CN113088960B - Titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088960B CN113088960B CN202110346189.XA CN202110346189A CN113088960B CN 113088960 B CN113088960 B CN 113088960B CN 202110346189 A CN202110346189 A CN 202110346189A CN 113088960 B CN113088960 B CN 113088960B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of wear resistance of titanium alloy. The components of the coating are primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structures, and the composition of a coating-matrix combined interface is a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound. The coating has good wear resistance, the hardness from the surface of the coating to the substrate is characterized by flexible package, the hardness of the coating part is lower than that of the titanium alloy substrate, but the wear resistance of the coating part is greatly improved compared with that of the titanium alloy substrate. The invention adopts plasma welding and synchronous powder feeding cladding technology to prepare the coating, the process method is easy to realize, the process flow can be controlled, and the process forming quality is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of titanium alloy wear-resistant coatings, and particularly relates to a titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The titanium alloy is an important structural material, the density (4.5 g/cm 3) of titanium is lower than that of steel, and the requirement of aerospace products on light materials is met; the strength (500-1400 MPa) of the titanium alloy is far higher than that of Al and Mg alloys, the titanium alloy has high-temperature resistance and low-temperature performance, and the titanium alloy can work for a long time under the conditions of high temperature of 550 ℃ and low temperature of-250 ℃, and is called as modern metal, space metal and the like. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in the industrial sectors of aerospace, aviation, petroleum, chemical industry and the like due to the excellent comprehensive properties of small specific gravity, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, no magnetism, weldability and the like. The titanium alloy has poor wear resistance, which limits the wide application of the titanium alloy under the conditions of plowing wear and abrasive wear. In general, titanium alloys undergo severe abrasive wear under normal temperature dry friction conditions. Therefore, the preparation of the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by using the surface modification technology becomes one of the research hotspots in the field of titanium alloy surface strengthening, and is a technical problem which is always desired to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating, which solves the problem of poor wear resistance of titanium alloy in the prior art. The coating is composed of primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structures, and the coating-matrix combined interface is composed of Ti-Al series intermetallic compounds. The coating has good wear resistance, the hardness of the coating from the surface of the coating to the substrate is changed from low to high, the hardness of the coating is lower than that of the titanium alloy substrate, but the wear resistance of the coating is greatly improved compared with that of the titanium alloy substrate.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating, which adopts plasma welding and synchronous powder feeding cladding technology, and has the advantages of easy realization, controllable process and high process forming quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a flexible package wear-resistant coating of titanium alloy comprises a primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structure as coating components, and a coating-substrate combination interface structure comprising a primary Si structure and a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound.
The coating and the matrix are completely in metallurgical transition combination, the surface microhardness of the cladding coating is 90-120HV, and the friction and wear resistance is 3-10 times that of the matrix; the hardness of the coating-substrate interface area is 360-700 HV.
A preparation method of a titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps: selecting Al-Si alloy powder, carrying out plasma welding cladding on a titanium alloy matrix by adopting a plasma welding machine and a synchronous powder feeder, wherein the welding current is 60A-75A, the powder feeding gas flow is 3.2-3.81 atm Nl/min, and carrying out plasma welding cladding on the titanium alloy matrix to form a coating.
The Al-Si alloy powder is subjected to synchronous powder feeding, welding and cladding, wherein the mass fraction of the Si powder is 15-35%.
The Al-Si alloy powder selects 100-120-mesh Al powder and Si powder, and is fully ground by a planetary ball mill for 120 minutes to obtain the Al-Si alloy powder.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
as known from a Ti-Al binary phase diagram, the addition of Al element can reduce the melting point of Ti and increase the beta transition temperature, thereby playing a strengthening role. When the addition amount of Al is small, Al element exists in alpha phase in a replacement mode at room temperature, and when the addition amount of Al exceeds the solubility limit, Ti-Al intermetallic compounds appear in the coating, and the Ti-Al intermetallic compounds have the advantages of small density, high strength, high hardness and the like.
The beneficial effect of the titanium alloy Al-Si flexible package wear-resistant coating combined with the Al element has good bonding strength, and a Ti-Al intermetallic compound exists at the interface of the coating and the substrate at room temperature, so that local high hardness is shown, and the protection of the titanium alloy substrate under the action of friction and abrasion is enhanced.
