CN104195276A - Direct reduction process of carbon-burdened porous block of iron ore powder - Google Patents
Direct reduction process of carbon-burdened porous block of iron ore powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN104195276A CN104195276A CN201410454118.1A CN201410454118A CN104195276A CN 104195276 A CN104195276 A CN 104195276A CN 201410454118 A CN201410454118 A CN 201410454118A CN 104195276 A CN104195276 A CN 104195276A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy and in particular relates to a direct reduction process of a carbon-burdened porous block of iron ore powder, which can improve the heat transfer efficiency so as to solve the technical problems. According to the technical scheme, the direct reduction process comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing iron ore concentrate, a carbonaceous reducing agent, a bonder and water in proportion, pressing into a block, forming holes with the diameters of 10mm to 30mm in the obtained block, drying, and reducing in a direct reduction furnace, wherein the total hole volume is 10%-20% that of the block. According to the process, the carbon-burdened porous block can be arranged on the bottom of a kiln such as a rotary hearth furnace, a car bottom furnace, a tunnel kiln or the like for reduction, the thickness of a material layer can reach 80mm to 300mm, equivalently carbon-burdened pellets with the heights of 20mm to 30mm are stacked for 5-10 layers, and the reduction production efficiency can be greatly improved; moreover, the process is simple and easy to popularize, and a small quantity of equipment is required.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of metallurgy, be specifically related to join in a kind of powdered iron ore carbon porous block direct-reduction technique.
Background technology
Powdered iron ore Carbon-containing Pellets is the main iron-bearing material of non-blast furnace ironmaking, its preparation is-individual by pulverulent mixture material become physicals, chemical constitution and mechanicalness can meet under-step direct-reduction smelts the process of preparing metallic pellet requirement.
As the main iron-bearing material of non-blast furnace ironmaking, more to the research of powdered iron ore Carbon-containing Pellets in prior art, that the shape of pellet mainly contains is spherical, spheroid, avette, short pillow-like and bolster capitiform etc. are multiple, and its three-dimensional dimension is essentially 15mm～45mm.This pellet is (as direct-reduction in the fixed bed stoves such as rotary hearth furnace, car bottom furnace and drawer kiln) in Direct Reduction, the bed thickness being arranged on siege does not allow too thick, generally at 2～3 layers, thickness is at 20mm～30mm, because the bed of material is too thick, in bed of material biography, heat-transfer effect is too poor, internal temperature gradient is too large, causes direct-reduction deleterious.The thermal conductivity of the powdered iron ore Carbon-containing Pellets that experiment detects is 0.5～0.8W/ (mK), less with respect to carbon-free pellet, so just caused in the time that other condition is identical, lower, the overall reduction efficiency of the degree of metalization of Direct Reduction is relatively low.
Therefore, in Direct Reduction, how to improve the heat transfer condition of the thick bed of material of powdered iron ore Carbon-containing Pellets inside and outside, improving direct-reduction degree of metalization and the overall reduction efficiency of this Carbon-containing Pellets, is the anxious technical barriers that must solve of current those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention, has been to provide and in a kind of powdered iron ore that can improve heat transfer efficiency, has joined carbon porous block direct-reduction technique.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme provided by the present invention is as follows:
In powdered iron ore, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, comprise mixing of materials, briquetting, dry, reduction step, wherein:
Described mixing of materials step is: iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent and water are mixed; Wherein the mass ratio of iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent, water is 100 ︰ 16～32 ︰ 1.0～2.0 ︰ 14～20, and the quality of iron ore concentrate is in TFe quality wherein;
Described briquetting step is: material briquetting after mixing, on gained piece, have the perforate that multiple diameters are 10mm～30mm, perforate cumulative volume be block long-pending 10%～20%, in gained piece called after, join carbon porous block;
Described reduction step is: pack in direct-reduction stove and reduce, bed thickness>=80mm, 1200 DEG C～1400 DEG C of reduction temperatures, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere joining carbon porous block in dried
2volume ratio is minimum is 1 ︰ 5, and the recovery time is that 15min～60min obtains metal material piece; Preferably, bed thickness is 200mm～300mm.
