CN113087547B - Glaze firing process method for ceramic ware - Google Patents
Glaze firing process method for ceramic ware Download PDFInfo
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
The invention provides a glaze firing process method of ceramic ware, which comprises the steps of applying ground coat on the surface of a ceramic green body, carrying out glaze firing at high temperature, then applying surface glaze on the surface of the ground coat, and carrying out glaze firing at low temperature; wherein the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling silicon dioxide, coal gangue powder and potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by calcining tourmaline powder, gallium nitride powder and heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile to prepare composite graphene, compounding the composite graphene with medical stone powder to obtain a filler, and finally ball-milling and mixing the filler and silicon dioxide. The glaze firing process method is simple, the glaze surface is high in glossiness, good in wear resistance and thermal shock resistance and good in use experience, can promote the generation of negative ions, and plays a role in bacteriostasis and health care.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic ware processing, in particular to a glaze firing process method for a ceramic ware.
Background
Ceramic utensils are used quite frequently in daily life, such as ceramic tableware, tea sets and the like. The ceramic utensil has stable chemical property, is durable, has the capability of resisting acid, alkali, salt and carbon acid gas in the atmosphere, is not easy to generate chemical reaction, can not rust and age, has better aesthetic property, and is cleaner, cleaner and easy to clean.
With the improvement of living standard, people put forward higher requirements on the appearance and the quality of ceramic utensils, such as indexes of wear resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like. Among these, hardness is directly related to whether the ceramic ware is easily scratched in daily use, which is very important for the user experience of the ceramic ware. The thermal shock resistance is that the ceramic ware is thrown into low-temperature water at high temperature without breaking, and the index reflects the breakage resistance of the ceramic ware and determines the service performance of the ceramic ware.
In addition, because the diet of people in the modern society is inclined to high-fat intake, acid-base balance in human bodies is damaged, a large amount of acidic substances are deposited, and excessive acidic substances in the bodies are important inducing factors for causing modern civilization diseases and noble diseases, proper health care functions are very necessary for ceramic utensils.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a glaze firing process method for ceramic utensils, which aims to solve the technical problems of poor use experience, poor health care performance and the like of the ceramic utensils.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a glaze firing process method of a ceramic vessel, which comprises the steps of applying a ground glaze on the surface of a ceramic green body, performing glaze firing at 1100-1200 ℃ for 120-140 minutes, then applying a surface glaze on the surface of the ground glaze, and performing glaze firing at 700-750 ℃ for 50-70 minutes; the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon dioxide, 30-35 parts of coal gangue powder and 20-25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by the following method in parts by weight:
(1) adding 1 part of tourmaline powder, 0.1-0.2 part of gallium nitride powder and 2-3 parts of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 5-7 parts of solvent, stirring and mixing uniformly, and calcining at 1700-1800 ℃ for 6-8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) modifying 12-14 parts of medical stone powder by using gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) performing ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 80-90 parts of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
Preferably, the ceramic green body is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: respectively crushing 20 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of alumina, 5-8 parts of sodium bentonite and 2-3 parts of dolomite, mixing, transferring into a ball mill, adding water, uniformly mixing to prepare pug, sealing, standing for 30-35 hours, pugging to prepare blank mud, forming, drying, and firing in a kiln to obtain the ceramic green body.
Further preferably, the firing process conditions are as follows: firing at 800-850 ℃ for 8-10 hours.
Preferably, the thickness of the ground glaze is 0.5-0.6 mm, and the thickness of the overglaze is 0.25-0.35 mm.
Preferably, the ground coat is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the raw materials to 100-200 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (1), the liquid polyacrylonitrile is acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate in a monomer ratio of 1: 1, the relative molecular weight of the copolymer is 10000-12000.
Preferably, in the step (1), the heat treatment method of the liquid polyacrylonitrile comprises: stirring liquid polyacrylonitrile at 220-230 ℃ for 15-17 hours to partially cyclize the polyacrylonitrile, then heating to 280-290 ℃, stirring for 5-6 hours to thermally oxidize the polyacrylonitrile.
Preferably, in the step (1), the solvent is a mixture of n-hexanol and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the n-hexanol to the ethanol is 0.2-0.3: 1.
preferably, the specific method of the step (2) comprises the following steps in parts by weight: adding 1 part of composite graphene and 0.001-0.002 part of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.5-0.7 part of acrylamide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20-30%, and performing ultrasonic oscillation at 400-500W for 30-40 minutes to obtain a premixed solution; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction, thus obtaining the modified composite graphene.
Further preferably, the ultraviolet irradiation time is 2 to 3 hours.
