CN113087583B - Low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive - Google Patents
Low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN113087583B CN113087583B CN202010022217.8A CN202010022217A CN113087583B CN 113087583 B CN113087583 B CN 113087583B CN 202010022217 A CN202010022217 A CN 202010022217A CN 113087583 B CN113087583 B CN 113087583B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
- C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
- C06B23/004—Chemical sensitisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosive preparation, and provides a low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof. The composite material consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 50% -95% of emulsion explosive and expanded polymer5% -50% of water-absorbent resin. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding a certain amount of NH 4 NO 3 、NaNO 3 Mixing water and heating to dissolve completely to obtain NH 4 NO 3 A solution; dispersing the composite oil phase and the emulsifier in NH under low-speed stirring 4 NO 3 Heating to 105-125 ℃ in the solution to form an emulsified matrix; after the temperature is cooled to 80 ℃, adding a sensitizer for sensitization to obtain the emulsion explosive; then, adding the high-molecular water-absorbent resin according to the mass ratio: and (3) uniformly stirring the expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin prepared by water=1:20-30, and cooling to below 40 ℃ to obtain the low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive. The invention provides a novel low-detonation-velocity emulsion explosive which is wide in source and low in price, the detonation velocity can be adjusted according to the requirements of the application field, and the environmental pollution is reduced to a great extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-explosion-speed explosive, and belongs to the technical field of explosive preparation.
Background
The industrial explosive is also called as civil explosive, and is an explosive mixture which is formed by taking oxidant and combustible agent as main bodies and according to the oxygen balance principle. The industrial explosive varieties mainly used at present are of three types: ammonium nitrate explosive, ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and emulsion explosive. The conventional low detonation velocity explosive mainly comprises the following components: firstly, heavy metal powder or low-capacity inorganic salt powder is added into an explosive to block the propagation of detonation waves, so that the detonation velocity of the explosive is reduced; dispersing the high explosive into the binder or each porous material to prepare the low-density foam explosive; thirdly, the industrial explosive is taken as an explosion component, and diluents such as salt, expanded perlite, mineral powder, glass microspheres and the like are added and uniformly mixed to prepare the explosive. The explosive prepared by the first two methods has high friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity, unsafe use and high cost, and can cause environmental pollution; the explosive prepared by the third method has poor storage stability, is generally mixed and used on site, has high labor intensity, and has the defects of strong hygroscopicity, uneven density and the like of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, so that detonation propagation is unstable.
The emulsion explosive is a typical representative of water-containing explosive, and compared with expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and ammonium nitrate explosive, it has the characteristics of excellent water resistance, less moisture absorption, less caking and the like. The emulsion explosive is of a water-in-oil (W/O) structure, namely, the emulsion explosive is emulsified to prepare the water-in-oil creamy mixed explosive, wherein the water phase substances are uniformly distributed in the oil phase substances in a dispersed state, so that the uniformity and the stable performance of each component are ensured. At present, the emulsion explosive is widely applied to various engineering blasting fields, including the fields of smooth blasting, presplitting blasting, geological exploration, coal mine blasting, explosive welding, metal explosion molding and the like.
The Chinese patent document with application number 201010561617.2 (publication number: CN102173969A, publication day: 2011, 9/7) discloses a formula of a composite explosive for low-explosion-speed and high-explosion, which is mainly prepared from rock-type powdery emulsion explosive, industrial salt 26% -30%, hard wood powder 6.5% -13.5% and talcum powder 0.5% by weight, wherein the explosion speed of the explosive is 1750-1950 m/s. The formula of the invention is added with 26 to 30 percent of industrial salt, and the long-term use of the invention can cause environmental problems such as soil salinization and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive which is safe to use and low in cost, and particularly reduces the influence on the environment to a great extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention is a preferable scheme, which is formed by mixing the following components in volume ratio: 50-95% of emulsion explosive and 5-50% of expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the emulsion explosive is sensitized from an emulsion matrix by a sensitizer.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme, which is characterized in that the high molecular water-absorbent resin after water absorption consists of the following components in parts by mass: and the water ratio of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1:20-30.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-absorbent polymer resin has a hydrophilic group and is a synthetic resin capable of absorbing a large amount of water to swell and retaining the water from flowing out.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle diameter of the water-absorbent polymer is 60 to 400 mesh.
