flow into the mixing cavity and establishing certain pressure;
accelerating spraying and/or applying ultrasonic wave action to the mixed fluid in the mixing cavity to form spray through a secondary spraying mechanism;
mixing and reacting the spray with tail gas generated by an engine;
the mixing cavity is constructed in a mode that the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are connected coaxially or are not connected coaxially, so that the volume of the mixing cavity and the urea solution stroke are reduced, and the metered urea solution is rapidly sprayed out and mixed with tail gas.
Or the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are coaxially arranged, axially parallel arranged, axially crossed or axially spatially crossed, and the distance between the end face of the injection orifice of the primary injection mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is limited to be-50 mm, so that the urea solution stroke is shortened, and the metered urea is quickly injected and mixed with tail gas.
In the technical scheme, the urea solution with stable pressure can be accurately metered by the primary injection mechanism, primary atomization is formed after the metered urea is injected into the mixing cavity, and then the urea is injected from the secondary injection mechanism under a certain pressure, so that a better atomization effect is achieved; meanwhile, the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are in butt joint, so that the mixing cavity is very small, the urea and the air flow are rapidly injected by the secondary injection mechanism to be mixed with the tail gas after being mixed, the response speed is improved, and the tail gas treatment effect is good.
The distance between the jet orifice and the inlet of the primary jet mechanism and the secondary jet mechanism is extremely short, the jet is correspondingly quick, the response time can reach below 1ms, and the effect is good.
Furthermore, by arranging a venturi structure pipeline in the secondary injection mechanism, the mixed fluid is sprayed out at supersonic speed, and the atomization effect is improved.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs a primary injection mechanism for measuring urea and a secondary injection mechanism for atomizing the measured urea, which are designed for solving the problems of overlong urea injection stroke and poor urea atomization effect of the injection mechanism in the prior art, wherein the measured urea is firstly injected into a mixing cavity to be mixed with fluid to form primary atomization, and then is sprayed into external environments such as an exhaust pipe and the like through the secondary injection mechanism to form secondary atomization, so that the urea is accurately measured and has good atomization effect; meanwhile, the mixing cavity is limited to be capable of being filled with fluid to be mixed with urea, and the urea is immediately sprayed out by the secondary mechanism, so that the spraying stroke of the urea is shortened, the metered urea is quickly sprayed and combined with the tail gas, the response speed is improved, and the tail gas treatment effect is better. The invention combines the primary injection mechanism for accurately metering urea with the secondary injection mechanism for atomizing the metered urea, can ensure accurate urea metering and good atomization effect, so that the injection mechanism can still receive ideal atomization effect under the condition of lower back pressure, and solves a series of problems generated by simply utilizing high pressure to improve the atomization effect in the prior art.
The system can atomize urea into liquid drops with very small particle size under low pressure, can reduce the output pressure of a urea pump in application, thereby reducing the cost of the system and improving the reliability of the system, simultaneously shortening the gasification stroke of the urea, reducing the crystallization of the urea on an exhaust pipe, reducing the unreacted urea emission of the system, improving the conversion efficiency of a catalyst, solving the problem of low conversion rate of NOx and nitrogen oxide compounds caused by difficult urea atomization, and providing a brand new reliable technical idea and solution for meeting severe emission regulations.
The invention provides a concept of forming a narrow mixing cavity by utilizing a primary injection mechanism and a secondary injection mechanism, and improving atomization effect and injection response speed.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a urea supersonic jet injector according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system according to the present disclosure:
fig. 3 to 9 are illustrations of arrangement of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism according to the present invention.