The existing conventional drying technology of dry employing described in technique scheme.Adopt above-mentioned direct-reduction technique, the porous block inside and outside heat transfer efficiency being pressed into has had significant lifting, therefore can significantly improve charging thickness, thereby improves degree of metalization and overall reduction efficiency.
The number of openings in described briquetting step is because of the shape of compacting and vary in size differently, but perforate cumulative volume is joined 10%～20% of carbon porous block volume in being.Perforated area is excessive, and the charge amount of joining carbon porous block when reduction in unit surface is difficult to promote, and reduces on the contrary reduction efficiency; Perforated area is too small, is difficult to reach the object that improves heat and mass effect.Because there is perforate interior joining on carbon porous block, can improve heat-transfer effect, so the lumpiness size of pressing block there is no direct impact to heat-transfer effect, but be subject to the impact of pressing device and charging method.
Concrete, in gained, joining carbon porous block is right cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, square, circular cone stage body or truncated rectangular pyramids.For improving the charge amount in reduction furnace, inside join carbon porous block shape and be preferably rectangular parallelepiped, square or truncated rectangular pyramids.
Described iron ore concentrate is at least one in magnetite concentrate, red iron ore concentrate, brown iron ore concentrate, sefstromite concentrate, ilmenite concentrate, ilmenite, many metallic irons concentrate, steel scale of steel rolling powder, iron dust containing, sulfate slag.
Described iron dust containing is dust or the dirt mud producing in steel manufacture process, as sintering dust, blast furnace dust, bof sludge etc.Described sulfate slag is the waste residue producing with in the production sulfuric acid such as pyrite or sulfurous acid process.
In the time that described iron ore concentrate is magnetite concentrate, wherein TFe >=60%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is red iron ore concentrate, wherein TFe >=55%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is brown iron ore concentrate, wherein TFe >=50.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is sefstromite concentrate, wherein TFe >=51.5%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is ilmenite concentrate, wherein TFe >=30.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is ilmenite, wherein TFe >=30.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is many metallic irons concentrate, wherein TFe >=45%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is steel scale of steel rolling powder, wherein TFe >=65%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is iron dust containing, wherein TFe is 15%～70%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is sulfate slag, wherein TFe >=40%.
Particularly, in the iron ore concentrate in described mixture step, 50%～85% crosses 200 mesh sieves, can improve agglomeration property, improves reduction efficiency.Iron ore concentrate more than 85% is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and granularity is too thin, joins the dropping strength of carbon porous block in impact, and increases ore grinding cost; Cross and in 50% of 200 mesh sieve less than, join carbon porous block burst temperature and reduce, ultimate compression strength declines, and reduction effect is poor.
Particularly, in said mixture material step, described binding agent is the one in polyvinyl alcohol, Xylo-Mucine, molasses, calcium lignin sulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate.Described molasses be cannot reconcentration crystallization after sugar industry fractional crystallization sugar by product, be brown thick liquid.
Particularly, in said mixture material step, described carbonaceous reducing agent is the carbon raw material of fixed carbon content >=60%.At least one in concrete optional coal dust, Graphite Powder 99, powdered carbon, wherein, described powdered carbon can be the conventional carbon dusts such as wood charcoal powder, blue powdered carbon, coke powder.
Concrete, carbonaceous reducing agent >=60% in technique scheme is crossed 100 mesh sieves.
In technique scheme, in described briquetting step, forming pressure is 10MPa～35MPa.
Concrete, described direct-reduction stove is bed furnace.Specifically can select rotary hearth furnace, tunnel furnace, car bottom furnace or drawer kiln.Described bed furnace refers to furnace bottom and the relative static reduction furnace of material piece.
Concrete, in technique scheme reduction step, the charging thickness of inside joining carbon porous block is 200mm～300mm, can significantly improve the charge amount of Lu Nei unit's hearth area.
Through the metal material piece of above-mentioned steps gained through protect cooling after degree of metalization > 75%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the inventive method in join carbon porous block by offer a certain proportion of hole on piece, promote the inside and outside heat transfer efficiency of piece, can be contained on the furnace bottom of the stoves such as rotary hearth furnace, car bottom furnace, tunnel furnace and reduce, bed thickness can reach 80mm～300mm, being equivalent to is highly 20mm～30mm carbon-burdened pellet lay-up 5-10 layer, can increase substantially reduction efficiency.
