CN113084313B - Argon tungsten-arc welding process for steel for ultra-supercritical boiler - Google Patents
Argon tungsten-arc welding process for steel for ultra-supercritical boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084313B CN113084313B CN202110236099.5A CN202110236099A CN113084313B CN 113084313 B CN113084313 B CN 113084313B CN 202110236099 A CN202110236099 A CN 202110236099A CN 113084313 B CN113084313 B CN 113084313B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tungsten electrode argon arc welding process for steel for an ultra-supercritical boiler, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of preheating a base metal by using a flame gun before welding, wherein the preheating temperature is about 100 ℃, a welding joint adopts a V-shaped groove with two sides close to 40 degrees, the butt joint mode is adopted, the two ends of a welding line before welding are positioned by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding spot welding, backing welding is carried out by adopting small current of argon tungsten-arc (I is 50A), then the welding current is increased to 70A, single-side welding and double-side forming are carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, after the welding is finished, welding deformation correction is carried out by adopting small current of I is 40A to increase the welding line, argon double-side protection is adopted in the whole welding process, the argon flow for back protection is set to be 20L/min, and the argon flow for front protection is set to be 15L/min. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler has the advantages of small welding deformation, no crack in welding seams and capability of obtaining a welding joint with good obdurability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a tungsten electrode argon arc welding process for welding steel for an ultra-supercritical boiler by using a solid welding wire.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the power industry, thermal power boilers are developing toward high-parameter and high-capacity boilers. According to the policy of the national electric power department, small and medium-sized coal-fired units are gradually eliminated in the early century and are changed into large units of 200MW and 300 MW. However, with the development of high parameters and large capacity, the maximum wall temperature of a high-temperature reheater and a superheater of the unit is as high as 600 ℃, the oxidation resistance and the high-temperature strength of the originally used 12CrlMoV exceed the use temperature, and thus higher requirements are imposed on boiler materials.
HR6W steel has excellent comprehensive performance, such as high temperature endurance strength, high creep performance and allowable stress, and thus has excellent economic performance and wide application in heat-engine plant. The pipeline is mainly used for pipelines of a superheater and a reheater in a power plant boiler, a header and a steam pipeline (a main steam pipeline and a reheater steam pipeline) under the condition of high-temperature steam and a heating furnace pipeline in the petrochemical industry, and can bear steam pressure of more than 24MPa, and the temperature of more than 600 ℃ and even as high as 650 ℃ under the working condition. Because of small thermal expansion coefficient and high heat conduction efficiency, the steel pipe manufactured by the material can meet the use requirement under the condition of reduced wall thickness, thereby reducing the weight of the whole pipeline system, reducing the cost of a supporting structure and a supporting and hanging bracket structure, and saving resources.
After adopting the new material HR6W steel, the method plays a great role in improving the working efficiency of the generating set of the thermal power plant, and is also helpful for improving the economic efficiency of the power industry with the annual consumption of more than half of the total coal. The research on the performance of HR6W steel and the research on the weldability of the steel, including preheating temperature, welding material, welding heat crack sensitivity, crack type, tensile creep property of welded parts, etc. form a mature process at present, but the process does not completely meet the current situation of most boilers to be reformed in China, and in economic consideration, the cost of a large amount of imported welding materials is huge. Therefore, the research on the welding process is very necessary and has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide the argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler, the welding seam obtained by the welding process is attractive in shape, fine and smooth in corrugation, small in splashing, high in joint welding strength, free of cracks and capable of prolonging the service life of the welding structure.
A tungsten electrode argon arc welding process for steel for an ultra-supercritical boiler comprises the following steps:
(1) preheating a base material before welding, wherein a solid welding wire is adopted as the welding wire, and the two ends of a welding line are positioned by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding;
(2) firstly, backing welding is carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc current I as 50A; then the welding current is increased to 70A, single-side welding and double-side forming are carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc multilayer multi-pass welding, and the interlayer temperature is controlled within 100 ℃;
(3) after welding, performing welding deformation correction on the back weld seam by adding a welding seam on the back weld seam by using argon tungsten-arc current I which is 40A;
argon double-side protection is adopted in the whole welding process, and the welding speed is 10-12 mm/min.
