CN113088290A - Biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation and preparation method and system thereof - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation and preparation method and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088290A CN113088290A CN202110539941.2A CN202110539941A CN113088290A CN 113088290 A CN113088290 A CN 113088290A CN 202110539941 A CN202110539941 A CN 202110539941A CN 113088290 A CN113088290 A CN 113088290A
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/005—Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
Abstract
The invention discloses biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation and a preparation method and a system thereof, wherein the remediation system comprises a heavy metal fixing mechanism, a greenhouse mechanism, a constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and a control mechanism; the heavy metal fixing mechanism comprises a main box body, and a constant-temperature water storage cellar, a water absorption matrix layer, a polluted soil storage layer and a biomass charcoal fixing layer which are arranged in the main box body from bottom to top, wherein the water absorption matrix layer is formed by compounding and mixing biomass charcoal for repairing cadmium-polluted soil and diatomite; the greenhouse mechanism comprises a greenhouse box body, a substrate material layer and ornamental plants; the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism comprises a constant-temperature water tank, a water inlet pipe connected with the constant-temperature water tank and the constant-temperature water storage cellar, and a condensation pipe connected with the greenhouse body and the constant-temperature water tank; the control mechanism can control the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism to provide constant-temperature water for the constant-temperature water storage cellar. The invention can fully infiltrate and dissociate cadmium in the polluted soil layer, and is absorbed and fixed by the biomass charcoal, thus being beneficial to the high-efficiency repair of the cadmium-polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation and a preparation method and a system thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of industrial and agricultural production and economic society, the pollution of heavy metals and plasticizer organic matters in farmland soil is increasingly prominent. Research of Chinese academy of sciences indicates that the soil heavy metal pollution of cultivated land in the main food production area of China is in an ascending trend, the point standard exceeding rate is increased from 7.16% to 21.49% in nearly 20 years, and the standard exceeding rate of the polluted cultivated land near part of mining areas even reaches 93.75%.
The traditional cadmium contaminated soil remediation generally adopts a mode of washing soil or leaching by chemical agents, and although the traditional cadmium contaminated soil remediation has a certain remediation effect, the shortcomings are obvious. Such as: the invention patent application with publication number CN 111790742A discloses a farmland soil cadmium pollution remediation device, which adopts a soil washing mode to repair, soil is sticky and easy to agglomerate after being wetted, the washing difficulty and effect are influenced, meanwhile, the soil washing can damage the soil structure and cause soil nutrient element loss, a large amount of water resources are consumed for causing purification cost increase when the soil is washed, and partial soil can also influence the remediation effect along with water flow loss. Such as: the invention patent with publication number CN 104226680A discloses a cadmium contaminated soil remediation device, which adopts a chemical leaching mode to remediate, easily causes chemical reagent residues, and causes sudden secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil, and the preparation method and the system thereof, which can fully infiltrate and dissociate the cadmium in the polluted soil layer, are adsorbed and fixed by the biomass charcoal and are beneficial to the efficient repair of the cadmium-polluted soil.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation comprises the following steps:
adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, then dropwise adding concentrated phosphoric acid, and carrying out ultrasonic impregnation, heating and stirring, crushing and sieving to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
and mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine, uniformly grinding, putting into a tubular carbonization furnace for carbonization, and cooling to obtain the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
Further, the dropwise added concentrated phosphoric acid accounts for 82-87% by mass, the concentrated phosphoric acid is oscillated and soaked in ultrasonic waves for 25-35 min, the concentrated phosphoric acid is heated to 140-160 ℃ and stirred for reaction for 11-13 h to obtain a solid reactant, and the solid reactant is crushed and sieved by a 40-60-mesh sieve.
Further, the pretreated straw powder and melamine are prepared according to the following steps of (23-25): (5-7), uniformly grinding, putting into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 1-2 hours, heating to 900 ℃, replacing the atmosphere with ammonia gas, carbonizing for 1-3 hours, and stopping introducing the ammonia gas; then nitrogen is introduced, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
The biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation is prepared by the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation.
