CN112589022B - Method for manufacturing high-quality hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy low-segregation fine-grain bar - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-quality hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy low-segregation fine-grain bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589022B CN112589022B CN202011201007.1A CN202011201007A CN112589022B CN 112589022 B CN112589022 B CN 112589022B CN 202011201007 A CN202011201007 A CN 202011201007A CN 112589022 B CN112589022 B CN 112589022B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high-quality low-segregation fine-grain bar of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, and aims to obtain a uniform and fine bar with a low-segregation grain structure and low component segregation by adopting combined forging production of a quick forging machine and a radial forging machine and a new homogenizing annealing process. The specific technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of balancing the segregation coefficients of all components of the alloy steel ingot difficult to deform by adopting a steel ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process to obtain the steel ingot with relatively low composition segregation; the rapid forging machine achieves approximate isothermal forging by adopting a remelting soft sleeve technology, and fine grains from the center to the edge of the bar blank are guaranteed; and thirdly, the tissue uniformity of the bar is improved through the deformation of the radial forging machine, the turning light quantity of the bar is reduced, and the yield is improved. The invention has the advantages that the rapid forging machine and the radial forging machine are adopted to jointly produce the bar material with phi 85mm to phi 250mm, and uniform and fine low segregation grain structures can be obtained from the center to the edge; severe forging cracks can not be generated in the forging process, the turning amount of the bar is reduced, and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a high-quality low-segregation fine-grain high-temperature alloy bar difficult to deform.
Background
The GH738 alloy is a nickel-chromium-cobalt base aging strengthening type hard-deformation high-temperature alloy, the using temperature can reach 730 ℃ at most, the alloying degree is high, a gamma' precipitation strengthening phase is formed by cobalt, chromium and molybdenum elements through solid solution strengthening, and meanwhile, a crystal boundary is purified and strengthened by boron and zirconium elements; the segregation tendency is serious, the content of gamma' phase in the alloy exceeds 20 percent, the hot working window is narrow, and surface cracks are easy to generate in the forging process. The traditional forging method of the alloy difficult to deform is to directly form a material by a quick forging machine after a steel ingot is sheathed in a soft way, and the forging needs higher heating temperature, so that the core structure of a finished bar material is thick; the surface temperature of the bar blank is rapidly reduced in the forging process, so that the surface cracks and mixed crystal tissues of the finished bar are serious; the forged bar stock has large size deviation and irregular shape, which causes large turning amount (25 mm-30 mm) and very low yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high-quality difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy low-segregation fine-grain bar, and aims to obtain a uniform and fine low-segregation grain structure and a low-composition segregation bar by a high-temperature alloy ingot through combined forging production of a fast forging machine and a radial forging machine and a new homogenization annealing process.
Specific technical scheme
The forging production method for producing the GH738 alloy bar by combining the fast forging machine and the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
firstly, an alloy ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process:
the process curve is shown in figure 1;
a cogging process of a rapid forging machine comprises the following steps:
the heating curve of the alloy ingot is shown in figure 2, the heating temperature of the alloy ingot is 1040-1160 ℃, the alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace, wrapped with heat preservation cotton, then returned to the furnace for heat preservation, taken out of the furnace for forging after heat preservation is finished, and drawn out and upset on a quick forging machine, wherein the deformation of each drawing is 30-60% and the deformation of each upsetting is 15-40%; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, reducing the heating temperature by fire, and reducing the temperature from 1160 ℃ to 1040 ℃;
the forging process of the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
transferring the cogging blank to a heating furnace nearest to a radial forging machine within 3 min-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the radial forging machine into a bar, and rapidly cooling after forging.