The invention adopts 50A small current tungsten electrode argon arc to carry out backing welding; adopting 70A argon tungsten-arc welding with current I to perform single-side welding and double-side forming; after the welding is finished, welding deformation correction is carried out on the back welding seam by adopting a welding seam with the current increased by 40A. The low-current slow welding determines that the energy of a welding line is small, the welding bead can be kept to be attractive in forming, the corrugation is fine and smooth, the deformation is small, the back surface only needs to be corrected by the low-current welding increasing, and the deformation of a weldment can be effectively reduced.
Preferably, the preheating temperature in the step 1 is 100 ℃, the welding joint adopts a V-shaped groove with 40 degrees of two sides, the butt joint mode is adopted, and the two ends of the welding line before welding are positioned by argon tungsten-arc welding.
Preferably, the welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.023% of C, 0.081% of Mn, 0.061% of Si, 8.17% of Mo, 61.81% of Ni, S: 0.003%, P0.001%, Cr 21.41%, V0.35%, Nb 3.38%, Cu 0.30%, Co 0.007%, and Fe in balance. The alloy components of the welding wire are matched with the base metal, and the welding wire has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
Preferably, the welding wire needs to be dried before use, and is stored in a constant temperature box at about 100-130 ℃ after being dried, if the lead time exceeds 4 hours, the welding wire needs to be re-baked, and the re-baking time is not more than 2 times.
Preferably, argon double-sided protection is adopted in the whole welding process, the argon flow for back protection is set to be 20L/min, the argon flow for front protection is set to be 15L/min, argon is introduced before welding, and the argon delivery is finished after delaying after welding.
Preferably, when the step 2 welds a plurality of layers and a plurality of tracks, the checking and the cleaning between the layers are carried out thoroughly, and the tracks of each layer are staggered.
Preferably, after the bottoming welding in the step 2 is completed, penetration inspection is firstly carried out, welding is continued after the welding is qualified, penetration inspection is carried out after three layers are welded, welding is continued after the welding is qualified, and penetration inspection is carried out after the welding is completed.
Preferably, after the step 2 is finished, the back weld joint is polished, and then the step 3 is performed.
Preferably, during the welding process, the arc crater is filled when the arc is closed, and after the arc is closed, the arc crater is inspected, and the micro-cracks are polished and removed.
Preferably, the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler is HR6W steel flat plate.
Compared with the prior art, the argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler is used for the new material HR6W steel, plays a great role in improving the working efficiency of a generating set of a thermal power plant, and is also helpful for improving the economic efficiency of the power industry with the annual consumption of more than half of the total coal. The invention adopts an operation method of small linear energy, short electric arc and micro-swing as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the penetration of the welding. The welding seam positioning welding adopts a root positioning welding seam form, and the length, the thickness and the interval of the welding seam of the positioning welding ensure that the welding seam does not crack in the welding process. When the welding seam is welded in multiple layers, the low-current multi-layer and multi-pass welding is adopted. The obtained welding has small deformation, no crack in the welding seam and good toughness of the obtained welding joint.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of a base material according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a bonding interface according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph of a weld according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A welding process of HR6W steel flat plate solid welding wire argon tungsten-arc butt welding comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning before welding: the method specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) cleaning impurities such as oil, paint, rust, scale, burrs and the like in the range of 50mm on the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the groove by using an angular polishing machine, and avoiding the defects such as cracks, interlayers and the like.
(2) And (3) drying the welding wire: the welding wire is a solid welding wire, and the welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.023%, Mn: 0.081%, Si: 0.061%, Mo: 8.17%, Ni, 61.81%, S: 0.003%, P: 0.001%, Cr 21.41%, V0.35%, Nb 3.38%, Cu 0.30%, Co 0.007%, and the balance Fe. The alloy components of the welding wire are matched with the base metal, the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding wire is good, the welding wire needs to be dried before use, the drying temperature is set to be 100 ℃, the welding wire is stored in a constant temperature box at about 100-130 ℃ after being dried, if the receiving time exceeds 4 hours, the welding wire needs to be baked again, and the number of times of re-baking does not exceed 2.
