CN113084063A - Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same - Google Patents
Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084063A CN113084063A CN202010018455.1A CN202010018455A CN113084063A CN 113084063 A CN113084063 A CN 113084063A CN 202010018455 A CN202010018455 A CN 202010018455A CN 113084063 A CN113084063 A CN 113084063A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a die forging method of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging, which mainly comprises the following steps: primary die forging, homogenizing annealing, secondary die forging, solid solution and quenching, tertiary die forging, deep cooling and aging treatment. The spray deposition ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy which is easy to crack and cannot be formed in the forging process is subjected to die forging forming, and the residual stress of the material is further reduced through cold deformation and aging heat treatment, so that the material is not deformed and cracked in subsequent storage and processing. The method has the advantages of simple process, operability and low requirement on equipment, overcomes the technical problem which is difficult to solve for a long time in the field of processing the spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, can effectively improve the application range of the spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, and is suitable for industrial production and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a die forging method and application of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging and a die forging manufactured by the same.
Background
The jet deposition technology is different from the traditional metallurgical casting process, has the advantages of fine grain structure, little segregation and the like, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing products with high alloy content. At present, the spray deposition technology is applied to the development and production of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy with the total alloy content exceeding 12 percent, such as spray deposition of 7034, 7136, 7093 aluminum alloy and the like.
However, the spray deposited alloy is high in content, the density of the material is low, the internal pores are large, the plasticity of the material is poor, the material is cracked and cannot be formed in the die forging process, meanwhile, the residual stress of a part of the workpiece subjected to die forging forming is higher than that of the workpiece subjected to conventional casting and die forging, and the workpiece is cracked due to the large residual stress in the storage process. In addition, the residual stress also affects the fracture toughness, stress corrosion resistance, fatigue performance, and the like of the aluminum alloy.
Spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloys have higher strength properties, but the application of the alloys is restricted due to die forging forming and residual stress problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a die forging method for an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece, aiming at the defect that the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece often cracks in the die forging process or the subsequent storage and application process in the prior art. According to the method, through three times of die forging deformation at different temperatures and deformation amounts and combined with homogenizing annealing, solid solution and quenching cryogenic treatment and aging treatment, the material is prevented from deformation and cracking in subsequent storage and processing.
The invention also aims to provide application of the method in die forging of the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy.
The invention also aims to provide an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece obtained by die forging by applying the method.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a die forging method of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing the spray deposition blank into a pre-forging blank according to the final size of the die forging, and performing one-time die forging to densify the pre-forging blank to obtain a pre-deformed blank;
step 2: homogenizing and annealing the pre-deformed blank to enhance the re-deformability;
and step 3: carrying out secondary die forging on the forging stock after the homogenizing annealing to obtain a die forging;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution and quenching on the obtained die forging;
and 5: carrying out three-time die forging on the quenched die forging to eliminate the residual stress in the die forging;
step 6: and (3) putting the die forging piece subjected to the three-time die forging into liquid nitrogen for subzero treatment, and quickly performing aging treatment after the subzero treatment.
In the technical scheme, the forging deformation of the primary die forging is 25-30%, the forging deformation of the secondary die forging is 70-75%, and the forging deformation of the tertiary die forging is 1-5%.
In the technical scheme, in the step 1, the forging temperature of the primary die forging is 390-420 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 10-15 s.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 2, the homogenization annealing temperature is 430-460 ℃, and the time is 12-24 hours.
In the technical scheme, in the step 3, the forging temperature of the secondary die forging is 380-400 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-5 s.
In the technical scheme, in the step 4, the solid solution temperature is 480-; the quenching medium is water, and the quenching water temperature is 20-60 ℃.
In the technical scheme, in the step 5, the forging temperature of the three-time die forging is 20-150 ℃, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-10 s.
In the technical scheme, in the step 6, the subzero treatment time is 10-60 min; the aging treatment comprises primary aging and secondary aging, wherein the primary aging temperature is 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, and the time is 6-8 h; the secondary aging temperature is 135-145 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h.
The invention also aims to provide application of the die forging method in die forging of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy, wherein the total alloy content of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is more than 12%.
