CN113088706B - Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator - Google Patents

Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator Download PDF

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CN113088706B
CN113088706B CN202110292881.9A CN202110292881A CN113088706B CN 113088706 B CN113088706 B CN 113088706B CN 202110292881 A CN202110292881 A CN 202110292881A CN 113088706 B CN113088706 B CN 113088706B
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fly ash
condenser
solid waste
gasification furnace
waste incinerator
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CN113088706A (en
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王毅斌
安琪伟
谭厚章
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0056—Scrap treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B17/00—Obtaining cadmium
    • C22B17/02—Obtaining cadmium by dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pressing fly ash of the urban solid waste incinerator into porous blocks; heating the porous block in a reducing atmosphere to be lower than the target fly ash deformation temperature by 100-150 ℃ to gasify the metal in the porous block to obtain metal vapor; when the fly ash is heated, the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min; recovering condensate obtained by fractional condensation of the metal vapor in a vacuum state, wherein the condensation temperature of the fractional condensation is determined according to the condensation temperature of the metal vapor; heating the fly ash in a gasification furnace, gasifying the metal phase change, and condensing the metal steam in a condenser; the invention utilizes the fly ash gasified in the reducing atmosphere and condenses the metal vapor in stages, can effectively recover partial heavy metal in the fly ash, and utilizes toxic substances such as dioxin and the like to decompose at high temperature, thereby realizing the resource utilization of the fly ash and protecting the environment.

Description

Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, and particularly relates to a device and a method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator.
Background
With the development of economy and the improvement of the living standard of residents, the living habits of the residents are greatly changed, and the urban solid waste pollution condition is very serious; brings great harm to the health of people and influences the development of industry and agriculture, and the problem of treating municipal solid waste becomes a major problem to be solved urgently in the current environmental field.
The existing technologies for treating urban solid waste include a landfill method, an aerobic composting method, an anaerobic digestion method and an incineration method, wherein the incineration method has the advantages of large capacity reduction, thorough harmless degree, realization of resource utilization of the solid waste and the like, and has become a main mode for treating the urban solid waste. Although the garbage incineration method has the advantages, a large amount of fly ash is generated in the incineration process, the fly ash is classified as dangerous waste due to the fact that the fly ash contains heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and the like with high leaching concentration, most of the heavy metals are deposited on the surfaces of fly ash particles and are dissolved at any time, and if the heavy metals are not properly treated, the heavy metals in the fly ash leach polluted underground water and soil. The currently common methods for treating fly ash mainly include safe landfill methods, solidification and stabilization technologies such as cement solidification, and technologies such as high-temperature sintering and melting. The treatment methods can effectively reduce the leaching of heavy metals, but the heavy metals solidified in the fly ash can not be recycled from the long-term safety of the environment, which is a waste of resources and also poses potential threats to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method capable of effectively recovering valuable metal elements from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, wherein a gasification and condensation method is adopted to recover heavy metals in the fly ash, dioxin and other toxic organic compounds in the fly ash can be effectively destroyed, part of valuable metals can be effectively recovered, and the economic benefit is improved while the environment is protected.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator comprises the following specific steps:
pressing fly ash of the urban solid waste incinerator into porous blocks;
heating the porous block in a reducing atmosphere to be lower than the target fly ash deformation temperature by 100-150 ℃ to gasify the metal in the porous block to obtain metal vapor; when the fly ash is heated, the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min;
and recovering condensate obtained by fractional condensation of the metal vapor in a vacuum state, wherein the condensation temperature of the fractional condensation is determined according to the condensation temperature of the metal vapor.
Screening and pressing the urban solid waste incinerator with the particle size of 30-100 mu m into a porous block, wherein the holes are variable-diameter holes with the pore diameter of 8-15 mm, the holes are randomly or regularly arranged on the block, and the volume of the holes accounts for 35 +/-5% of the volume of the block.
The metals include Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd.
The reducing atmosphere is created by adopting hydrogen and nitrogen together, and the flow ratio of the hydrogen to the nitrogen is 1: 9.
The condensate is recovered while the uncondensed gases are recovered.
The degree of vacuum in the vacuum state was Pa.
A device for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator comprises a gasification furnace and a condenser, wherein the gasification furnace is provided with an air inlet which is respectively communicated with hydrogen and nitrogen gas sources through pipelines, the gasification furnace keeps reducing atmosphere, a gas outlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with a gas inlet of the condenser, the lower part of the gasification furnace is provided with a first electric heater, the lower part of the condenser is provided with a second electric heater, the condenser is internally provided with a plurality of stages of condensation pipes which are classified according to the condensation temperature of metal vapor, and the condenser is provided with an air suction opening for vacuumizing and an outlet for discharging uncondensed gas; the first electric heater and the second electric heater adopt electric heaters controlled by self-adjusting PID, a thermocouple is arranged in the gasification furnace, a feed inlet is formed in the gasification furnace, and an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace; and a thermocouple is arranged at each stage of the condensation pipe, and the condensation pipe is communicated with a circulating cooling water system.