(3) And (3) preheating the parent body by adopting a flame gun before welding, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃.
(4) The welding joint adopts a bilateral 40-degree V-shaped groove and a butt joint mode, and the two ends of the welding joint before welding are positioned by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding for spot welding. The welding seam positioning welding adopts a root positioning welding seam form, and the length, the thickness and the interval of the welding seam of the positioning welding can ensure that the welding seam does not crack in the welding process.
(5) Welding: on the premise of ensuring the penetration of the welding, an operation method of small linear energy, short electric arc and micro-swing is adopted as much as possible. When the welding seam is welded in multiple layers, the low-current multi-layer and multi-pass welding is adopted. The interlayer temperature is controlled below 100 ℃, the interlayer temperature is strictly controlled, an infrared thermometer is adopted for measurement, and the next layer of welding can be carried out when the temperature is lower than 100 ℃. The interlayer inspection needs to be careful and the cleaning needs to be thorough, and all the channels of each layer need to be staggered.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, backing welding is carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding with small current I equal to 50A, then welding current is increased to 70A, single-side welding and double-side forming are carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, after welding is finished, grinding wheel polishing is carried out on a back side welding line, and welding deformation correction is carried out by adopting small current I equal to 40A to increase welding for one welding line. After the bottom of the weld is finished by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, firstly, performing infiltration inspection to see whether cracks exist, after the weld is qualified, continuing welding by using argon tungsten-arc welding, after three layers of weld are finished by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, performing infiltration inspection, after welding, cleaning up sundries on the surface of the weld, and performing infiltration inspection again.
Argon tungsten-arc welding is adopted in the whole welding process, argon double-sided protection is adopted in the process, the argon flow for back protection is set to be 20L/min, argon is sent 5s in advance before welding, the argon is sent after 5s is delayed after the welding is finished, the argon flow for front protection is set to be 15L/min, and the welding speed is kept to be 12 mm/s.
During welding, the arc striking and arc stopping quality is ensured, and arc pits are filled during arc stopping. After arc is closed, the arc pits are carefully inspected, and the micro cracks are polished to be removed when being found.
In the above embodiment, specifically, the requirements on the welding environment include: weather is not rainy or snowy; the ambient temperature is more than 0 ℃; the air humidity is less than 80%; the wind speed is lower than 2 m/s.
By adopting the welding process, the welding bead of the obtained welding joint is attractive in forming, fine and smooth in corrugation (figure 1) and good in microstructure (figures 2 and 3).
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the present invention, wherein:
(1) welding seams 1: welding current I is 50A, the welding speed is 10mm/min, and backing welding is carried out;
(2) welds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: welding current I is 70A, the welding speed is 12mm/min, and backing welding is carried out;
(3) back weld 7: welding current I is 40A, welding speed is 12mm/min, and deformation is corrected.
The welding process of the invention is adopted to weld 4 pairs of HR6W circular seam butt joints, and 100% RT nondestructive inspection is carried out on the 4 pairs of butt joints according to JB/T4730-2005 after welding. The 4 pairs of butt joints are all qualified through inspection, and the qualification rate is 100%. The results show that the weldability of HR6W steel is good and the manufacturability of the selected welding wire is good.
The results of the room temperature tensile test of the welded joint are shown in table 1. From the test results, it can be seen that the fracture positions of the samples are all on the base material, indicating that the room temperature strength of the welding material is higher than that of the base material.
TABLE 1 room temperature tensile test results for HR6W weld joints
Note: the room-temperature tensile specimen size was JIS Z220114A Φ 6X 30G.L. longitudinal direction.
The results of the weld joint bending performance test are shown in table 2. The test is carried out according to the stricter D-3T and alpha-180 degrees, the HR6W welding joint D-3T and alpha-180 degrees are all qualified, and the extension performance of the HR6W welding joint is good.