The invention also aims to provide the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy die forging piece obtained by die forging by using the die forging method. The die forging manufactured by the process has no cracking and failure caused by residual stress of materials in the subsequent storage, processing and use processes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the die forging method for the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece, the density of the spray deposition blank is remarkably improved to more than 99% after one-time die forging and homogenizing annealing, gaps in the material are basically all welded, the plasticity of the material is enhanced, the re-deformability is improved, and the situation that the material cannot be formed due to cracking in the die forging process can be effectively prevented.
2. According to the die forging method for the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging, provided by the invention, in the three-time die forging, the die forging generates 1-5% of compression deformation through cold deformation with small deformation, the residual stress in the die forging is eliminated, the internal stress is balanced, and the cracking caused by the overlarge internal stress caused by quenching is reduced. After deep cooling and aging treatment, the residual stress of the die forging is further eliminated and the effect of aging strengthening is achieved, so that the residual stress level and distribution of the material are more reasonable on the premise that the die forging has good mechanical properties, and the material is not deformed or cracked in subsequent storage and processing.
3. The die forging method for the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple process, operability and low requirement on equipment, overcomes the technical problem which is difficult to solve for a long time in the field of processing of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy by spray deposition, can effectively improve the application range of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy by spray deposition, and is suitable for industrial production and application.
4. The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece provided by the invention has the advantages of higher density, better plasticity and re-deformability, more reasonable residual stress level and distribution, and no cracking and failure caused by the residual stress of the material in the subsequent storage, processing and use processes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention is suitable for spray deposition Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy with the total alloy content of more than 12 percent, such as 7034, 7136, 7093 and the like.
Example 1
7034 ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy is sprayed and deposited, and the main alloy components are Zn: 11.0-12.0%, Mg: 2.0-3.0%, Cu: 0.8-1.2 percent, the total alloy content of the alloy exceeds 12 percent, the density of the spray deposition blank is about 96.5 percent generally, and the material in the state is very brittle and often cracks due to direct die forging and cannot be forged and formed.
In order to reduce forging cracking and residual stress, the method for reducing cracking of the spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece comprises the following steps of:
step 1: one-step die forging
And according to the final size of the die forging piece, processing the spray deposition blank into a pre-forging blank and carrying out one-time die forging. The temperature of the primary die forging is 410 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled to be 25%, and the pressure is maintained for 10s, so that the blank is densified. After one-time die forging, the density of the spray deposition forging stock can reach 99%.
Step 2: homogenizing annealing
The spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging is placed in an air furnace at the temperature of 450 +/-5 ℃ for carrying out homogenizing annealing for 24 hours, the structure of the spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging and the homogenizing annealing is compact, gaps in the material are basically all welded, the re-deformability of the material is improved, and the next deformation is facilitated.
Step 3, secondary die forging
And carrying out secondary die forging on the jet deposition forging stock after the homogenizing annealing to obtain a die forging. The forging temperature of the secondary die forging is 390 plus or minus 5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 70 percent, and the pressure is maintained for 5 s. The secondary die forging adopts larger deformation amount, and meets the requirement of the deformation size of the die forging piece under the condition of ensuring that the forging blank does not crack.
Step 4, solid solution and quenching
And (3) carrying out solid solution and quenching on the die forging piece subjected to secondary die forging, wherein the solid solution temperature is 485 +/-5 ℃, the time is 1h, and the alloy is fully solid-dissolved by adopting relatively high temperature in the solid solution process. Then quenching is carried out, the quenching medium is water, the quenching water temperature is 60 ℃, and high-temperature water quenching can ensure that the forged piece does not crack in the quenching process. The die forging piece after high-temperature solid solution and 60 ℃ water quenching does not have the quenching cracking phenomenon.
Step 5, three-time die forging
And performing three-time die forging on the quenched die forging piece, wherein the forging temperature is 80 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 2%, and the pressure is maintained for 3 s. The cold deformation with small deformation amount makes the die forging generate 2% compression deformation, the residual stress in the die forging is eliminated, the internal stress is balanced, and the cracking caused by the excessive internal stress caused by quenching is reduced.