In the figure: the engine 1, the urea tank 2, the filter screen 3, the urea pump 4, the pressure regulating valve 5, the compressed air supply tank 6, the air switching valve 7, the electric control unit 8, the urea injector 9, the atomization injector 10, the injector cooling water jacket 11, the catalyst 12, the exhaust pipe 13, the air delivery pipe 14, the urea delivery pipe 15, the urea injector circuit 16, the atomization injector circuit 17, the air switching valve driving circuit 18, the urea pump driving circuit 19, the urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20, the mixing cavity 201, the primary injection mechanism 202, the secondary injection mechanism 203, the inlet 204 of the primary injection mechanism, the outlet 205 of the secondary injection mechanism, the urea input end 206, the fluid inlet 207, the pressure regulating unit 208, the fluid input end 209, the overflow ports 2010, the injection port of the 2021 primary injection mechanism, the inlet of the 2031 secondary injection mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a urea supersonic jet injector configuration of the invention comprising:
a primary injection mechanism 202 for metering and injecting urea;
a secondary injection mechanism 203 for atomizing the metered urea;
a sealed mixing cavity 201 is constructed between the primary injection mechanism 202 and the secondary injection mechanism 203, and the mixing cavity 201 is configured to allow additional inlet fluid to be mixed with urea injected by the primary injection mechanism to form mixed fluid, and then the mixed fluid is directly injected by the secondary injection mechanism.
In order to realize that the mixing chamber can be filled with fluid, the mixing chamber is generally provided with a fluid inlet 207, the function of the mixing chamber is mainly to provide space for mixing the urea and the fluid, so that on the premise of ensuring mixing, the injection port of the primary injection mechanism and the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism are as close as possible, while the shape and structure of the mixing chamber 201 can be set according to requirements, such as a flat structure, a long and narrow structure and a multi-stage ladder structure, fig. 1 shows an implementation structure in which the injection port of the primary injection mechanism 202 and the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism 203 are coaxially butted, while the mixing chamber 201 is formed at the butted position, and of course, the shape of the mixing chamber is changed randomly on the premise of ensuring the butted structure of the injection port of the primary injection mechanism 202 and the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism 203. FIGS. 3-9 illustrate alternative arrangements of the primary and secondary injection mechanisms of the present disclosure, with the axial vertical crossover arrangement in FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is an axial cross but not vertical angular setting; FIG. 5 is an axial spatially perpendicular; FIG. 6 is an axial parallel; FIG. 7 is axially parallel but in opposite directions; FIG. 8 is a coaxially disposed but concave inlet of the secondary injection mechanism with the primary injection mechanism injection port inserted therein; in fig. 9, the injection port is sunk into the inside of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism, at which time the distance to the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is negative. Of course, other arrangements are also possible, and this is not a list.
Aiming at the problems that the urea injection stroke of the injection mechanism is overlong and the urea atomization effect is poor in the prior art, the urea injection mechanism 202 for measuring urea and the secondary injection mechanism 203 for atomizing the measured urea are designed, the urea supplied by the urea input end is accessed from the inlet 204 of the primary injection mechanism, the primary injection mechanism measures and injects the urea into the mixing cavity 201 to be mixed with fluid to form primary atomization, and then the urea is sprayed into the external environment such as an exhaust pipe through the outlet 205 of the secondary injection mechanism to form secondary atomization, so that the urea measurement is accurate by the structure, and the atomization effect is good; meanwhile, the mixing cavity is limited to be capable of being filled with fluid to be mixed with urea, and the urea is immediately sprayed out by the secondary mechanism, so that the spraying stroke of the urea is shortened, the metered urea is quickly sprayed and combined with the tail gas, the response speed is improved, and the tail gas treatment effect is better.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 3 to 9, further, in the above-described urea supersonic jet injector structure, the distance between the end face of the injection port 2021 of the primary injection mechanism 202 and the end face of the inlet 2031 of the secondary injection mechanism 203 is-50 mm to 50mm, no matter how the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are spatially arranged, as long as the distance between the end face of the injection port of the primary injection mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism can be-50 mm to 50mm.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 3 to 9, in the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the arrangement mode of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism is as follows: coaxially or axially parallel or axially crossed or axially spatially crossed. In fig. 3, the axial direction is arranged perpendicularly in a crossed manner; FIG. 4 is an axial cross but not vertical angular setting; FIG. 5 is an axial spatially perpendicular; FIG. 6 is an axial parallel; FIG. 7 is axially parallel but in opposite directions; FIG. 8 is a coaxially disposed but concave inlet of the secondary injection mechanism with the primary injection mechanism injection port inserted therein; in fig. 9, the injection port is sunk into the inside of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism, at which time the distance to the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is negative. Of course, there are other arrangements, and this embodiment is not listed one by one.