A cadmium contaminated soil remediation system comprises a heavy metal fixing mechanism, a greenhouse mechanism, a constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and a control mechanism;
the heavy metal fixing mechanism comprises a main box body, and a constant-temperature water storage cellar, a water absorption matrix layer, a polluted soil storage layer and a biomass charcoal fixing layer which are sequentially arranged in the main box body from bottom to top, wherein the water absorption matrix layer is formed by compounding and mixing the biomass charcoal for repairing cadmium-polluted soil and diatomite;
the greenhouse mechanism comprises a greenhouse box body connected with the main box body, a substrate material layer arranged in the greenhouse box body and ornamental plants growing on the substrate material layer, wherein the substrate material layer is arranged above the biomass charcoal fixing layer;
the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism comprises a constant-temperature water tank, a water inlet pipe connected with the constant-temperature water tank and the constant-temperature water storage cellar, and a condensation pipe connected with the greenhouse body and the constant-temperature water tank;
the control mechanism is connected with the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and can control the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism to provide constant-temperature water for the constant-temperature water storage cellar.
Further, the mass ratio of the powdery biomass charcoal to the diatomite in the water absorption matrix layer is (3-5): (7-5);
the height of the contaminated soil storage layer is 30-50 cm, a first opening is formed in the side wall of the main box body corresponding to the contaminated soil storage layer, and a first sliding door is arranged at the first opening;
the height of living beings charcoal fixed bed is 10~30cm, the main tank lateral wall that living beings charcoal fixed bed corresponds is equipped with the second opening, and the second opening part sets up the second and moves the door.
Further, a first interlayer is arranged between the constant-temperature water storage cellar and the water absorption matrix layer, a second interlayer is arranged between the water absorption matrix layer and the polluted soil storage layer, a third interlayer is arranged between the polluted soil storage layer and the biomass charcoal fixing layer, and a fourth interlayer is arranged between the biomass charcoal fixing layer and the matrix material layer; the main bodies of the first interlayer, the second interlayer, the third interlayer and the fourth interlayer are stainless steel frameworks, and the frameworks are filled with anti-aging, corrosion-resistant, breathable and water-permeable materials.
Furthermore, a water outlet connected with a water inlet pipe is arranged on one side wall of the constant-temperature water tank, and a water replenishing port is arranged on the other side wall of the constant-temperature water tank; the constant-temperature water tank is internally provided with an electric heating wire and a temperature sensor, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water flow control valve, and the electric heating wire, the temperature sensor and the water flow control valve are respectively connected with a control mechanism.
The greenhouse is characterized by further comprising a dehumidification mechanism arranged on the upper part of the greenhouse box body, wherein the dehumidification mechanism comprises a dehumidification fan, a blower and a humidity sensor which are respectively connected with the control mechanism; greenhouse box upper portion lateral wall is equipped with the dehumidification mouth that links to each other with the condenser pipe, humidity transducer installs in dehumidification mouth below, the exit end and the dehumidification mouth of hydrofuge fan link to each other, the forced draught blower can send outdoor air into the greenhouse box.
The solar water heater further comprises a storage battery and a solar panel connected with the storage battery, the solar panel is installed at the top of the constant-temperature water tank through an angle-adjustable support, and the storage battery supplies power for the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism, the control mechanism and the dehumidification mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the prepared biomass charcoal is specially used for fixing heavy metal cadmium, the adsorption saturation amount of the heavy metal cadmium is up to 120000mg/Kg, and the adsorption saturation amount of the heavy metal cadmium is far higher than that of the traditional biomass charcoal;
(2) according to the cadmium-contaminated soil remediation system, under the assistance of the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism, the effects of capillarity, transpiration, evaporation, negative pressure and the like are skillfully combined, so that water is promoted to pass through the constant-temperature water storage cellar, the water absorption matrix layer, the contaminated soil storage layer, the biomass charcoal fixing layer and the matrix material layer from bottom to top in sequence, cadmium in the contaminated soil layer is fully infiltrated and dissociated, and is adsorbed and fixed by the biomass charcoal, so that the cadmium-contaminated soil is efficiently remediated;
(3) the raw materials adopted by the invention are wide in source and low in price, and the provided restoration system is simple in structure, energy-saving, environment-friendly and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cadmium contaminated soil remediation system;