Preferably, the specific method of step (3) is: adding medical stone into gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane which is 5-6 times of the weight of the medical stone, stirring and reacting for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain the modified medical stone powder.
Preferably, the specific method of step (4) is: the preparation method comprises the steps of firstly adding modified composite graphene and modified medical stone powder into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30-40%, stirring and reacting for 14-16 hours at 85-95 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, washing to be neutral, and drying for 24 hours at 40 ℃.
Further preferably, the dosage of the potassium hydroxide solution is 5-7 times of the weight of the modified medical stone powder.
Preferably, in the step (5), the mixture is ball-milled to 400-500 meshes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
applying ground glaze on the surface of a ceramic green body, performing high-temperature glaze firing, then applying surface glaze on the surface of the ground glaze, and performing low-temperature glaze firing; wherein the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling silicon dioxide, coal gangue powder and potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by calcining tourmaline powder, gallium nitride powder and heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile to prepare composite graphene, compounding the composite graphene with medical stone powder to obtain a filler, and finally ball-milling and mixing the filler and silicon dioxide. The glaze firing process method is simple, the glaze surface is high in glossiness, good in abrasive resistance and thermal shock resistance and good in use experience, can promote the generation of negative ions, and plays a role in bacteriostasis and health care.
The ceramic green body is prepared by taking silicon dioxide, alumina, sodium bentonite and dolomite as raw materials, wherein the silicon dioxide and the alumina can form a mullite phase and are hard; the sodium bentonite has good plasticity, fineness, collision resistance and soft quality; the dolomite has a fluxing action, promotes the hard and soft components to be fully fused and densified, and ensures that the ceramic ware has certain mechanical strength.
The ground coat is prepared by mixing and ball-milling silicon dioxide, coal gangue powder and potassium fluoroaluminate serving as raw materials, wherein fluorine in the potassium fluoroaluminate can form a silicon-fluorine bond with silicon in the silicon dioxide in the firing process, so that the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of the ceramic ware are improved. The coal gangue powder contains alumina which can form mullite phase with silicon dioxide, so that the wear resistance is further improved, and the coal gangue powder is rich in pores, so that the stress is released, and the thermal shock resistance of the product is improved.
The overglaze is prepared by the following method: firstly, calcining tourmaline powder, gallium nitride powder and heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile to prepare composite graphene; then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene, and introducing an amide group; then, the medical stone powder is modified by gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder, and an epoxy group is introduced; performing ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler (the composite graphene and the medical stone powder are respectively modified by introducing an amide group and an epoxy group, and the compounding is realized by virtue of the cycloaddition reaction between the amide group and the epoxy group, so that compared with direct mixing, the uniformity is better, the effect exertion of each component is prevented from being influenced, and the product quality is further influenced); and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and the silicon dioxide to obtain the silicon dioxide. The medical stone has a large specific surface area and extremely strong adsorption capacity on bacteria, and the tourmaline emits far infrared rays to promote the gallium nitride to release more negative ions, so that the tourmaline has a positive synergistic effect on the negative ion release of the gallium nitride, and further has a bacteriostatic action under the action of a large amount of negative ions and a health-care effect on a human body. However, the medical stone is soft and has poor wear resistance, the graphene is compounded, the graphene has excellent wear resistance, the two-dimensional sheet structure of the graphene is covered on the surface of the medical stone or is doped between the medical stones after the graphene and the medical stone are compounded, and the wear resistance of the product is greatly improved due to the sliding effect of the sheet structure. Meanwhile, the pore structure of the medical stone is also beneficial to stress release, and the thermal shock resistance of the product is further improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1:
a glaze firing process method of ceramic ware comprises the steps of applying a ground coat on the surface of a ceramic green body, glaze firing at 1100 ℃ for 140 minutes, then applying a surface glaze on the surface of the ground coat, and glaze firing at 700 ℃ for 70 minutes; the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the following components: 100kg of silicon dioxide, 30kg of coal gangue powder and 25kg of potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by the following method:
(1) firstly, adding 1kg of tourmaline powder, 0.1kg of gallium nitride powder and 3kg of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 5kg of solvent, uniformly stirring, and calcining at 1800 ℃ for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) then, 14kg of medical stone powder is modified by gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) performing ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 80kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The ceramic green body is prepared by the following method: respectively crushing 20kg of silicon dioxide, 30kg of alumina, 8kg of sodium bentonite and 2kg of dolomite, mixing, transferring into a ball mill, adding water, uniformly mixing to prepare pug, sealing, standing for 35 hours, pugging to prepare blank mud, forming, drying, and firing in a kiln to obtain the ceramic green body.
The firing process conditions are as follows: firing at 800 ℃ for 10 hours.