Example 4
Based on embodiments 2 and 3, as shown in fig. 1 and 3 to 9, the arrangement of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism in embodiment 3 is incorporated on the basis of ensuring that the distance between the end face of the injection port 2021 of the primary injection mechanism 202 and the end face of the inlet 2031 of the secondary injection mechanism 203 is-50 mm to 50mm.
Example 5
Further, in another embodiment, the secondary injection mechanism 203 is configured to:
a: atomizing by at least one section of the conduit structure which contracts and expands to accelerate the ejection of the fluid: or (b)
B: forcing the fluid to atomize by the ultrasonic reaction unit; or (b)
A and B.
More specifically, the better the atomization effect of metering urea, the better the tail gas treatment effect brought, in order to improve the atomization effect of metering urea, the second-stage injection mechanism can be designed into at least one section of pipeline structure which is contracted before expanded, according to the Venturi effect, the structure can effectively improve the fluid injection speed, high-speed jet flow is injected into the tail gas air, urea in the jet flow is cut into very small urea particles, and then the urea particles are fully mixed with the tail gas, so that the aim of improving the tail gas treatment effect is fulfilled.
Meanwhile, the urea can be atomized and metered by ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic reaction unit, the ultrasonic reaction unit can be arranged in the secondary injection mechanism, and the ultrasonic reaction unit can also be arranged outside the secondary injection mechanism, and the ultrasonic waves are transmitted along the secondary injection mechanism so as to atomize the urea which is metered through or sprayed out.
And, can also utilize the pipeline structure that contracts earlier and then expands to combine with ultrasonic reaction unit to improve atomization effect. For example, the secondary injection mechanism is arranged into a pipeline structure with a first shrinking and a second expanding, and the ultrasonic reaction unit is arranged at the front end or the middle end or the rear end of the secondary injection mechanism.
The present embodiment can obtain a good atomization effect under a condition of ensuring a low back pressure. Under the condition of low back pressure, the pressure born by the parts is greatly reduced, the reliability of the system is ensured, the service life is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.
Further, in another embodiment, the pressure of the additional fluid introduced into the mixing cavity 201 or the ratio of the diameters of the shrinkage and expansion of the pipe structure or the number of the pipe structure or the combination of the two pipe structures can be controlled so that the fluid ejected by the secondary injection mechanism 203 reaches supersonic speed or near supersonic speed.
The supersonic urea mixture jet flow comes into the external tail gas air, and forms huge speed difference and pressure difference with the external tail gas air, the high-speed gas can form shearing force on the surface of the liquid, the liquid can be broken and decomposed into numerous small liquid drops, finally spray with very small particle size is formed, the urea solution with very good atomization can be rapidly decomposed into ammonia gas in the exhaust pipe, meanwhile, the urea solution can be fully mixed with the tail gas, and the conversion rate of NOx and oxynitride in the tail gas is greatly improved.
Further, in another embodiment, the urea injection device further comprises a pressure regulating unit 208 connected to the urea input end 206 of the primary injection mechanism 202 and the fluid inlet end 209 of the mixing chamber 201, for stabilizing the pressure of the inlet urea and the pressure of the inlet fluid, respectively;
wherein:
the pressure regulating unit 208 is a single pressure regulating valve, and the pressure regulating valve uses the pressure of the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity to balance the pressure of the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism so as to form a structure for stabilizing back pressure regulation; fig. 1 shows a structure of a single pressure regulating valve, wherein one end of the pressure regulating valve is connected with a fluid input end 209, the other end of the pressure regulating valve is connected with a urea input end 206, and the pressure regulating valve is provided with an overflow port 2010 for releasing overflowed urea, so that the input pressure of the primary injection mechanism is ensured to be stable.