According to a preferred scheme of the invention, the density of the high-molecular water-absorbent resin after water absorption is consistent with that of the emulsion explosive, and the high-molecular water-absorbent resin is uniformly mixed and has uniform energy.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, the density of the emulsion explosive is 1.00-1.25 g/m < 3 >, and the detonation velocity is 4200-5000 m/s.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, the sensitizer is one of glass microspheres, expanded perlite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrite and the like.
According to a preferred scheme, the invention adopts a 2# rock emulsion explosive, and the sensitizer is one of glass microspheres, expanded perlite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrite and the like. Wherein the sensitizer mainly plays a role of a hot spot, and can be directly prepared into the emulsion explosive by physical sensitization or chemical sensitization of the emulsion matrix.
According to a preferred scheme of the invention, the water in the expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin can enable the explosive at 80 ℃ to be cooled rapidly.
The emulsion explosive comprises 70-80% of ammonium nitrate by mass percent; 3% -5% of a composite oil phase; 1% -3% of an emulsifier; 6% -10% of sodium nitrate; 5% -12% of water; 2% -5% of sensitizer. The composite oil phase material can be one or more of petroleum products with proper viscosity, such as diesel oil, heavy oil, engine oil, white oil, vaseline, paraffin, and the like; the content of the catalyst can be 3-5%. The emulsifier can be one or more mixed acid esters of sorbitan monooleate and xylitol monooleate, and also can be polyisobutylene succinimide polymer emulsifier.
The preparation method of the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing an expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin according to the mass ratio of the high-molecular water-absorbent resin to water=1:20-30 for later use;
(2) mixing and heating a certain amount of NH4NO3, naNO3 and water until the mixture is completely dissolved, and controlling the temperature to be 105-125 ℃;
(3) heating and dissolving the composite oil phase to be liquid, and controlling the temperature to be 105-125 ℃;
(4) dispersing the composite oil phase and the emulsifier in the solution in the step (2) under low-speed stirring, and heating to 105-125 ℃ to form an emulsified matrix;
(5) after the temperature is cooled to 80 ℃, adding a sensitizer for sensitization to obtain the emulsion explosive;
(6) preserving the temperature at 80 ℃, adding the prepared expanded high molecular water-absorbent resin, stirring uniformly, and cooling to below 40 ℃ to obtain the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive.
The specific principle of the invention is as follows: the expanded high molecular water absorbent resin is an inert additive, and the width of a chemical reaction area after impact can be widened due to the barrier effect; and increases the interval between the molecules of the explosive, thereby reducing the energy density of the explosive and reducing detonation energy; and the specific heat capacity of water in the high molecular water absorbent resin is 4200J/(kg. Deg.C), so that a large amount of heat can be taken away during evaporation, and a large amount of energy on detonation wave fronts is consumed. Therefore, the expanded high molecular water-absorbent resin is added to the emulsion explosive, so that the emulsion explosive with low detonation velocity can be obtained.
In summary, compared with the existing low-detonation velocity explosive, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The inert additive added in the explosive is hydrogel, does not contain toxic and harmful substances, has low cost, and is safe and environment-friendly;
(2) The expanded high molecular water-absorbing resin is uniformly distributed in the emulsion explosive, and when the explosive explodes, water in the emulsion explosive can be evaporated to form water mist, so that the emulsion explosive has a dust-reducing effect;
(3) The explosion velocity of the low-explosion-velocity explosive has adjustability, and can meet the requirements of the explosives in the explosion fields of different projects;
(4) The water in the high molecular water-absorbing resin is expanded, so that the explosive at 80 ℃ leaving the factory can be rapidly cooled;
(5) The density of the expanded high molecular water-absorbing resin is consistent with that of the emulsion explosive, and the expanded high molecular water-absorbing resin is uniformly mixed and has uniform energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a low detonation velocity emulsion explosive, wherein 1 is an expanded high molecular water absorbent resin and 2 is an emulsion explosive.