Si element in the titanium alloy Al-Si flexible package wear-resistant coating can improve the strength, reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating and be used as a main alloy element for improving the wear resistance. A large number of primary Si particles in the coating play a role in bearing and reducing the abrasion to alpha-Al in the coating, so that the alpha-Al in the coating is prevented from being ploughed and rubbed by dual microprotrusions, and the abrasion rate is further reduced.
The plasma welding cladding technology has high molten pool center temperature, can carry out surface cladding of various ceramic, high-melting point, wear-resisting and heat-resisting materials, and has the advantages of low porosity of the coating, higher bonding strength between the coating and the matrix, easily controlled coating characteristics and size, smooth and flat coating, accurately controlled thickness and less content of oxide and impurities of the coating.
In practical engineering application, the plasma arc under the protection of argon can cause a certain amount of oxygen element to enter a welding pool due to the limitation of practical engineering conditions, and the oxygen element can be Al after a welding seam is formed 2 O 3 In the form of (b) is present in the coating, which likewise has a beneficial effect on the wear resistance of the coating.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the coating designed by the invention is very effective in wear-resistant protection of the titanium alloy.
2. The coating is prepared by adopting plasma welding cladding and synchronous powder feeding processes, the metal powder component is Al-Si alloy powder, and the target coating can be prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate subjected to decontamination treatment. The coating components are easy to control and have strong operability. The powder is heated in the process of spraying out, and is protected by argon and ion gas, so that the uniformity of a cladding layer is better, and the defects of air holes are less.
3. The coating has an obvious tissue composition transition area between the coating and the titanium alloy substrate, the main component is Ti-Al series intermetallic compound, and the coating has the characteristics of high hardness, strong bonding force with substrate atoms, greatly improved wear resistance and the like.
4. The coating provided by the invention improves the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium alloy, and simultaneously continues the advantage of light weight.
5. The invention has lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the interface morphology of the coating after plasma welding cladding preparation.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the volumetric wear amount per unit time for a frictional wear test of a single sample.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trend of microhardness of the cross section of the coating.
Detailed Description
In a specific embodiment, the TC4 titanium alloy Al-Si flexible package wear-resistant coating and the preparation method thereof select Al-Si alloy powder, and a planetary rapid grinding machine is selected for mixing the Al powder and the Si powder, wherein the granularity range of the Al powder and the Si powder is 100-mesh and 120-mesh, the powder mixing rotation speed is 120r/min, and the powder mixing time is 120 min; carrying out plasma welding cladding on a titanium alloy substrate by adopting a plasma welding machine and a synchronous powder feeder, wherein the welding current is 60A-75A, the powder feeding flow is 3.2-3.81 atm Nl/min, the rotating speed of the powder feeder is 12-18r/min, the argon flow is 1.3-1.7L/min, the ion flow is 0.8-1.21 atm Nl/min, and an Al-Si wear-resistant coating is prepared by welding cladding on the titanium alloy substrate, and the thickness of the wear-resistant coating is 0-5 mm; the coating is organized into a primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structure, and the interface bonding layer of the coating and the substrate is a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound. Si is uniformly distributed in the coating, and the mass percent of Si element in the coating is 15-35 wt%. The coating has the advantages of low porosity, low alloy linear shrinkage, low thermal expansion coefficient, good compatibility with a matrix, good bonding force, better wear resistance and coating stability, and can well solve the problem of wear resistance of the titanium alloy.
The coating and the substrate completely show metallurgical bonding, the microhardness of the surface of the cladding layer is lower and is about 90-120HV, and the coating still shows good friction and wear resistance which is 3-10 times that of the titanium alloy substrate; the coating-matrix interface area shows higher hardness, the highest microhardness can reach more than 700HV, and extremely strong friction and wear resistance is obtained in the area.
In the invention, the plasma welding equipment is a multifunctional plasma welding machine which is DML-V02BD produced by Shanghai Duoliao industry Co.
In the invention, the titanium alloy matrix is a Ti6Al4V matrix.
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Al-15Si alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes is filled into a synchronous powder feeder of a plasma welding machine, a welding cladding coating is carried out on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by the plasma welding machine in a plasma continuous welding mode, the welding current is 65A, and the powder feeding airflow is 3.51 atm Nl/min. If a plurality of welding processes are carried out, the slag removal treatment is carried out on the finished cladding layer before the next cladding layer is welded, so that the surface of the cladding layer is smooth and clean. When welding cladding is carried out, the superposition of the next cladding layer and the previous cladding layer is not less than 1/2. Thus preparing the target Al-Si flexible package wear-resistant coating.