Or the pressure regulating unit is a plurality of pressure regulating valves, and the pressure of the fluid inlet end 209 of the mixing cavity and the pressure of the urea input end 206 of the primary injection mechanism are respectively regulated.
In this embodiment, the pressure regulating valve 208 is disposed at the urea input end 206 and the fluid input end 209, and the pressure regulating valve constructs stable back pressure, so that the primary injection mechanism can accurately meter urea, and the secondary injection mechanism can spray the metered urea at a high speed under the condition that the mixing cavity maintains stable pressure, thereby improving atomization effect.
Example 6
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an engine SCR exhaust aftertreatment system of the present disclosure, comprising:
at least one urea supersonic jet injector configuration of example 1 or example 2;
a urea solution supply system that feeds urea to the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a compressed gas supply system that delivers fluid to a mixing chamber of the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a catalyst which provides a reaction space for the exhaust gas and the fluid injected by the urea supersonic jet injector structure.
The embodiment can atomize urea into liquid drops with very small particle size under low pressure, and can reduce the output pressure of a urea pump in application, thereby reducing the cost of a system and improving the reliability of the system, and simultaneously shortening the gasification stroke of the urea, reducing the crystallization of the urea on an exhaust pipe, reducing the unreacted urea emission of the system, improving the conversion efficiency of a catalyst, and solving the problem of NO caused by difficult urea atomization x The system provides a brand new reliable technical idea and solution for meeting the strict emission regulations.
Further, in another embodiment, the urea jet injector further comprises an electric control unit electrically connected with the urea supersonic jet injector structure, and the electric control unit receives and controls the operation condition signal of the diesel engine and the urea injection quantity of the primary injection mechanism according to the operation condition signal.
Further, in another embodiment, the pressure regulating unit in the urea supersonic jet injector structure is a single pressure regulating valve, the pressure regulating valve is connected to the fluid inlet end of the mixing chamber and the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism, and the pressure regulating valve is configured to balance the pressure of the inlet fluid end with the pressure of the inlet fluid end.
Further, the pressure regulating unit is communicated with the urea solution supply system and is used for discharging the urea solution overflowed by pressure regulation back.
For a better understanding and implementation, the following details are provided: as shown in fig. 2, when the engine 1 is in normal operation, exhaust gas is generated, the exhaust gas enters an exhaust pipe 13, a pressure regulating valve 5, a urea ejector 9 (a primary injection mechanism), an atomizing ejector 10 (a secondary injection mechanism) and an ejector cooling water jacket 11 form a urea supersonic jet atomizing ejector 20, the urea supersonic atomizing ejector 20 sprays and atomizes urea solution and ejects the urea solution into the exhaust pipe, the urea is decomposed into ammonia gas at high temperature, the ammonia gas and the exhaust gas are fully mixed and then enter a catalyst 12 together for catalytic reduction reaction, and finally NOx compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced into nitrogen and water and discharged.
The electronic control unit 8 calculates the urea injection quantity according to the engine operation conditions (parameters such as rotation speed, torque, environment, pressure, temperature and the like), so that the urea pump 4 is driven to build pressure through the urea pump driving circuit 19, the urea pump 4 filters urea solution stored in the urea tank 2 through the filter screen 3 and then conveys the urea solution into the urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20 through the urea conveying pipe 15, the urea injector 9 is electrically connected with the electronic control unit 8 through the urea injector circuit 16, the atomization injector is electrically connected with the electronic control unit through the atomization injector circuit 17, meanwhile, the electronic control unit 8 drives the air switch valve 7 to open through the air switch valve driving circuit 18, compressed air with a certain pressure is conveyed into the urea jet atomization injector 20 from the compressed air supply tank 6 through the air conveying pipe 14, the urea solution and the compressed air can be adjusted through the pressure regulating valve 5 to form stable back pressure, the urea solution and the compressed air are fully mixed in the urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20, and the urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20 measures and atomizes the urea solution into the supersonic exhaust pipe.