Detailed Description
The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive of the invention is prepared by the following method:
example 1:
(1) mixing the high molecular water-absorbent resin into water according to the mass ratio of 1:20, and uniformly stirring to obtain an expanded high molecular water-absorbent resin;
(2) 324g of emulsion explosive (prepared by the method disclosed by the invention and physically sensitized by glass microspheres) is taken and heated to 80 ℃ in a constant-temperature water bath;
(3) 36g of the prepared expansion high molecular water-absorbent resin is added and stirred uniformly, thus obtaining the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive.
Control group: 360g of the emulsion explosive (physically sensitized by glass microspheres): the density is 1.20 g/m3 and the detonation velocity is 4700m/s.
See table 1 for specific performance comparisons.
TABLE 1 Performance results of the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive obtained in example 1
Claims (6)
1. The low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass: 50% -95% of emulsion explosive and 5% -50% of expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin;
the swelling high molecular water-absorbent resin consists of the following components in parts by mass: the emulsion explosive is prepared by sensitizing an emulsion matrix through a sensitizer, wherein the high-molecular water-absorbent resin comprises hydrophilic groups and synthetic resin which can absorb a large amount of water to swell and keep the water from flowing out.
2. The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 60 to 400 mesh.
3. The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive of claim 1 wherein the sensitizer is one of glass microspheres, expanded perlite, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium nitrite.
4. The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion explosive consists of the following raw materials in mass fraction: 70% -80% of ammonium nitrate; 3% -5% of a composite oil phase; 1% -3% of an emulsifier; 6% -10% of sodium nitrate; 5% -12% of water; 2% -5% of sensitizer.
5. The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive of claim 1, wherein the emulsion explosive has a density of from 1.00 to 1.25 g/m 3 The detonation velocity is 4200-5000 m/s.
6. The low detonation velocity emulsion explosive of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing an expanded high-molecular water-absorbent resin according to the mass ratio of the high-molecular water-absorbent resin to water=1:20-30 for later use;
(2) a certain amount of NH 4 NO 3 、NaNO 3 Mixing and heating water until the water is completely dissolved, and controlling the temperature to be 105-125 ℃;
(3) heating and dissolving the composite oil phase to be liquid, and controlling the temperature to be 105-125 ℃;
(4) dispersing the composite oil phase and the emulsifier in the solution in the step (2) under low-speed stirring, and heating to 105-125 ℃ to form an emulsified matrix;
(5) after the temperature is cooled to 80 ℃, adding a sensitizer for sensitization to obtain the emulsion explosive;
(6) preserving the temperature at 80 ℃, adding the prepared expanded high molecular water-absorbent resin, stirring uniformly, and cooling to below 40 ℃ to obtain the low detonation velocity emulsion explosive.
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| CN202010022217.8A CN113087583B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Low-detonation velocity emulsion explosive |
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| CN115007989B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-05-17 | 宝鸡市钛程金属复合材料有限公司 | Ultrathin large-specification titanium steel metal composite board for ship and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4104092A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1978-08-01 | Atlas Powder Company | Emulsion sensitized gelled explosive composition |
| CA2213623A1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-02-23 | Ram Narain Sinha | Method of manufacture of emulsion explosives |
| JP4000687B2 (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2007-10-31 | 日本油脂株式会社 | Method for producing explosive composition |
| CN104557348B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-04-19 | 内蒙古鄂托克旗盛安九二九化工有限责任公司 | Water-containing ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and preparation process thereof |
| CN108467328A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-31 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of rollable blasting explosive for explosion welding |
| CN113087581B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-09-29 | 西南科技大学 | Liquid explosive with medium and low detonation velocity and preparation process thereof |
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