As shown in figure 1, the coating is divided into primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structures, and metallurgical bonding is presented between the coating and the substrate. The primary silicon is uniformly distributed in the coating and is used as the support of the alpha-Al soft phase to play a role in wear resistance. Under the condition that the content ratio of the Si alloy powder is low, eutectic structures are not obvious, and the coating shows good wear resistance. A single sample is taken for carrying out a plurality of times of friction and wear tests, and the test conditions are dry friction and a plowing and wearing mode. The material Q235 steel was chosen as the friction pair material according to the known coating structure composition. The result shows that the wear resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy Al-Si flexible packaging wear-resistant coating is 3-10 times that of the matrix TC4 titanium alloy; and the transition region of the coating and the matrix has higher wear resistance, so that the wear resistance of the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy is greatly improved, and the metallurgical bonding transition region provides effective protection for the titanium alloy matrix, as shown in FIG. 2. The technological parameters are the optimal cladding technological parameters of the invention.
Example 2
Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes is filled into a synchronous powder feeder of a plasma welding machine, a welding cladding coating is carried out on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by the plasma welding machine in a plasma continuous welding mode, the welding current is 60A, the powder feeding flow is 3.51 atm Nl/min, the target Al-Si flexible packaging wear-resistant coating is prepared, and silicon is uniformly distributed in the coating.
The TC4 titanium alloy Al-Si flexible packaging wear-resistant coating disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 3, and microhardness analysis is carried out on the cross section of the coating. In the coating layer, α -Al is a main component of the coating layer, and the hardness is 60-100HV, while the reason why the texture high hardness is exhibited in the transition region is that Ti-Al based intermetallic compounds, which are generated in the interface bonding region between the coating layer and the substrate, have a characteristic of high hardness.
Example 3
Al-15Si alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes is filled into a synchronous powder feeder of a plasma welding machine, a plasma welding machine is used for carrying out welding cladding coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy in a plasma continuous welding mode, the welding current is 60A, the powder feeding flow is 3.51 atm Nl/min, the target Al-Si flexible package wear-resistant coating is prepared, and silicon is uniformly distributed in the coating. As a result, the wear resistance of the coating was found to be 3 times that of the base TC4 titanium alloy.
Example 4
Al-35Si alloy powder with the granularity of 120 meshes is filled into a synchronous powder feeder of a plasma welding machine, a welding cladding coating is carried out on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by the plasma welding machine in a plasma continuous welding mode, the welding current is 75A, and the powder feeding airflow is 3.81 atm Nl/min, so that the target Al-Si flexible packaging wear-resistant coating is prepared. The cladding current obtains the maximum value of the process parameters and is matched with Al-Si alloy powder with high Si content, and the wear resistance of the obtained cladding layer is reduced to a certain extent compared with the wear resistance of the coating obtained by the optimal process parameters. Cladding is carried out under the upper limit current value, so that a molten pool has better fluidity, Si element sinks to the bottom of the molten pool more in the cladding process to be solidified and crystallized, the content of the Si element on the surface of the coating is reduced, further the primary silicon structure is reduced, further the wear resistance of the coating is reduced, and the wear resistance of the coating is still far higher than that of a titanium alloy matrix.
Example 5
Al-15Si alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes is filled into a synchronous powder feeder of a plasma welding machine, a welding cladding coating is carried out on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by the plasma welding machine in a plasma continuous welding mode, the welding current is 60A, the powder feeding flow is 3.21 atm Nl/min, and the target Al-Si flexible packaging wear-resistant coating is prepared. When the low-current and low-content alloy powder is used for cladding, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is correspondingly reduced for matching, and the wear resistance of the coating obtained by the process is reduced to a certain extent compared with that of the coating with the optimal process parameters in the embodiment 1, but better wear resistance is still obtained. The lower welding heat input is beneficial to the structure grain refinement of the cladding coating. Although the primary Si structure obtained by the process is reduced, most Si elements participate in Al-Si eutectic reaction to form a eutectic beta-Si structure, the eutectic beta-Si structure is very beneficial to improving the wear resistance, and the eutectic beta-Si structure distributed on the alpha-Al soft matrix can enhance the stability of the coating and serve as the support of the soft matrix, so that the good wear resistance is further shown.