The working principle of the SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system of the engine is as follows: the engine 1 supplies urea solution and compressed air into a urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20 through a urea supply system and an air supply system, the urea supersonic jet atomization injector 20 meters and atomizes the urea and then sprays the urea into an exhaust pipe, and tail gas and ammonia after urea decomposition are fully mixed and then enter a catalyst 12 to complete catalytic reduction reaction; the urea supersonic jet atomization ejector 20 consists of a pressure regulating valve 5, a urea ejector 9, an atomization ejector 10 and an ejector cooling water jacket 11, the urea ejector 9 is responsible for metering urea and ejecting the urea into a mixing cavity 201, compressed air is fully mixed with urea solution in the mixing cavity 201, the mixed urea solution enters the atomization ejector 10 with a pipeline structure which is contracted and expanded firstly and is used for generating supersonic air flow, the mixed urea solution forms an acceleration effect through a supersonic acceleration structure, the speed can reach a supersonic state, a high-speed urea gas-liquid mixture enters the outside air after leaving the urea supersonic jet ejector 20, a huge speed difference and a great pressure difference are formed between the high-speed urea gas-liquid mixture and the outside air, shearing force is formed on the surface of the liquid, the liquid is broken and decomposed into innumerable small liquid drops, finally spray with very small particle size is formed, the atomized urea solution can be quickly decomposed into ammonia gas in an exhaust pipe, meanwhile, the mixed with tail gas is more fully, and the NOx nitrogen oxide conversion rate of tail gas is greatly improved.
Example 7
The mixing cavity is constructed in a mode that the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are connected coaxially or are not connected coaxially, so that the volume of the mixing cavity and the urea solution stroke are reduced, and the metered urea solution is rapidly sprayed out and mixed with tail gas.
Or the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are coaxially arranged, axially parallel arranged, axially crossed or axially spatially crossed, and the distance between the end face of the injection orifice of the primary injection mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is limited to be-50 mm, so that the urea solution stroke is shortened, and the metered urea is quickly injected and mixed with tail gas.
In the technical scheme, the urea solution with stable pressure can be accurately metered by the primary injection mechanism, primary atomization is formed after the metered urea is injected into the mixing cavity, and then the urea is injected from the secondary injection mechanism under a certain pressure, so that a better atomization effect is achieved; meanwhile, the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are in butt joint, so that the mixing cavity is very small, the urea and the air flow are rapidly injected by the secondary injection mechanism to be mixed with the tail gas after being mixed, the response speed is improved, and the tail gas treatment effect is good.
The distance between the jet orifice and the inlet of the primary jet mechanism and the secondary jet mechanism is extremely short, the jet is correspondingly quick, the response time can reach below 1ms, and the effect is good.
The urea solution with stable pressure in the implementation can be accurately metered by the primary injection mechanism, primary atomization is formed after the metered urea is injected into the mixing cavity, and then the urea is injected from the secondary mechanism under certain pressure, so that a better atomization effect is achieved; meanwhile, the mode of butt joint of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism enables the mixing cavity to be very small, urea and air flow are metered and mixed and then are quickly injected out by the secondary injection mechanism to be mixed with tail gas, response speed is improved, and tail gas treatment effect is good.
Further, in another embodiment, a venturi structure pipeline is arranged in the secondary injection mechanism, so that mixed fluid is sprayed out at supersonic speed, and the atomization effect is improved.
Experimental analysis
With the urea supersonic jet injector structure shown in fig. 1 in example 1, a urea solution was input to the primary injection mechanism at a pressure of 750Kpa, a gas was input to the mixing chamber at a pressure of 500Kpa, and then the atomization effect and response time of the injection were tested; as a result of measurement, the atomized particle diameter was 10 to 20. Mu.m (Sotel average diameter), and the response time was 0.7 to 1ms. Under the condition of the same input pressure, the atomization particle size of the traditional urea injection system is 30-50 um, and the response time is 3-5 ms.