The gas inlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with a hydrogen gas storage cylinder and a nitrogen gas storage cylinder through pipelines, flow control valves are arranged at outlets of the hydrogen gas storage cylinder and the nitrogen gas storage cylinder, and a mixer is arranged on the pipeline from the outlets of the hydrogen gas storage cylinder and the nitrogen gas storage cylinder to the gas inlet of the gasification furnace; the condenser is connected with a vacuum pump and an unreacted gas recovery bottle.
The surface of the condenser pipe is provided with condensing sheets, the condensing sheets are triangular fins made of alloy steel, and the condensing sheets are distributed on the ceramic pipe at intervals of 55-90 degrees.
In the condenser, the temperature of the gas flowing along the condensing pipe is gradually reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the fly ash processed into blocks is gasified in a reducing atmosphere, and the metal vapor is condensed in a grading manner, so that part of heavy metals in the fly ash can be effectively recovered, and toxic substances such as dioxin and the like are decomposed at high temperature, so that the fly ash is recycled and the environment is protected; the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min, the highest temperature is lower than the deformation temperature of the target fly ash by 100-150 ℃, so that the fly ash is prevented from being partially or completely melted, the dissociation and diffusion of heavy metal steam in ash particles are hindered, and the metals are subjected to fractional condensation so as to synchronously recover more kinds of metals.
The invention can realize the recycling of part of valuable metals in the solid waste incineration fly ash, can overcome the influence of complex characteristics such as pure lag, inertia lag, nonlinearity, time-varying and the like in the traditional electric heating control process by creating a reducing atmosphere in the gasification furnace, reducing the gasification temperature of zinc and cadmium metals, and adopting a small electric heater controlled by self-setting PID (proportion integration differentiation) to heat, can respectively condense the generated metal vapor in corresponding condensing pipes, can realize fractional condensation and recovery, finally introduces uncondensed metal gas and harmful gas into a recovery bottle, can also utilize toxic substances such as dioxin and the like in the high-temperature decomposition fly ash, realizes the resource utilization of the fly ash, and simultaneously reduces the pollution to the environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-hydrogen gas storage bottle, 2-nitrogen gas storage bottle, 3-flow control valve, 4-mixer, 5-exhaust valve, 6-gasification furnace, 7-temperature thermocouple, 9-first electric heater, 13-second electric heater, 8-feed inlet, 10-vacuum pump, 11-condenser pipe, 12-condenser, 14-unreacted gas recovery bottle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for recovering valuable elements from fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator, which comprises the following steps:
pressing fly ash of the urban solid waste incinerator into porous blocks;
heating the porous block in a reducing atmosphere to be lower than the target fly ash deformation temperature by 100-150 ℃ to gasify the metal in the porous block to obtain metal vapor; when the fly ash is heated, the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min;
recovering condensate obtained by fractional condensation of the metal vapor in a vacuum state, wherein the condensation temperature of the fractional condensation is determined according to the condensation temperature of the metal vapor;
screening and pressing the urban solid waste incinerator with the particle size of 30-100 mu m into a porous block, wherein the holes are variable-diameter holes with the pore diameter of 8-15 mm, the holes are randomly or regularly arranged on the block, and the volume of the holes accounts for 35 +/-5% of the volume of the block.
Referring to fig. 1, a device for recovering valuable elements from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash comprises a hydrogen gas storage bottle 1, a nitrogen gas storage bottle 2, a flow control valve 3, a mixer 4, an exhaust valve 5, a gasification furnace 6, a temperature thermocouple 7, a first electric heater 9, a second electric heater 13, a feed inlet 8, a vacuum pump 10, a condensation pipe 11, a condenser 12 and an unreacted gas recovery bottle 14; along the medium flow direction, two hydrogen gas bomb 1 and nitrogen gas bomb 2 have been arranged to the upper reaches of blender 4, all are equipped with a flow control valve 3 on hydrogen gas bomb 1 and the nitrogen gas bomb 2, and gasifier 6 has been arranged to the low reaches of blender 4, through two liang of links of gas conduit. The gasification furnace 6 is connected with the condenser 12 through a pipeline, a feed inlet 8 and an exhaust valve 5 are arranged on the gasification furnace 6, the exhaust valve 5 is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace 6, as an optional embodiment, the feed inlet 8 is arranged in the middle of the gasification furnace 6, a rotating device for storing blocks pressed by fly ash is arranged inside the gasification furnace 6, the fly ash is heated by a first electric heater 9 controlled by self-tuning PID, a vacuum pump 10 is arranged at the top of the condenser 12, four condensing pipes 11 fully distributed with condensing sheets are arranged in the middle of the condenser 12, a second electric heater 13 is arranged at the bottom end, and an outlet is connected with an uncondensed gas recovery bottle 14.