The thickness of the ground glaze is 0.5mm, and the thickness of the overglaze is 0.35 mm.
The ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling raw materials to 100 meshes.
In the step (1), the liquid polyacrylonitrile is prepared by mixing acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate according to a monomer ratio of 1: 1, the relative molecular weight of which is 12000.
In the step (1), the heat treatment method of the liquid polyacrylonitrile comprises the following steps: the liquid polyacrylonitrile was stirred at 220 ℃ for 17 hours to partially cyclize it, then heated to 280 ℃ and stirred for 6 hours to thermally oxidize it.
In the step (1), the solvent is a mixture of n-hexanol and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the n-hexanol to the ethanol is 0.2: 1.
the specific method of the step (2) is as follows: adding 1kg of composite graphene and 0.002kg of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.5kg of acrylamide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 30%, and carrying out 400W ultrasonic oscillation for 40 minutes to obtain a premixed solution; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction, thus obtaining the modified composite graphene. The UV irradiation time was 2 hours.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: adding Maifanitum into 6 times of gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, stirring at 80 deg.C for 7 hr, and centrifuging to obtain modified Maifanitum powder.
The specific method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: firstly, adding modified composite graphene and modified medical stone powder into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30%, stirring and reacting for 14 hours at 95 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, washing to be neutral, and drying for 24 hours at 40 ℃. The amount of the potassium hydroxide solution is 7 times of the weight of the modified medical stone powder.
In the step (5), ball milling is carried out to 400 meshes.
Example 2:
a glaze firing process method of ceramic ware comprises the steps of applying base glaze on the surface of a ceramic green body, performing glaze firing at 1200 ℃ for 120 minutes, then applying surface glaze on the surface of the base glaze, and performing glaze firing at 750 ℃ for 50 minutes; the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the following components: 100kg of silicon dioxide, 35kg of coal gangue powder and 20kg of potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding 1kg of tourmaline powder, 0.2kg of gallium nitride powder and 2kg of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 7kg of solvent, uniformly stirring, and calcining at 1700 ℃ for 8 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) then, 12kg of medical stone powder is modified by gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) performing ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 90kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The ceramic green body is prepared by the following method: respectively crushing 20kg of silicon dioxide, 30kg of alumina, 5kg of sodium bentonite and 3kg of dolomite, mixing, transferring the mixture into a ball mill, adding water, uniformly mixing to prepare pug, sealing, standing for 30 hours, pugging to prepare blank mud, forming, drying, and firing in a kiln to obtain the ceramic green body.
The firing process conditions are as follows: firing at 850 ℃ for 8 hours.
The thickness of the ground glaze is 0.6mm, and the thickness of the overglaze is 0.25 mm.
The ground glaze is obtained by mixing and ball-milling the raw materials to 200 meshes.
In the step (1), the liquid polyacrylonitrile is prepared by mixing acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate according to a monomer ratio of 1: 1 the resulting copolymer had a relative molecular weight of 10000.
In the step (1), the heat treatment method of the liquid polyacrylonitrile comprises the following steps: the liquid polyacrylonitrile was stirred at 230 ℃ for 15 hours to partially cyclize it, then heated to 290 ℃ and stirred for 5 hours to thermally oxidize it.
In the step (1), the solvent is a mixture of n-hexanol and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the n-hexanol to the ethanol is 0.3: 1.
the specific method of the step (2) is as follows: firstly, adding 1kg of composite graphene and 0.001kg of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.7kg of acrylamide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20%, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation at 500W for 30 minutes to obtain a premixed solution; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction, thus obtaining the modified composite graphene. The UV irradiation time was 3 hours.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: adding Maifanitum into 5 times of gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, stirring at 90 deg.C for 5 hr, and centrifuging to obtain modified Maifanitum powder.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows: the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder are added into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 40%, stirred and reacted for 16 hours at 85 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, washed to be neutral by water, and dried for 24 hours at 40 ℃. The dosage of the potassium hydroxide solution is 5 times of the weight of the modified medical stone powder.
In the step (5), ball milling is carried out to 500 meshes.
Example 3:
a glaze firing process method of ceramic ware comprises the steps of applying base glaze on the surface of a ceramic green body, performing glaze firing at 1150 ℃ for 130 minutes, then applying surface glaze on the surface of the base glaze, and performing glaze firing at 720 ℃ for 60 minutes; the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the following components: 100kg of silicon dioxide, 32kg of coal gangue powder and 22kg of potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by the following method:
(1) firstly, adding 1kg of tourmaline powder, 0.15kg of gallium nitride powder and 2.5kg of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 6kg of solvent, uniformly stirring, and calcining at 1750 ℃ for 7 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) then, 13kg of medical stone powder is modified by gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) performing ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 85kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The ceramic green body is prepared by the following method: respectively crushing 20kg of silicon dioxide, 30kg of alumina, 6kg of sodium bentonite and 2.5kg of dolomite, mixing, transferring into a ball mill, adding water, uniformly mixing to prepare pug, sealing, standing for 33 hours, pugging to prepare blank mud, forming, drying, and firing in a kiln to obtain the ceramic green body.