Step 6, deep cooling and aging treatment
And directly putting the die forging piece subjected to the three-time die forging into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 30 min. Directly and quickly placing the mixture into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 120 +/-5 ℃ for primary aging after the deep cooling treatment, wherein the primary aging time is 8 hours. And then raising the temperature of the furnace to 140 +/-5 ℃ for secondary aging, wherein the secondary aging time is 12 hours. The forging piece is subjected to 2% compression deformation by the cold deformation three-time die forging to eliminate the internal residual stress of the forging piece and balance the internal stress of the forging piece, and finally, the residual stress of the forging piece is further eliminated and the purpose of aging strengthening is achieved by deep cooling and secondary aging treatment, so that the residual stress level and distribution of the material are more reasonable on the premise that the forging piece has good mechanical properties.
The die forging manufactured by the process has no cracking and failure caused by residual stress of materials in the subsequent storage, processing and use processes.
Example 2
The jet-deposited 7136 ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following main alloy components: 8.4-9.4%, Mg: 1.8-2.5%, Cu: 1.9-2.5 percent, the total alloy content of the alloy exceeds 12 percent, the compactness of the spray deposition blank is generally about 97 percent, and the material in the state is very brittle and is difficult to forge and form because the direct die forging is prone to cracking.
In order to reduce forging cracking and residual stress, the method for reducing cracking of the spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece comprises the following steps of:
step 1, one-time die forging
And processing the spray deposition blank into a pre-forging blank according to the final size of the die forging, and performing one-time die forging. The temperature of the primary die forging is 400 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 30 percent, and the pressure is maintained for 15s, so that the blank is densified. The density of the spray deposition forging stock can reach more than 99 percent through one-time die forging.
Step 2: homogenizing annealing
The spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging is placed in an air furnace at the temperature of 440 +/-5 ℃ for carrying out homogenizing annealing for 24 hours, the structure of the spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging and the homogenizing annealing is compact, gaps in the material are basically all welded, and the re-deformability of the material is improved.
Step 3, secondary die forging
And carrying out secondary die forging on the jet deposition forging stock after the homogenizing annealing to obtain a die forging. The forging temperature of the secondary die forging is 390 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 70%, and the pressure is maintained for 3 s.
Step 4, solid solution and quenching
And (3) carrying out solid solution and quenching on the die forging piece subjected to secondary die forging, wherein the solid solution temperature is 485 +/-5 ℃, the time is 2 hours, and quenching is carried out, and the quenching medium is room temperature water. The die forging piece after high-temperature solid solution and room-temperature water quenching does not have the quenching cracking phenomenon.
Step 5, three-time die forging
And performing three-time die forging on the quenched die forging piece, wherein the forging temperature is room temperature, the forging deformation amount is controlled at 5%, and the pressure is maintained for 10 s. Through the cold deformation of small deformation amount, the die forging generates 5% compression deformation, the residual stress in the die forging is eliminated, the internal stress is balanced, and the cracking caused by the overlarge internal stress caused by quenching is reduced.
Step 6, deep cooling and aging treatment
And directly putting the forged piece subjected to the three-time die forging into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 60 min. Directly and quickly placing the mixture into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 120 +/-5 ℃ for primary aging after the deep cooling treatment, wherein the primary aging time is 7 hours. Then the furnace temperature is raised to 140 plus or minus 5 ℃ for secondary aging, and the secondary aging time is 12 hours. Further eliminating the residual stress of the forging and achieving the effect of aging strengthening, so that the residual stress level and distribution of the material are more reasonable on the premise that the die forging has good mechanical properties.
The die forging manufactured by the process has no cracking and failure caused by residual stress of materials in the subsequent storage, processing and use processes.
Example 3
The total alloy content of the spray-deposited 7093 ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy exceeds 12%, the density of the spray-deposited blank is 95.6%, and the material in the state is very brittle and is difficult to forge and form due to cracking caused by direct die forging.
In order to reduce forging cracking and residual stress, the method for reducing cracking of the spray-deposited ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging piece comprises the following steps of:
step 1, one-time die forging
And processing the spray deposition blank into a pre-forging blank according to the final size of the die forging, and performing one-time die forging. The temperature of the primary die forging is 400 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 30 percent, and the pressure is maintained for 15s, so that the blank is densified. The density of the spray deposition forging stock can reach 99 percent through one-time die forging.