The key points of the invention are as follows: the method comprises the steps of balancing the segregation coefficients of all components of an alloy ingot difficult to deform by adopting an alloy ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process to obtain the alloy ingot with relatively low segregation components; the rapid forging machine achieves approximate isothermal forging by adopting a remelting soft sleeve technology, and fine grains from the center to the edge of the blank are guaranteed; and thirdly, the tissue uniformity of the bar is improved through the deformation of the radial forging machine, the turning light quantity of the bar is reduced, and the yield is improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
a rapid forging machine and a radial forging machine are adopted to jointly produce a bar material with the diameter of phi 85 mm-phi 250mm, and uniform and fine low segregation grain structures can be obtained from the center to the edge; severe forging cracks can not be generated in the forging process, the turning amount of the bar is reduced, and the yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a heating curve for the homogenization diffusion annealing of an alloy ingot;
FIG. 2 is a process curve for heating an alloy ingot or billet;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure photograph of the central position of a GH738 alloy bar material with a phi 85mm specification produced by rapid forging, blank opening and diameter forging in a combined manner, wherein the grain size is grade 6;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure photograph of R/2 position of a GH738 alloy rod with a phi 85mm specification produced by rapid forging, blank opening and diameter forging in combination, and the grain size is 7 grade;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure photograph of the edge position of a GH738 alloy bar with a phi 85mm specification produced by rapid forging, blank opening and diameter forging in a combined manner, wherein the grain size is 7 grades;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure photograph of a central position of a GH738 alloy bar material with a specification of phi 250mm produced by rapid forging, blank opening and radial forging combined production, wherein the grain size is grade 5;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic structure photograph of an R/2 position of a GH738 alloy bar material with a specification of phi 250mm produced by rapid forging, blank opening and radial forging combined production, wherein the grain size is grade 6;
FIG. 8 is a metallographic structure photograph of the edge position of a GH738 alloy bar material with the specification of phi 250mm produced by combining quick forging, blank opening and radial forging, and the grain size is 7 grades.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Example 1:
alloy ingot type: phi 508 mm; forging specification: phi 97 mm; specification of finished products: phi 85 mm.
Firstly, an alloy ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process:
the process curve is shown in figure 1;
a cogging process of a rapid forging machine comprises the following steps:
the heating curve of the alloy ingot is shown in figure 2, when the heating temperature of the alloy ingot reaches 1160 ℃, the alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace, the alloy ingot is wrapped with heat preservation cotton, heating is carried out again, drawing and upsetting are carried out on a quick forging machine after the alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace, the drawing length is 3-5 times, the deformation per time is 30% -60%, the upsetting is 1 time, and the deformation per time is 15% -40%; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, and reducing the heating temperature to 1040 ℃ fire by fire; the cogging size was 240 mm.
The forging process of the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
transferring the cogging blank to a heating furnace nearest to the radial forging machine within 2-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the radial forging machine for 2 times, forging the first time to cogging phi 120-phi 180mm, and forging the second time to phi 97 mm.
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are metallographic structure photographs of the center, R/2 and edge positions of a phi 85 mm-sized GH738 alloy bar produced by rapid forging, blank opening and radial forging combined production, and the grain size from the center to the edge of the bar is graded from 6 to 7.
Example 2:
alloy ingot type: phi 508 mm; forging specification: phi 262 mm; specification of finished products: phi 250 mm.
Firstly, an alloy ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process:
the process curve is shown in figure 1;
a cogging process of the rapid forging machine:
the heating curve of the alloy ingot is shown in figure 2, when the heating temperature of the alloy ingot reaches 1160 ℃, the alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace, the alloy ingot is wrapped with heat preservation cotton, heating is carried out again, drawing and upsetting are carried out on a quick forging machine after the alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace, the drawing is carried out for 4 times, the deformation per time is 30-60%, the upsetting is carried out for 2 times, and the deformation per time is 15-40%; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, and reducing the heating temperature to 1040 ℃ fire by fire; the cogging size is phi 320 mm.
The forging process of the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
transferring the cogging blank to a heating furnace nearest to the radial forging machine within 3-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the cogging blank by 1 fire time by the radial forging machine until the diameter is 262 mm.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are metallographic structure photographs of the center, R/2 and edge positions of a GH738 alloy bar material with the specification of phi 250mm produced by rapid forging, blank opening and radial forging combined production, and the grain size from the center to the edge of the bar material is graded from 5 to 7.