Referring to fig. 1, the thermocouple of the present invention feeds back the temperatures of the gasification furnace and the condensation pipe to the temperature controller in real time, the temperature controller controls the start and stop of the heater in real time according to the temperature difference, a controller may be added to feed back the temperature data of the thermocouple to the controller in real time, and the controller controls the input amount of the circulating cooling water according to the actual temperature.
The fly ash collecting tank is externally connected with an ash discharge outlet of the dust remover, the ash discharge outlet of the dust remover is connected with the incinerator, the fly ash collecting tank is used for collecting fly ash generated by urban solid waste incineration, then the fly ash in the collecting tank is conveyed into a screening system, the fly ash with the particle size of 30-100 mu m is screened out, then the screened fly ash is quantitatively conveyed into a forming die through an automatic feeder to be extruded into a porous hexahedron or other polyhedron shapes, the holes are blind holes and through holes which are arranged in a certain combination mode, the sizes of the blind holes and the through holes are designed to be variable, the variable diameters are 8mm-15mm, the holes are uniformly distributed on the hexahedron surface or in a staggered mode or any mode, the volume of the holes accounts for about 35% of the hexahedron volume, finally the hexahedron-edge-shaped fly ash is conveyed into a rotating device of the gasifier through a feeding port, the fly ash is uniformly distributed in the rotating device and is gasified after being heated by a first electric heater in a reducing atmosphere, the gasified metal is condensed on different condensing pipes 11 in the condenser through gas pipelines, and finally uncondensed gas enters an uncondensed gas recovery bottle 14 through a gas outlet at the bottom end of the condenser.
Of course, the block body of the invention may be a cylinder, a spheroid, or a polyhedron, and the specific shape is not limited, and the block body is provided with a plurality of variable diameter holes, which may be blind holes or through holes.
Heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash mainly comprise Al, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr and the like, and target metals recovered by the device are Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd.
The first electric heater and the second electric heater adopt self-setting PID controlled electric heaters, the maximum heating temperature is set to be lower than the target fly ash deformation temperature by about 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, and the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min.
The reducing atmosphere in the gasification furnace is built by hydrogen and nitrogen together, and the flow ratio of the hydrogen to the nitrogen is 10: 90.
The bottom end of the condenser 12 is provided with a second electric heater 13 for heating the condenser, each condensing pipe is positioned in different temperature intervals by controlling the flow and the flow speed of cooling water, metal vapor with high boiling point is condensed on the condensing sheet with higher temperature, and metal vapor with low boiling point is condensed on the condensing sheet with lower temperature.
And a thermocouple is arranged at each condensation pipe for monitoring the temperature of the condensation plate in real time, so that the heating temperature of the second electric heater and the flow and flow rate of the condensed water can be adjusted in time.
The condensing sheet is made of alloy steel triangular fins, so that the condensing sheet and the condensing sheet on the condensing pipe are uniformly distributed on the ceramic condensing pipe at 60-degree intervals, the condensing pipe in the recovery device is taken out and replaced every other minute, and the condensing sheet is cleaned and the condensing sheet is placed into the condenser for continuous condensation.
Alternatively, the condensing sheet can adopt straight fins parallel to the axial direction of the condensing tube.
Certainly the condensation piece also can be distributed at the surface of condenser pipe at random to the condensation piece surface also can establish further and set up unsmooth line, in order to increase the surface area of condensation piece, unsmooth line all carries out smooth transition.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the condensation tube is in the form of a coil, and a gap for passing gas is provided between each turn of the coil.
The incineration fly ash sample is taken from a garbage incinerator in a solid waste incineration center, and the main metal elements in the incineration fly ash are iron, aluminum, chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, lead and the like. Firstly, putting pretreated porous hexahedral (which can be made into other shapes as required) fly ash into a rotating device through a feed inlet 8 of a gasification furnace 6, opening a flow control valve 3, and allowing hydrogen and nitrogen to flow out of a bottle, wherein the flow ratio of the hydrogen to the nitrogen is 10:90, mixing in the mixer 4, introducing the mixture into the gasification furnace 6 through the air inlet, closing the air outlet of the gasification furnace 6, then starting the vacuum pump 10, maintaining the vacuum degree in the condenser 12 at 10 Pa, then starting the first electric heater 9 and the second electric heater 13, heating to the set temperature of 1000 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature constant, opening the air outlets on the gasification furnace 6 and the condenser 12 and the air inlet on the condenser 12 every two hours, controlling the flow and the flow rate of cooling water to enable the condensation pipe to be in different condensation temperature intervals, taking out the condensation pipe in the recovery device every one minute, placing the condensation pipe into the condenser after cleaning and recovering the condensate, continuously condensing unreacted gas into the uncondensed gas recovery bottle 14, and after the reaction is finished, closing the vacuum pump and the electric heater.