labeled as: 1. a constant-temperature water storage cellar; 2. a first interlayer; 3. a water-absorbing matrix layer; 4. a second interlayer; 5. a contaminated soil storage layer; 6. a third interlayer; 7. a biomass charcoal fixing layer; 8. a fourth interlayer; 9. a layer of matrix material; 10. an ornamental plant; 11. a dehumidification opening; 12. a humidity sensor; 13. a second sliding door; 14. a first sliding door; 15. a condenser tube; 16. a solar panel; 17. a water replenishing port; 18. a single chip microcomputer; 19. an electric heating wire; 20. a temperature sensor; 21. a water flow control valve; 22. a storage battery; 23. a constant temperature water tank; 24. a moisture removal fan; 25. a blower; 26. a water inlet pipe; 101. a main box body; 102. a greenhouse box body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, dropwise adding concentrated phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, oscillating and dipping for 25min in ultrasonic waves, heating to 150 ℃, stirring and reacting for 12h to obtain a solid reactant, crushing the solid reactant, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine according to the proportion of 25: 5, uniformly grinding, then placing the mixture into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 2 hours, heating to 900 ℃, replacing the atmosphere with ammonia gas, carbonizing for 3 hours, stopping introducing the ammonia gas, introducing the nitrogen gas again, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
The embodiment also provides the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation, which is prepared by the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 87% by mass of concentrated phosphoric acid, oscillating and dipping for 30min in ultrasonic waves, heating to 150 ℃, stirring and reacting for 13h to obtain a solid reactant, crushing the solid reactant, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine according to the proportion of 25: 7, uniformly mixing and grinding the mixture, then putting the mixture into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating the mixture to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing the mixture for 1h, heating the mixture to 900 ℃, replacing the atmosphere with ammonia gas, carbonizing the mixture for 3h, stopping introducing the ammonia gas, introducing the nitrogen gas again, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
The embodiment also provides the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation, which is prepared by the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 82% by mass of concentrated phosphoric acid, oscillating and dipping for 35min in ultrasonic waves, heating to 140 ℃, stirring and reacting for 11h to obtain a solid reactant, crushing the solid reactant, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine according to the proportion of 4: 1, uniformly grinding, then placing the mixture into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 2 hours, heating to 900 ℃, replacing the atmosphere with ammonia gas, carbonizing for 1 hour, stopping introducing the ammonia gas, introducing the nitrogen gas again, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-contaminated soil.
The embodiment also provides the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation, which is prepared by the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 82% by mass of concentrated phosphoric acid, oscillating and dipping for 35min in ultrasonic waves, heating to 140 ℃, stirring and reacting for 11h to obtain a solid reactant, crushing the solid reactant, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine according to the proportion of 4: 1, uniformly grinding, then placing into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 3h, cooling to room temperature, and thus obtaining the biomass charcoal.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 87% by mass of concentrated phosphoric acid, oscillating and dipping for 30min in ultrasonic waves, heating to 150 ℃, stirring and reacting for 13h to obtain a solid reactant, crushing the solid reactant, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine according to the proportion of 25: 7, uniformly grinding, putting into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, and thus obtaining the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
The biomass charcoal for repairing cadmium-contaminated soil prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 is specially used for fixing heavy metal cadmium, and the adsorption saturation amount of the heavy metal cadmium is as high as 120000mg/Kg, which is much higher than that of the traditional biomass charcoal. The adsorption saturation amount of the biomass charcoal prepared in the comparative examples 1-2 to the heavy metal cadmium is lower than 500mg/Kg, and is much lower than that of the biomass charcoal prepared in the examples 1-3.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cadmium-contaminated soil remediation system, which includes a heavy metal fixing mechanism, a greenhouse mechanism, a constant temperature water circulation mechanism, and a control mechanism.
The heavy metal fixing mechanism comprises a main box body 101, and a constant-temperature water storage cellar 1, a water-absorbing matrix layer 3, a contaminated soil storage layer 5 and a biomass charcoal fixing layer 7 which are sequentially arranged in the main box body 101 from bottom to top.
The water absorption matrix layer 3 is formed by mixing the biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation and diatomite described in any of embodiments 1 to 3, and the mass ratio of the powdery biomass charcoal to the diatomite is (3 to 5): (7-5) the water vapor evaporated from the constant-temperature water storage cellar 1 can be adsorbed and enriched.