Step 2: homogenizing annealing
The spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging is placed in an air furnace at the temperature of 440 +/-5 ℃ for carrying out homogenizing annealing for 12 hours, the structure of the spray deposition forging stock after the primary die forging and the homogenizing annealing is compact, gaps in the material are basically all welded, and the re-deformability of the material is improved.
Step 3, secondary die forging
And carrying out secondary die forging on the jet deposition forging stock after the homogenizing annealing to obtain a die forging. The forging temperature of the secondary die forging is 390 +/-5 ℃, the forging deformation is controlled at 75%, and the pressure is maintained for 3 s.
Step 4, solid solution and quenching
And (3) carrying out solid solution and quenching on the die forging piece subjected to secondary die forging, wherein the solid solution temperature is 485 +/-5 ℃, the time is 3 hours, and quenching is carried out, and the quenching medium is room temperature water. The die forging piece after high-temperature solid solution and room-temperature water quenching does not have the quenching cracking phenomenon.
Step 5, three-time die forging
And performing three-time die forging on the quenched die forging piece, wherein the forging temperature is room temperature, the forging deformation amount is controlled at 1%, and the pressure is maintained for 3 s. Through the cold deformation of small deformation amount, the die forging generates 1% compression deformation, the residual stress in the die forging is eliminated, the internal stress is balanced, and the cracking caused by the overlarge internal stress caused by quenching is reduced.
Step 6, deep cooling and aging treatment
And directly putting the forged piece subjected to the three-time die forging into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment for 60 min. Directly and quickly placing the mixture into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 120 +/-5 ℃ for primary aging after the deep cooling treatment, wherein the primary aging time is 7 hours. Then the furnace temperature is raised to 140 plus or minus 5 ℃ for secondary aging, and the secondary aging time is 12 hours. Further eliminating the residual stress of the forging and achieving the effect of aging strengthening, so that the residual stress level and distribution of the material are more reasonable on the premise that the die forging has good mechanical properties.
The die forging manufactured by the process has no cracking and failure caused by residual stress of materials in the subsequent storage, processing and use processes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The die forging method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: processing the spray deposition blank into a pre-forging blank according to the final size of the die forging, and performing one-time die forging to densify the pre-forging blank to obtain a pre-deformed blank;
step 2: homogenizing and annealing the pre-deformed blank to enhance the re-deformability;
and step 3: carrying out secondary die forging on the forging stock after the homogenizing annealing to obtain a die forging;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution and quenching on the obtained die forging;
and 5: carrying out three-time die forging on the quenched die forging to eliminate the residual stress in the die forging;
step 6: and (3) putting the die forging piece subjected to the three-time die forging into liquid nitrogen for subzero treatment, and quickly performing aging treatment after the subzero treatment.
2. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein the primary swaging has a forging deformation amount of 25 to 30%, the secondary swaging has a forging deformation amount of 70 to 75%, and the tertiary swaging has a forging deformation amount of 1 to 5%.
3. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the forging temperature of the primary swaging is 390-420 ℃ and the dwell time is 10-15 s.
4. The swaging method of claim 1, in step 2, the homogenizing annealing temperature is 430-.
5. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the forging temperature of the secondary swaging is 380-400 ℃ and the dwell time is 3-5 s.
6. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the solution temperature is 480-490 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h; the quenching medium is water, and the quenching water temperature is 20-60 ℃.
7. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the forging temperature of the third swaging is 20 to 150 ℃ and the dwell time is 3 to 10 s.
8. The swaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 6, the cryogenic treatment time is 10 to 60 min; the aging treatment comprises primary aging and secondary aging, wherein the primary aging temperature is 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, and the time is 6-8 h; the secondary aging temperature is 135-145 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h.
9. Use of the die forging method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for die forging of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based ultra high strength aluminum alloy, wherein the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based ultra high strength aluminum alloy has a total alloy content of more than 12%.
10. An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy die forging obtained by die forging using the die forging method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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