As another example, the second electric heater 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the condenser 12 to heat the condenser 12, so that the temperature of the condenser 12 reaches 1000 ℃, and the condenser pipe is in different temperature intervals by controlling the flow rate of cooling water; the condensing pipe 11 for condensing and recovering Cu vapor is arranged at the upper part of the condenser 12, the corresponding condensing temperature interval is 800-1000 ℃, the condensing pipe 11 for recovering Zn and Pb vapor is arranged at the middle part of the condenser 12, the corresponding condensing temperature intervals are 300-400 ℃ and 200-300 ℃, the condensing pipe 11 for recovering Cd metal is arranged below the condenser 12, the corresponding condensing temperature interval is 100-200 ℃, and the uncondensed gas is recovered to the uncondensed gas recovery bottle 14.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than to any specific form or essential limitation thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which may be made by utilizing the techniques disclosed above; also, various changes, modifications and alterations of the embodiments described above, which are equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, are intended to be within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of an urban solid waste incinerator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pressing fly ash of the urban solid waste incinerator into porous blocks;
heating the porous block in a reducing atmosphere to be lower than the target fly ash deformation temperature by 100-150 ℃ to gasify the metal in the porous block to obtain metal vapor; when the fly ash is heated, the heating rate is not higher than 25 ℃/min;
recovering condensate obtained by fractional condensation of the metal vapor in a vacuum state, wherein the condensation temperature of the fractional condensation is determined according to the condensation temperature of the metal vapor; screening and pressing a municipal solid waste incinerator with the particle size of 30-100 mu m into a porous block, wherein the holes are variable-diameter holes with the pore diameter of 8-15 mm, the holes are randomly or regularly arranged on the block, and the volume of the holes accounts for 35 +/-5% of the volume of the block; the reducing atmosphere is jointly created by adopting hydrogen and nitrogen, and the flow ratio of the hydrogen to the nitrogen is 1: 9; the vacuum degree in the vacuum state was 10 Pa.
2. The method for recovering valuable elements from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that said metals include Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd.
3. The method for recovering valuable elements from fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensate is recovered while the uncondensed gases are recovered.
4. The device for realizing the method for recovering the valuable elements in the fly ash of the municipal solid waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized by comprising a gasification furnace (6) and a condenser (12), wherein the gasification furnace (6) is provided with an air inlet which is respectively communicated with hydrogen and nitrogen gas sources through pipelines, a reducing atmosphere is kept in the gasification furnace (6), a gas outlet of the gasification furnace (6) is communicated with a gas inlet of the condenser (12), a first electric heater (9) is arranged at the lower part of the gasification furnace (6), a second electric heater (13) is arranged at the lower part of the condenser (12), a plurality of stages of condensing pipes (11) are arranged in the condenser (12), the condensing pipes (11) are classified according to the condensing temperature of metal vapor, and the condenser (12) is provided with an air suction port for vacuumizing and an outlet for discharging uncondensed gas; the first electric heater (9) and the second electric heater (13) adopt electric heaters controlled by self-tuning PID, a thermocouple is arranged in the gasification furnace (6), a feed inlet (8) is formed in the gasification furnace (6), and an exhaust valve (5) is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace (6); a thermocouple is arranged at each stage of the condensation pipe (11), and the condensation pipe (11) is communicated with a circulating cooling water system; in the condenser (12), the temperature along the gas flow direction to the condensing pipe (11) is gradually reduced; the surface of the condenser pipe (11) is provided with condensing sheets, the condensing sheets are triangular fins made of alloy steel, and the condensing sheets are distributed on the ceramic pipe at intervals of 55-90 degrees.
5. The device for recycling valuable elements from fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas inlet of the gasifier (6) is connected to the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the nitrogen cylinder (2) through pipes, the outlets of the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the nitrogen cylinder (2) are provided with flow control valves (3), and the pipes from the outlets of the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the nitrogen cylinder (2) to the gas inlet of the gasifier (6) are provided with mixers (4); the condenser (12) is connected with a vacuum pump (10) and an unreacted gas recovery bottle (14).
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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