The height of the contaminated soil storage layer 5 is 30-50 cm, the contaminated soil storage layer 5 is connected with a heavy metal measuring instrument, the heavy metal measuring instrument is connected with a single chip microcomputer 18 of a control mechanism, and the content change of heavy metal cadmium in the contaminated soil storage layer 5 is monitored in real time. The side wall of the main box body corresponding to the contaminated soil storage layer 5 is provided with a first opening, the first opening is provided with a first sliding door 14, after the contaminated soil storage layer 5 is purified to reach the national standard concentration, the content of heavy metal cadmium is generally less than or equal to 0.3mg/kg according to the standard, the soil layer is moved out of the soil remediation equipment after reaching the standard, and a new contaminated soil layer needing remediation is replaced.
The height of the biomass charcoal fixed layer 7 is 10-30 cm, the biomass charcoal fixed layer 7 is connected with a heavy metal measuring instrument, and the heavy metal measuring instrument is connected with the single chip microcomputer 18 to monitor the content change of heavy metal cadmium in the biomass charcoal fixed layer 7 in real time. The main tank lateral wall that biomass charcoal fixed bed 7 corresponds is equipped with the second opening, and the second opening part sets up the second and moves door 13, adsorbs fixed heavy metal cadmium saturation back can wholly take out in biomass charcoal fixed bed 7, changes new biomass charcoal fixed bed 7, keeps the purification efficiency of system.
The greenhouse means comprises a greenhouse box 102 connected to a main box 101, a layer of substrate material 9 provided in the greenhouse box 102, and ornamental plants 10 grown on the layer of substrate material 9. The ornamental plant 10 is preferably a drought-resistant plant, such as Iris pseudacorus (also known as "Iris florida"). The substrate material layer 9 is arranged above the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7 and provides nutrition and space for ornamental plants 10. The top and side walls of the greenhouse box 102 are made of glass and the top is arc-shaped.
An interlayer I2 is arranged between the constant-temperature water storage cellar 1 and the water absorption matrix layer 3, so that biomass carbon particles are prevented from losing into the constant-temperature water storage cellar 1; a second interlayer 4 is arranged between the water absorption matrix layer 3 and the polluted soil storage layer 5, so that the condition that pollution is diffused to the lower layer in the polluted soil remediation process can be avoided; a third interlayer 6 is arranged between the polluted soil storage layer 5 and the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7, a fourth interlayer 8 is arranged between the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7 and the matrix material layer 9, and the fourth interlayer 8 separates the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7 special for heavy metal cadmium from plant roots, so that the roots are prevented from being pricked into the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7 to influence the replacement of a soil layer; the main bodies of the first interlayer 2, the second interlayer 4, the third interlayer 6 and the fourth interlayer 8 are stainless steel frameworks, and the frameworks are filled with anti-aging, corrosion-resistant, breathable and permeable materials.
The control mechanism comprises a single chip microcomputer 18, is connected with the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and can control the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism to provide constant-temperature water for the constant-temperature water storage cellar 1.
The constant temperature water circulation mechanism comprises a constant temperature water tank 23, a water inlet pipe 26 for connecting the constant temperature water tank 23 and the constant temperature water storage cellar 1, and a condensation pipe 15 for connecting the greenhouse body 102 and the constant temperature water tank 23. The shells of the main box body 101 and the constant temperature water tank 23 are made of heat insulation materials, so that the heat insulation effect is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. A water outlet connected with the water inlet pipe 26 is arranged on one side wall of the constant temperature water tank 23, the water inlet pipe 26 is provided with a water flow control valve 21, an electric heating wire 19 and a temperature sensor 20 are arranged in the constant temperature water tank 23, and the electric heating wire 19, the temperature sensor 20 and the water flow control valve 21 are respectively connected with the singlechip 18. The target water temperature is preset in the singlechip 18, when the temperature sensor 20 detects that the water temperature in the constant-temperature water tank 23 is lower than the target water temperature, the singlechip 18 sends a starting instruction to the electric heating wire 19 to start heating, and when the water temperature reaches the target water temperature, the heating is stopped. If the water temperature in the constant temperature water tank 23 fails to reach the preset target water temperature, the water flow control valve 21 is closed; when the water temperature reaches the standard, the water flow control valve 21 is opened, and the water in the water tank 23 flows into the constant-temperature water storage cellar 1. The other side wall of the constant temperature water tank 23 is provided with a water replenishing port 17, water is replenished through the water replenishing port 17, and the water replenishing port 17 is blocked to prevent water leakage during normal use.