The firing process conditions are as follows: firing at 820 ℃ for 9 hours.
The thickness of the ground glaze is 0.55mm, and the thickness of the overglaze is 0.3 mm.
The ground glaze is obtained by mixing and ball-milling the raw materials to 200 meshes.
In the step (1), the liquid polyacrylonitrile is acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, and the monomer ratio is 1: 1, the relative molecular weight of which is 11000.
In the step (1), the heat treatment method of the liquid polyacrylonitrile comprises the following steps: the liquid polyacrylonitrile was stirred at 225 ℃ for 16 hours to partially cyclize it, then heated to 285 ℃ and stirred for 5.5 hours to thermally oxidize it.
In the step (1), the solvent is a mixture of n-hexanol and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the n-hexanol to the ethanol is 0.25: 1.
the specific method of the step (2) is as follows: adding 1kg of composite graphene and 0.0015kg of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.6kg of 25% acrylamide aqueous solution with mass concentration, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation at 500W for 35 minutes to obtain a premixed solution; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction, thus obtaining the modified composite graphene. The UV irradiation time was 2.5 hours.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: adding Maifanitum into 5.5 times of gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, stirring at 85 deg.C for reaction for 6 hr, and centrifuging to obtain modified Maifanitum powder.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows: the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder are added into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 35%, stirred and reacted for 15 hours at 90 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, washed to be neutral by water, and dried for 24 hours at 40 ℃. The dosage of the potassium hydroxide solution is 6 times of the weight of the modified medical stone powder.
In the step (5), ball milling is carried out to 500 meshes.
Comparative example 1
Coal gangue powder is omitted when the ground glaze is prepared;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
Omitting gallium nitride powder when preparing overglaze;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The overglaze is prepared by the following method:
(1) 1kg of tourmaline powder and 0.1kg of gallium nitride powder are directly and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the mixture to obtain a modified mixture;
(3) then, 14kg of medical stone powder is modified by gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) then carrying out ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 80kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The specific method of the step (2) is as follows: adding 1kg of mixture and 0.0015kg of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.6kg of 25% acrylamide aqueous solution with mass concentration, and oscillating for 35 minutes by 500W ultrasonic waves to obtain premixed liquid; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction to obtain the modified mixture. The UV irradiation time was 2.5 hours.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
The overglaze is prepared by the following method:
(1) firstly, adding 1kg of tourmaline powder, 0.1kg of gallium nitride powder and 3kg of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 5kg of solvent, uniformly stirring, and calcining at 1800 ℃ for 6 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the modified composite graphene and 80kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
The overglaze is prepared by the following method: ball-milling and mixing 1kg of tourmaline powder, 0.1kg of gallium nitride powder, 14kg of medical stone powder and 80kg of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Test examples
The ceramic ware obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 is subjected to performance detection, including glossiness, thermal shock resistance, wear resistance, antibacterial property and the like, and the results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the glossiness is detected by referring to GB/T3532-2009.
And the thermal shock resistance is detected by referring to GB/T3298-.
The bacteriostatic activity is detected by referring to JC/T897-2014.
The method for detecting the wear resistance comprises the following steps: the abrasion degree R is used for representing, the measuring method is that water is used as a medium, a ceramic vessel with the thickness of 1cm multiplied by 1cm is placed on a JZ7502 type grinding wheel wet abrasion tester and is adopted with an R2A. B250 atmospheric vent of TL80A green silicon carbide grinding wheel having a structure is ground at a load of 40N at a rotation speed of 98r/min for a grinding pass of 300 revolutions, and then the amount of wear per unit area is measured and calculated by the following formula: r ═ M1-M2)/S, where M1 is the pre-grind mass (g) of the sample; m2 is the milled mass (g) of the sample; s is the ground area (cm) of the sample 2 ). The test values are expressed as arithmetic means and variances for several groups of samples.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the ceramic ware obtained in examples 1 to 3 has high glossiness, good thermal shock resistance, good wear resistance and good antibacterial property.