2, the inventive method is simple, and required equipment is few, is easy to promote.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed.
In powdered iron ore, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, comprise mixing of materials, briquetting, dry, reduction step, wherein:
Described mixing of materials step is: iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent and water are mixed; Wherein the mass ratio of iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent, water is 100 ︰ 16～32 ︰ 1.0～2.0 ︰ 14～20, and the quality of iron ore concentrate is in TFe quality wherein;
Described briquetting step is: material briquetting after mixing, on gained piece, have the perforate that multiple diameters are 10mm～30mm, perforate cumulative volume be block long-pending 10%～20%, in gained piece called after, join carbon porous block;
Described reduction step is: pack in direct-reduction stove and reduce, bed thickness>=80mm, 1200 DEG C～1400 DEG C of reduction temperatures, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere joining carbon porous block in dried
2volume ratio is minimum is 1 ︰ 5, and the recovery time is that 15min～60min obtains metal material piece; Preferably, bed thickness is 200mm～300mm.
Concrete, in gained, joining carbon porous block is right cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, square, circular cone stage body or truncated rectangular pyramids.For improving the charge amount in reduction furnace, inside join carbon porous block shape and be preferably rectangular parallelepiped, square or truncated rectangular pyramids.
Described iron ore concentrate is at least one in magnetite concentrate, red iron ore concentrate, brown iron ore concentrate, sefstromite concentrate, ilmenite concentrate, ilmenite, many metallic irons concentrate, steel scale of steel rolling powder, iron dust containing, sulfate slag.
Described iron dust containing is dust or the dirt mud producing in steel manufacture process, as sintering dust, blast furnace dust, bof sludge etc.Described sulfate slag is the waste residue producing with in the production sulfuric acid such as pyrite or sulfurous acid process.
In the time that described iron ore concentrate is magnetite concentrate, wherein TFe >=60%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is red iron ore concentrate, wherein TFe >=55%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is brown iron ore concentrate, wherein TFe >=50.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is sefstromite concentrate, wherein TFe >=51.5%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is ilmenite concentrate, wherein TFe >=30.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is ilmenite, wherein TFe >=30.0%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is many metallic irons concentrate, wherein TFe >=45%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is steel scale of steel rolling powder, wherein TFe >=65%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is iron dust containing, wherein TFe is 15%～70%; In the time that described iron ore concentrate is sulfate slag, wherein TFe >=40%.
Particularly, in the iron ore concentrate in described mixture step, 50%～85% crosses 200 mesh sieves, can improve agglomeration property, improves reduction efficiency.Iron ore concentrate more than 85% is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and granularity is too thin, joins the dropping strength of carbon porous block in impact, and increases ore grinding cost; Cross and in 50% of 200 mesh sieve less than, join carbon porous block burst temperature and reduce, ultimate compression strength declines, and reduction effect is poor.
Particularly, in said mixture material step, described binding agent is the one in polyvinyl alcohol, Xylo-Mucine, molasses, calcium lignin sulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate.Described molasses be cannot reconcentration crystallization after sugar industry fractional crystallization sugar by product, be brown thick liquid.
Particularly, in said mixture material step, described carbonaceous reducing agent is the carbon raw material of fixed carbon content >=60%, specifically can coal dust, at least one in Graphite Powder 99, powdered carbon.Wherein, described powdered carbon can be the conventional carbon dusts such as wood charcoal powder, blue powdered carbon, coke powder.
Concrete, carbonaceous reducing agent >=60% in technique scheme is crossed 100 mesh sieves.
In technique scheme, in described briquetting step, forming pressure is 10MPa～35MPa.
Concrete, described direct-reduction stove is bed furnace.Specifically can select rotary hearth furnace, tunnel furnace, car bottom furnace or drawer kiln.Described bed furnace refers to furnace bottom and the relative static reduction furnace of material piece.
When the interior carbon porous block of joining is while being shaped as rectangular parallelepiped, square or truncated rectangular pyramids, in reduction step, direct-reduction furnace charge bed thickness can reach 200mm～300mm.
Through the metal material piece of above-mentioned reduction step gained through protect cooling after its degree of metalization > 75%.