The cadmium contaminated soil remediation system provided by the embodiment further comprises a storage battery 22 and a solar panel 16 connected with the storage battery 22, wherein the solar panel 16 is installed at the top of the constant-temperature water tank 23 through an angle-adjustable support, the angle-adjustable support can adjust the installation angle of the solar panel 16 according to different seasons or different times, and solar radiation is received to the greatest extent. The storage battery 22 supplies power for the singlechip 18 of the control mechanism, the electric heating wire 19 of the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and the temperature sensor 20.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cadmium contaminated soil remediation system, further comprising a dehumidifying mechanism disposed on the upper portion of the greenhouse box 102, wherein the dehumidifying mechanism comprises a dehumidifying fan 24, a blower 25 and a humidity sensor 12, which are respectively connected to the single chip 18 of the control mechanism. The dehumidifying mechanism is also independently provided with a controller connected to the blower 25 and the dehumidifying fan 24 for controlling the rotation speeds of the blower 25 and the dehumidifying fan 24. The battery 22 supplies power to the dehumidifying mechanism.
The upper side wall of the greenhouse box 102 is provided with a dehumidification opening 11 connected with the condensation pipe 15, the humidity sensor 12 is arranged below the dehumidification opening 11, the outlet end of the dehumidification fan 24 is connected with the dehumidification opening 11, and the blower 25 can send outdoor air into the greenhouse box. Humidity transducer 12 and singlechip 18 realize data connection, and singlechip 18 can acquire the humidity condition in the greenhouse in real time, and when air humidity was greater than or equal to 50%, singlechip 18 sent opening instruction to dehumidification system, began the dehumidification work, and exhaust moisture flows back to constant temperature water tank 23 through condenser pipe 15 in, and when air humidity was less than 50%, dehumidification system stop work.
The working principle of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation system is as follows:
the system is first built up according to the structure shown in fig. 1. When the sun shines into the greenhouse box body 102 through the glass, the greenhouse temperature is raised, the evapotranspiration of plants and soil in the greenhouse is promoted, the moisture in the water-absorbing matrix layer 3 rises, active heavy metal cadmium ions in the polluted soil are fused into the polluted soil when passing through the polluted soil storage layer 5 and enter the biomass charcoal fixing layer 7, the special biomass charcoal fixes the heavy metal cadmium ions in the moisture through a series of physical and chemical processes, the water vapor continues to move upwards, part of the water vapor is absorbed by the ornamental plants 10, and most of the water vapor enters the greenhouse air through transpiration or evaporation. In the process, the single chip microcomputer 18 judges whether to start the electric heating wire 19 and the dehumidifying mechanism according to the real-time data of the temperature sensor 20 and the humidity sensor 12.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-polluted soil remediation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding agricultural biomass cotton stalk powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, then dropwise adding concentrated phosphoric acid, and carrying out ultrasonic impregnation, heating and stirring, crushing and sieving to obtain pretreated stalk powder;
and mixing the pretreated straw powder and melamine, uniformly grinding, putting into a tubular carbonization furnace for carbonization, and cooling to obtain the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil.
2. The preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the dropwise added concentrated phosphoric acid is 82-87%, the concentrated phosphoric acid is subjected to vibration and immersion in ultrasonic waves for 25-35 min, the concentrated phosphoric acid is heated to 140-160 ℃ and stirred for reaction for 11-13 h to obtain a solid reactant, and the solid reactant is crushed and sieved by a 40-60-mesh sieve.
3. The preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the pretreated straw powder and melamine are mixed according to the following ratio (23-25): (5-7), uniformly grinding, then placing into a tubular carbonization furnace, heating to 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, carbonizing for 1-2 h, heating to 900 ℃, replacing the atmosphere with ammonia gas, carbonizing for 1-3 h, stopping introducing ammonia gas, introducing nitrogen gas again, and cooling to room temperature.
4. The biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the biomass charcoal for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A cadmium contaminated soil remediation system is characterized by comprising a heavy metal fixing mechanism, a greenhouse mechanism, a constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and a control mechanism;
the heavy metal fixing mechanism comprises a main box body, and a constant-temperature water storage cellar, a water absorption matrix layer, a polluted soil storage layer and a biomass charcoal fixing layer which are sequentially arranged in the main box body from bottom to top, wherein the water absorption matrix layer is formed by compounding and mixing the biomass charcoal for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil and the diatomite according to claim 4;
the greenhouse mechanism comprises a greenhouse box body connected with the main box body, a substrate material layer arranged in the greenhouse box body and ornamental plants growing on the substrate material layer, wherein the substrate material layer is arranged above the biomass charcoal fixing layer;
the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism comprises a constant-temperature water tank, a water inlet pipe connected with the constant-temperature water tank and the constant-temperature water storage cellar, and a condensation pipe connected with the greenhouse body and the constant-temperature water tank;
the control mechanism is connected with the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism and can control the constant-temperature water circulation mechanism to provide constant-temperature water for the constant-temperature water storage cellar.