TABLE 2 HR6W weld joint bending test results
The bending test of the welding joint is as follows according to the ASME standard: d is 4T alpha is 180 degrees, and the requirements of the supervision regulation according to the boiler safety technology are as follows: d is 3T and α is 90 °.
The results of the impact property test of the welded joint are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 impact test results (J) for HR6W welded joints
The test result shows that: the impact toughness of the HR6W weld joint was good.
The results of the hardness test of the welded joint are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 hardness test results of HR6W welded joint (HV10)
The hardness test result of the welding joint shows that: the hardness of the weld joint of the HR6W welding joint in the welding state is higher than that of the base material and the heat affected zone and is still in a better range.
Claims (9)
1. A tungsten electrode argon arc welding process for steel for an ultra-supercritical boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preheating a base material before welding, wherein a solid welding wire is adopted as the welding wire, the two ends of a welding seam are positioned by argon tungsten-arc welding spot welding, and a welding joint adopts a double-side V-shaped groove;
step 2: firstly, backing welding is carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc current I as 50A; then the welding current is increased to 70A, single-side welding and double-side forming are carried out by adopting argon tungsten-arc multilayer multi-pass welding, and the interlayer temperature is controlled within 100 ℃;
and step 3: after welding, performing welding deformation correction on the back weld seam by adding a welding seam on the back weld seam by using argon tungsten-arc current I which is 40A;
argon double-side protection is adopted in the whole welding process, and the welding speed is 10-12 mm/min;
the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler is HR6W steel.
2. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used for the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature in the step 1 is 100 ℃, a double-sided 40-degree V-shaped groove is adopted for a welding joint, a butt joint mode is adopted, and two ends of a welding line before welding are positioned by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding.
3. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used for the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.023% of C, 0.081% of Mn, 0.061% of Si, 8.17% of Mo, 61.81% of Ni, S: 0.003%, P0.001%, Cr 21.41%, V0.35%, Nb 3.38%, Cu 0.30%, Co 0.007%, and Fe in balance.
4. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel for the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that the welding wire needs to be dried before use, the welding wire is stored in a constant temperature box with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ after being dried, if the lead time exceeds 4 hours, the welding wire needs to be re-baked, and the re-baking time is not more than 2 times.
5. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used in the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that argon double-sided protection is adopted in the whole welding process, the argon flow for back protection is set to be 20L/min, the argon flow for front protection is set to be 15L/min, argon is introduced before welding, and argon feeding is finished after delaying after welding.
6. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used in the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the welding is carried out on a plurality of layers and a plurality of channels, the layers are thoroughly cleaned, and the channels of each layer are staggered.
7. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used in the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1, wherein the penetration inspection is performed after the backing welding in step 2 is completed, the welding is continued after the welding is qualified, the penetration inspection is performed after three layers are welded, the welding is continued after the welding is qualified, and the penetration inspection is performed after the welding is completed.
8. The argon tungsten-arc welding process for the steel used for the ultra-supercritical boiler according to claim 1, wherein after the step 2 is finished, the back weld is ground, and then the step 3 is performed.
9. The argon tungsten arc welding process for the steel used in the ultra supercritical boiler according to claim 1, wherein during welding, the arc crater is filled during arc closing, and after the arc closing, the arc crater is inspected, and micro cracks are polished and removed.
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| JP5146576B1 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-20 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Ni-base heat-resistant alloy |
| JP5825210B2 (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2015-12-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Pulse gas shielded arc welding method |
| CN103862147B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-12-09 | 山东大学 | The silk filling pulsed tungsten argon arc weld(ing) technique of molybdenum-copper and nickel base superalloy |
| CN105689919B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-10-30 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of nickel-base alloy bare welding filler metal that weld(ing) deposit can recrystallize |
| CN108213657A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-29 | 江苏大秦电气有限公司 | A kind of assembled welding process method of P92 heat resisting steel |
| CN108723637B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-12-08 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Nickel-iron-based welding wire for 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical power station boiler |
| CN108788405A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | 天津大学 | The tungsten argon arc welding method of austenitic heat-resistance steel |
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