Example 6
Selecting Al-Si alloy powder, and selecting a planetary rapid grinding machine to mix Al powder and Si powder, wherein the granularity of the Al powder and the Si powder is 120 meshes, the powder mixing rotation speed is 120r/min, and the powder mixing time is 120 min; carrying out plasma welding cladding on a titanium alloy substrate by adopting a plasma welding machine and a synchronous powder feeder, wherein the welding current is 65A, the powder feeding flow is 3.51 atm Nl/min, the rotating speed of the powder feeder is 12r/min, the argon flow is 1.3L/min, and the ionic flow is 0.81atm Nl/min, and an Al-Si wear-resistant coating is prepared on the titanium alloy substrate by welding cladding, and the thickness of the wear-resistant coating is 1 mm; the coating is organized into a primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structure, and the interface bonding layer of the coating and the substrate is a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound. Si is uniformly distributed in the coating, and the mass percentage of Si element in the coating is 20 wt%. The coating and the substrate completely show metallurgical bonding, the microhardness of the surface of the cladding layer is lower and is about 90-120HV, and the coating still shows good friction and wear resistance which is 3-10 times that of the titanium alloy substrate; the coating-matrix interface area shows higher hardness, the highest microhardness can reach more than 700HV, and extremely strong friction and wear resistance is obtained in the area.
Example 7
Selecting Al-Si alloy powder, and selecting a planetary rapid grinding machine to mix Al powder and Si powder, wherein the granularity of the Al powder and the Si powder is 100 meshes, the powder mixing rotation speed is 120r/min, and the powder mixing time is 120 min; carrying out plasma welding cladding by adopting a plasma welding machine and a synchronous powder feeder, wherein the welding current is 65A, the powder feeding flow is 3.71 atm Nl/min, the rotating speed of the powder feeder is 18r/min, the argon flow is 1.7L/min, the ionic flow is 1.21atm Nl/min, and an Al-Si wear-resistant coating is prepared on the titanium alloy substrate by welding cladding, and the thickness of the wear-resistant coating is 1 mm; the coating is composed of a primary Si and (alpha + Si) eutectic structure, and the coating and a matrix interface bonding layer is composed of a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound. Si is uniformly distributed in the coating, and the mass percent of Si element in the coating is 15 wt%. The coating and the substrate completely show metallurgical bonding, the microhardness of the surface of the cladding layer is lower and is about 90-120HV, and the coating still shows good friction and wear resistance which is 3-10 times that of the titanium alloy substrate; the coating-matrix interface area shows higher hardness, the highest microhardness can reach more than 700HV, and extremely strong friction and wear resistance is obtained in the area.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating is characterized in that: the organization of the coating is divided into a primary Si organization and an (alpha + Si) eutectic organization, and the organization of the bonding interface of the coating and the substrate is divided into a primary Si organization and a Ti-Al series intermetallic compound;
the coating and the matrix are completely in metallurgical transition combination, the surface microhardness of the cladding coating is 90-120HV, and the friction and wear resistance is 3-10 times that of the matrix; the hardness of the coating-substrate interface area is 360-700 HV.
2. The method for preparing the titanium alloy flexible package wear-resistant coating of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting Al-Si alloy powder, carrying out plasma welding cladding on a titanium alloy matrix by adopting a plasma welding machine and a synchronous powder feeder, wherein the welding current is 60A-75A, the powder feeding gas flow is 3.2-3.81 atm Nl/min, and carrying out plasma welding cladding on the titanium alloy matrix to form a coating.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant coating for the titanium alloy flexible package according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Al-Si alloy powder is subjected to synchronous powder feeding, welding and cladding, wherein the mass fraction of the Si powder is 15-35%.
4. The method for preparing the wear-resistant coating for the titanium alloy flexible package according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Al-Si alloy powder is prepared from 100-120-mesh Al powder and Si powder through fully grinding for 120 minutes by a planetary ball mill at a powder mixing rotation speed of 120 r/min.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant coating for the titanium alloy flexible package according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the plasma welding machine and the synchronous powder feeder, the rotating speed of the powder feeder is 12-18r/min, the flow of argon is 1.3-1.7L/min, and the flow of ion gas is 0.8-1.21 atm Nl/min.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant coating for the titanium alloy flexible package according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the plasma welding and cladding step, if a plurality of welding processes are carried out, the slag removal treatment is carried out on the finished cladding layer before the next cladding layer is welded, so that the surface of the cladding layer is smooth and clean; when welding cladding is carried out, the superposition of the next cladding layer and the previous cladding layer is not less than 1/2.
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