The atomization effect is tested through an atomization particle size testing instrument, and the response time is the time from the input of an injection signal to the injection of urea by the injector.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the use listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. Urea supersonic jet injector structure, characterized in that it comprises:
a primary injection mechanism for metering and injecting urea;
a secondary injection mechanism for atomizing the metered urea;
a sealed mixing cavity is constructed between the first-stage injection mechanism and the second-stage injection mechanism, and the mixing cavity is arranged to be capable of additionally introducing fluid to be mixed with urea injected by the first-stage injection mechanism to form mixed fluid, and then the mixed fluid is directly injected by the second-stage injection mechanism;
the distance between the end face of the jet orifice of the primary jet mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary jet mechanism is-50 mm; the arrangement mode of the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism is as follows: coaxially or axially parallel or axially crossed or axially spatially crossed.
2. The urea supersonic jet injector structure of claim 1, wherein said secondary injection mechanism:
a: atomizing by at least one section of the conduit structure which contracts and expands to accelerate the ejection of the fluid: or (b)
B: forcing the fluid to atomize by the ultrasonic reaction unit; or (b)
A and B.
3. The urea supersonic jet injector structure of claim 1, further comprising a pressure regulating unit connected to the urea input of the primary injection mechanism and the fluid inlet of the mixing chamber for stabilizing the pressure of the incoming urea and the pressure of the incoming fluid, respectively;
wherein:
the pressure regulating unit is a single pressure regulating valve, and the pressure regulating valve balances the pressure of the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism by using the pressure of the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity so as to form a structure for stabilizing back pressure regulation;
or the pressure regulating unit is a plurality of pressure regulating valves for respectively regulating the pressure of the fluid inlet end of the mixing cavity and the pressure of the urea input end of the primary injection mechanism.
4. The engine SCR exhaust emission aftertreatment system is characterized by comprising:
a urea supersonic jet injector structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
a urea solution supply system that feeds urea to the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a compressed gas supply system that delivers fluid to a mixing chamber of the urea supersonic jet injector structure;
a catalyst which provides a reaction space for the exhaust gas and the fluid injected by the urea supersonic jet injector structure.
5. The engine SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system of claim 4, further comprising an electronic control unit electrically coupled to the urea supersonic jet injector structure, the electronic control unit receiving and operating condition signals of the diesel engine and controlling urea injection quantity of the primary injection mechanism based on the operating condition signals.
6. The engine SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system of claim 4, wherein the fluid ejected by the secondary injection mechanism reaches supersonic or near supersonic speed by controlling the pressure of the additional fluid introduced into the mixing chamber of the urea supersonic jet injector structure or the ratio of the diameter of the conduit structure that contracts before expands, or the number of conduit structures that contracts before expands, or a combination of the three.
7. The engine SCR exhaust aftertreatment system of claim 4, wherein the pressure regulating unit is coupled to a urea solution supply system for back-draining the pressure regulated overflow urea solution.
8. The method for treating the exhaust emission of the SCR of the engine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the urea solution with stable pressure is metered by a first-stage injection mechanism and then injected into a mixing cavity;
introducing air flow into the mixing cavity and establishing certain pressure;
accelerating spraying and/or applying ultrasonic wave action to the mixed fluid in the mixing cavity to form spray through a secondary spraying mechanism;
mixing and reacting the spray with tail gas generated by an engine;
the primary injection mechanism and the secondary injection mechanism are coaxially arranged, axially parallel arranged, axially crossed or axially spatially crossed, and the distance between the end face of the injection port of the primary injection mechanism and the end face of the inlet of the secondary injection mechanism is limited to be-50 mm, so that the urea solution stroke is shortened, and metered urea is rapidly injected and mixed with tail gas.
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