6. The cadmium-polluted soil remediation system of claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the powdered biomass charcoal to the diatomite in the water-absorbing matrix layer is (3-5): (7-5);
the height of the contaminated soil storage layer is 30-50 cm, a first opening is formed in the side wall of the main box body corresponding to the contaminated soil storage layer, and a first sliding door is arranged at the first opening;
the height of living beings charcoal fixed bed is 10~30cm, the main tank lateral wall that living beings charcoal fixed bed corresponds is equipped with the second opening, and the second opening part sets up the second and moves the door.
7. The cadmium-polluted soil remediation system of claim 5, wherein a first interlayer is arranged between the constant-temperature water storage cellar and the water-absorbing matrix layer, a second interlayer is arranged between the water-absorbing matrix layer and the polluted soil storage layer, a third interlayer is arranged between the polluted soil storage layer and the biomass charcoal fixing layer, and a fourth interlayer is arranged between the biomass charcoal fixing layer and the matrix material layer; the main bodies of the first interlayer, the second interlayer, the third interlayer and the fourth interlayer are stainless steel frameworks, and the frameworks are filled with anti-aging, corrosion-resistant, breathable and water-permeable materials.
8. The cadmium-polluted soil remediation system of claim 5, wherein one side wall of the constant-temperature water tank is provided with a water outlet connected with a water inlet pipe, and the other side wall of the constant-temperature water tank is provided with a water replenishing port; the constant-temperature water tank is internally provided with an electric heating wire and a temperature sensor, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water flow control valve, and the electric heating wire, the temperature sensor and the water flow control valve are respectively connected with a control mechanism.
9. The cadmium-polluted soil remediation system of claim 5, further comprising a dehumidification mechanism disposed at an upper portion of the greenhouse box, wherein the dehumidification mechanism comprises a dehumidification fan, a blower and a humidity sensor respectively connected to the control mechanism; greenhouse box upper portion lateral wall is equipped with the dehumidification mouth that links to each other with the condenser pipe, humidity transducer installs in dehumidification mouth below, the exit end and the dehumidification mouth of hydrofuge fan link to each other, the forced draught blower can send outdoor air into the greenhouse box.
10. The cadmium-contaminated soil remediation system of claim 9, further comprising a storage battery and a solar panel connected to the storage battery, wherein the solar panel is mounted on top of the thermostatic water tank through an adjustable angle bracket, and the storage battery supplies power to the thermostatic water circulation mechanism, the control mechanism, and the dehumidification mechanism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110539941.2A CN113088290B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Biomass charcoal for repairing cadmium-polluted soil and preparation method and system thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110539941.2A CN113088290B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Biomass charcoal for repairing cadmium-polluted soil and preparation method and system thereof |
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| CN113088290A true CN113088290A (en) | 2021-07-09 |
| CN113088290B CN113088290B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| CN107931323A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Passivator and its preparation, application method are repaired for heavy metals in farmland combined contamination soil |
| CN110226435A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 张国桢 | Keep the temperature temperature storage type greenhouse and its heat preservation temperature storage method |
| CN210275293U (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-04-10 | 张国桢 | Heat preservation and storage type greenhouse |
| CN111821949A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 南京农业大学 | Nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped peanut shell carbon and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN201747080U (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2011-02-16 | 北京山地生态科技研究所 | Ecological house structure |
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| CN106180178A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 宁国市渠源净水设备有限公司 | The device of cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN107931323A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Passivator and its preparation, application method are repaired for heavy metals in farmland combined contamination soil |
| CN110226435A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 张国桢 | Keep the temperature temperature storage type greenhouse and its heat preservation temperature storage method |
| CN210275293U (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-04-10 | 张国桢 | Heat preservation and storage type greenhouse |
| CN111821949A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 南京农业大学 | Nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped peanut shell carbon and preparation method and application thereof |
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