Unless otherwise indicated, the per-cent in the present invention is mass percent.
Described in the present invention, TFe refers to all iron content.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.But therefore protection scope of the present invention is not limited among scope of embodiments.Especially, the brick pressing machine adopting in following embodiment is the equipment that applicant's actual production adopts, and not from the limited effect, equipment and the operating method that can realize compression moulding all can be for the inventive method.
Embodiment 1
Sefstromite concentrate, coal dust, Xylo-Mucine and water are mixed, and wherein the mass ratio of sefstromite concentrate, coal dust, Xylo-Mucine and water is 100 ︰ 28 ︰ 2 ︰ 16, and wherein sefstromite concentrate is in TFe quality wherein.In sefstromite concentrate, TFe content is 52%, and 74% mistake 200 mesh sieves, and coal dust 60% is crossed 100 mesh sieves.Compound is pressed in brick pressing machine in the rectangular parallelepiped that is of a size of 200mm × 50mm × 150mm and joins carbon porous block, inside joining number of aperture in carbon porous block is 8, and opening diameter is 30mm, seasoning 48 hours.Pack in rotary hearth furnace joining carbon porous block in dried, bed thickness is 150mm, is 1300 DEG C at reduction temperature, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere
2volume ratio is in the rotary hearth furnace of 1 ︰ 5, to reduce 60min to obtain metal material piece, adopts nitrogen cooling protection while coming out of the stove.After testing, after reduction, gained porous nugget degree of metalization is 81%.
Embodiment 2
Brown iron ore concentrate, coal dust, polyethylene alcohol and water are mixed, and wherein the mass ratio of limonite, coal dust, polyethylene alcohol and water is 100 ︰ 26 ︰ 1.0 ︰ 15, and wherein brown iron ore concentrate is in TFe quality wherein.In brown iron ore concentrate, TFe content is 51.5%, and 62% mistake 200 mesh sieves, and coal dust 70% is crossed 100 mesh sieves.Compound is pressed in brick pressing machine to truncated rectangular pyramids hole piece, it is gone to the bottom as 280mm × 80mm, and upper base is 220mm × 80mm, and height is 280mm, and inside joining number of aperture in carbon porous block is 26, and opening diameter is 20mm, seasoning 24 hours.Pack in car bottom furnace joining carbon porous block in dried, bed thickness is 280mm, is 1350 DEG C at reduction temperature, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere
2volume ratio is in the car bottom furnace of 3 ︰ 5, to reduce 40min to obtain metal material piece, adopts nitrogen cooling protection while coming out of the stove.After testing, the degree of metalization of reduction gained metal material piece is 85%.
Embodiment 3
Magnetite concentrate, coal dust, molasses and water are mixed, and wherein the mass ratio of magnetite, coal dust, molasses and water is 100 ︰ 30 ︰ 2.0 ︰ 16, and wherein the quality of magnetite concentrate is in TFe quality wherein.In magnetite concentrate, TFe content is 62%, and 80% mistake 200 mesh sieves, and coal dust 65% is crossed 100 mesh sieves.Compound is pressed in brick pressing machine to truncated rectangular pyramids hole piece, it is gone to the bottom as 250mm × 70mm, and upper base is 200mm × 70mm, and height is 250mm, and inside joining number of aperture in carbon porous block is 24, and opening diameter is 18mm, seasoning 24 hours.Pack in rotary hearth furnace joining carbon porous block in dried, bed thickness is 250mm, is 1250 DEG C at reduction temperature, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere
2volume ratio is in the rotary hearth furnace of 1 ︰ 1, to reduce 50min to obtain metal material piece, adopts nitrogen cooling protection while coming out of the stove.After testing, the degree of metalization of reduction gained metal material piece is 91%.