Comparative example 1 coal gangue powder is omitted when the ground glaze is prepared, the thermal shock resistance of the product is obviously deteriorated, which shows that the addition of the coal gangue powder is beneficial to stress release, and further the thermal shock resistance is improved; comparative example 2 omitting gallium nitride powder when preparing overglaze, the bacteriostatic activity of the product is obviously worsened, which shows that the addition of gallium nitride is helpful to promote tourmaline powder to generate more negative ions and strengthen the bacteriostatic activity; comparative example 3 the process of converting polyacrylonitrile into graphene is omitted when overglaze is prepared, the thermal shock resistance, bacterial inhibition and wear resistance of the product are obviously deteriorated, which shows that the introduction of graphene further improves the thermal shock resistance and bacterial inhibition, and simultaneously improves the wear resistance; comparative example 4 in the preparation of overglaze omitted Maifanitum powder, the product gloss, thermal shock resistance, antibacterial activity obviously worsened, show that Maifanitum is favorable to the improvement of gloss, and the thermal shock resistance and antibacterial activity are improved by virtue of its pore structure; comparative example 5 when the overglaze is prepared, the direct mixing method is adopted, the gloss, the thermal shock resistance, the wear resistance, the antibacterial activity and the like of the product are obviously deteriorated, and the chemical bonding is more favorable for improving various properties of the product.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A glaze firing process method of ceramic ware is characterized in that a ground coat is applied on the surface of a ceramic green body, glaze firing is carried out for 120-140 minutes at 1100-1200 ℃, then a surface glaze is applied on the surface of the ground coat, and glaze firing is carried out for 50-70 minutes at 700-750 ℃; the ground glaze is prepared by mixing and ball-milling the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon dioxide, 30-35 parts of coal gangue powder and 20-25 parts of potassium fluoroaluminate; the overglaze is prepared by the following method in parts by weight:
(1) adding 1 part of tourmaline powder, 0.1-0.2 part of gallium nitride powder and 2-3 parts of heat-treated liquid polyacrylonitrile into 5-7 parts of solvent, stirring and mixing uniformly, and calcining at 1700-1800 ℃ for 6-8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain composite graphene;
(2) then, performing polyacrylamide modification on the composite graphene to obtain modified composite graphene;
(3) modifying 12-14 parts of medical stone powder by using gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane to obtain modified medical stone powder;
(4) then carrying out ring-opening addition reaction on the modified composite graphene and the modified medical stone powder to obtain a filler;
(5) and finally, ball-milling and mixing the filler and 80-90 parts of silicon dioxide to obtain the overglaze.
2. The ceramic ware glaze firing process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ceramic green body is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: respectively crushing 20 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of alumina, 5-8 parts of sodium bentonite and 2-3 parts of dolomite, mixing, transferring into a ball mill, adding water, uniformly mixing to prepare pug, sealing, standing for 30-35 hours, pugging to prepare blank mud, forming, drying, and firing in a kiln to obtain the ceramic green body.
3. The glaze firing process of a ceramic vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ground glaze is 0.5 to 0.6mm, and the thickness of the overglaze is 0.25 to 0.35 mm.
4. The glaze firing process method of ceramic ware as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the liquid polyacrylonitrile is acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate in a monomer ratio of 1: 1, the relative molecular weight of the copolymer is 10000-12000.
5. The ceramic vessel glaze firing process method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the heat treatment method of the liquid polyacrylonitrile is: stirring liquid polyacrylonitrile at 220-230 ℃ for 15-17 hours to partially cyclize the polyacrylonitrile, then heating to 280-290 ℃, stirring for 5-6 hours to thermally oxidize the polyacrylonitrile.
6. The glaze firing process method for ceramic wares of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the solvent is a mixture of n-hexanol and ethanol, and the volume ratio of the two is 0.2-0.3: 1.
7. the ceramic ware glaze firing process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the concrete method of the step (2) is as follows in parts by weight: adding 1 part of composite graphene and 0.001-0.002 part of 4-isopropyl thioxanthone into 0.5-0.7 part of acrylamide aqueous solution with mass concentration of 20-30%, and performing ultrasonic oscillation at 400-500W for 30-40 minutes to obtain premixed liquid; and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to initiate acrylamide polymerization reaction, thus obtaining the modified composite graphene.
8. The glaze firing process method for ceramic ware as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of step (3) is as follows: adding medical stone into gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane which is 5-6 times of the weight of the medical stone, stirring and reacting for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain the modified medical stone powder.
9. The glaze firing process method for ceramic ware as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of step (4) is as follows: the preparation method comprises the steps of firstly adding modified composite graphene and modified medical stone powder into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30-40%, stirring and reacting for 14-16 hours at 85-95 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, washing to be neutral, and drying for 24 hours at 40 ℃.
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