Claims (3)
1. A high-quality hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy low segregation fine grain bar manufacturing approach, characterized by that, the high-temperature alloy ingot adopts the combined forging of the fast forging mill + radial forging mill, homogeneous diffusion annealing process, obtain the bar of the low segregation grain structure and low ingredient segregation of the homogeneous fineness;
the alloy ingot homogenizing diffusion annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat at the temperature of 600 +/-10 ℃ for not less than 2h → preserving the heat at the temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃ for not less than 2h → 1120 ℃ -1160 ℃, preserving the heat for not less than 20h → 1170 ℃ -1220 ℃, preserving the heat for not less than 40h → furnace cooling;
the cogging process of the quick forging machine comprises the following steps: heating an alloy ingot to 600 +/-10 ℃ and preserving heat for not less than 2h → 1000 +/-10 ℃ for not less than 2h → 1040-1160 ℃ for not less than 2 h; taking out the alloy ingot from the furnace, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the alloy ingot, returning the alloy ingot to the furnace for heat preservation, and drawing out and upsetting the alloy ingot on a quick forging machine after the heat preservation is finished, wherein the deformation of drawing out is 30-60% per heating, and the deformation of upsetting is 15-40% per heating; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, reducing the heating temperature by fire times, and reducing the heating temperature from 1160 ℃ to 1040 ℃;
the radial forging machine forging process comprises the following steps: transferring the blanked blank to a heating furnace nearest to the radial forging machine within 3-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the blank into a bar by the radial forging machine, and rapidly cooling after forging.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-quality difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy low-segregation fine-grain bar material according to claim 1, wherein the ingot type of the high-temperature alloy is as follows: phi 508 mm; forging specification: phi 97 mm; specification of finished products: phi 85 mm;
the cogging process of the quick forging machine comprises the following steps:
after the alloy ingot is subjected to uniform diffusion annealing, when the heating temperature of the alloy ingot reaches 1160 ℃, taking the alloy ingot out of the furnace, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the alloy ingot, reheating the alloy ingot, then taking the alloy ingot out of the furnace, drawing out and upsetting the alloy ingot on a quick forging machine, wherein the drawing out is performed for 3-5 times, the deformation per time is 30% -60%, the upsetting is performed for 1 time, and the deformation per time is 15% -40%; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, and reducing the heating temperature to 1040 ℃ fire by fire; the cogging size is phi 240 mm;
the forging process of the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
transferring the cogging blank to a heating furnace nearest to the radial forging machine within 3-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the radial forging machine for 2 times, forging the cogging phi 120-180 mm for the 1 st time, and forging the cogging phi to phi 97mm for the second time.
3. The method for manufacturing the high-quality difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy low-segregation fine-grain bar material according to claim 1, wherein the ingot type of the high-temperature alloy is as follows: phi 508mm, forging specification: phi 262 mm; specification of finished products: phi is 250 mm;
the cogging process of the quick forging machine comprises the following steps:
after the alloy ingot is subjected to uniform diffusion annealing, when the heating temperature of the alloy ingot reaches 1160 ℃, taking the alloy ingot out of the furnace, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the alloy ingot, reheating the alloy ingot, taking the alloy ingot out of the furnace, drawing out and upsetting the alloy ingot on a quick forging machine, wherein the drawing out is carried out for 4 times, the deformation per time is 30-60%, and the upsetting is carried out for 2 times, and the deformation per time is 15-40%; after the deformation is finished, wrapping the blank with heat insulation cotton again, and reducing the heating temperature to 1040 ℃ fire by fire; the cogging size is phi 320 mm;
the forging process of the radial forging machine comprises the following steps:
transferring the cogging blank to a heating furnace nearest to the radial forging machine within 3-10 min, controlling the heating temperature to be 1040-1120 ℃, forging the cogging blank by 1 fire time by the radial forging machine until the diameter is 262 mm.
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| CN113263124B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-06-21 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Preparation method of full-section fine-grain GH4169 alloy radial-forged bar |
| CN113305172B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-09-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Preparation method of GH4169 alloy bar |
| CN113877982B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-07-19 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Hardly-deformable GH4720Li high-temperature alloy small-size bar, preparation method and blade forging |
| CN114317904B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-01-19 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forming method of precipitation hardening high-temperature alloy forging for aero-engine |
| CN114309389B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-01-05 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Forging method of long shaft bar |
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| US8613818B2 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-12-24 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Processing routes for titanium and titanium alloys |
| CN102492906B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-04-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | Forging method of high-temperature alloy fine-grained bars |
| CN104525828B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-08-24 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Diameter forging machine forging high temperature alloy Nimonic80A rank forging shaft manufacture method |
| CN105177478B (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-05-31 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of GH4738 high temperature alloys large-sized casting ingot cogging method |
| CN105689613B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-11-07 | 大冶特殊钢股份有限公司 | A kind of extraordinary forging method suitable for super-duplex stainless steel bar |
| CN106884101B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2021-09-14 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant, sulfur-corrosion-resistant, scouring-resistant and wear-resistant alloy plate |
| CN106868436B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2021-05-14 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for producing high-temperature alloy GH4169 fine-grained bar through rapid-diameter forging combination |
| CN109371344B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-11-10 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Forging process of GH4169 alloy bar |
| CN109648025B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-09 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process for optimizing cobalt-based deformation high-temperature alloy forged bar |
| CN110695282A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-17 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of GH3128 alloy bar |
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