Comparative example
Sefstromite concentrate, coal dust, polyethylene alcohol and water are mixed, and wherein the mass ratio of sefstromite concentrate, coal dust, polyethylene alcohol and water is 100 ︰ 28 ︰ 2 ︰ 16, and wherein the quality of sefstromite concentrate is in TFe quality wherein.In sefstromite concentrate, TFe content is 52%, and 62% mistake 200 mesh sieves, and coal dust 70% is crossed 100 mesh sieves.Compound is suppressed to balling-up in pair roller ball press, and pelletizing diameter is 30mm, seasoning 24 hours.In dried powdered iron ore, join carbon porous block and pack in car bottom furnace, bed thickness is 80mm, is 1350 DEG C at reduction temperature, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere
2volume is in the car bottom furnace of 2 ︰ 5, to reduce 40min to obtain metal material piece, adopts nitrogen cooling protection while coming out of the stove.After testing, the degree of metalization of reduction gained metal material piece is 63%.
Can be found by above-described embodiment and comparative example, in identical floorage, remove that in the embodiment 1 after void volume, in iron ore, to join carbon porous block volume charge amount be approximately 2 times of pelletizing volume in comparative example, the unit surface charge amount of embodiment 2 is the charge amount in far super comparative example especially, and the degree of metalization > 75% of the metal material piece of the inventive method gained, degree of metalization than existing methods promotes obviously.The inventive method has improved production efficiency and the reducing metal rate of reduction furnace effectively.
Claims (10)
1. in powdered iron ore, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, comprise mixing of materials, briquetting, dry, reduction step, it is characterized in that:
Described mixing of materials step is: iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent and water are mixed; Wherein the mass ratio of iron ore concentrate, carbonaceous reducing agent, binding agent, water is 100 ︰ 16～32 ︰ 1.0～2.0 ︰ 14～20, and the quality of iron ore concentrate is in TFe quality wherein;
Described briquetting step is: material briquetting after mixing, on gained piece, having multiple diameters is the perforate of 10mm～30mm, perforate cumulative volume be block long-pending 10%～20%, in gained piece called after, join carbon porous block;
Described reduction step is: pack in direct-reduction stove and reduce, bed thickness>=80mm, 1200 DEG C～1400 DEG C of reduction temperatures, CO and CO in reducing atmosphere joining carbon porous block in dried
2volume ratio is minimum is 1 ︰ 5, and the recovery time is that 15min～60min obtains metal material piece; Preferably, bed thickness is 200mm～300mm.
2. in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, it is characterized in that: in described briquetting step, joining carbon porous block is right cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, square, circular cone stage body or truncated rectangular pyramids.
3. in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, it is characterized in that:
In described mixing of materials step, iron ore concentrate is at least one in magnetite concentrate, red iron ore concentrate, brown iron ore concentrate, sefstromite concentrate, ilmenite concentrate, ilmenite, many metallic irons concentrate, steel scale of steel rolling powder, iron dust containing, sulfate slag.
4. in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, it is characterized in that: the binding agent in described mixing of materials step is polyvinyl alcohol, Xylo-Mucine, molasses, calcium lignin sulphonate or sodium lignosulfonate.
5. in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, it is characterized in that: the iron ore concentrate 50%～85% in described mixing of materials step is crossed 200 mesh sieves.
6. the preparation method who joins carbon porous block in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described mixture, the carbonaceous reducing agent of step is the carbon raw material of fixed carbon content >=60%.
7. the preparation method who joins carbon porous block in powdered iron ore according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described carbonaceous reducing agent is at least one in coal dust, Graphite Powder 99, powdered carbon.
8. in powdered iron ore according to claim 1, join carbon porous block direct-reduction technique, it is characterized in that: carbonaceous reducing agent >=60% in described mixing of materials step is crossed 100 mesh sieves.
9. according to joining carbon porous block direct-reduction technique in the powdered iron ore described in claim 1～8 any one, it is characterized in that: in described briquetting step, forming pressure is 10MPa～35MPa.
10. according to joining carbon porous block direct-reduction technique in the powdered iron ore described in claim 1～9 any one, it is characterized in that: in described reduction step, direct-reduction stove is bed furnace; Preferably rotary hearth furnace, tunnel furnace, car bottom furnace or drawer kiln.
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| CN111411218A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 华北理工大学 | Pore-forming composite additive for dephosphorization of high-phosphorus iron ore pellets, addition method and preparation method thereof |
| CN111411221A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-14 | 潘良明 | Carbon-containing pellet with optimized structure for rotary hearth furnace |
| CN113088706A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
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| CN113088706A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
| CN113088706B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
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