CN113078336A - Fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device and electric pile thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device and electric pile thereof Download PDF

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CN113078336A
CN113078336A CN202110324622.XA CN202110324622A CN113078336A CN 113078336 A CN113078336 A CN 113078336A CN 202110324622 A CN202110324622 A CN 202110324622A CN 113078336 A CN113078336 A CN 113078336A
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fuel cell
temperature
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CN113078336B (en
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汤浩
蒙奎
殷聪
李凯
高艳
宋亚婷
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention provides a distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of a fuel cell, which comprises a double-sided temperature measurement and control board and an upper computer; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units and consists of a plurality of measurement and control units which are arranged in an array manner, and each measurement and control unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated partition, a top layer wiring layer, a top layer power supply layer, an on-off control layer, a buried resistance layer, a bottom layer power supply layer, a bottom layer wiring layer and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated partition; the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea are correspondingly provided with metalized through holes and temperature acquisition unit grooves with temperature sensitive elements inside, and detection signals are transmitted to the signal processing module through the corresponding top wiring layer or the bottom wiring layer to be processed; a heating branch consisting of a PMOS tube and a thermal resistor is arranged between the top power layer and the bottom power layer, and the grid controls the conduction or the cut-off of the PMOS tube according to a voltage control signal of the signal processing module, so that the temperature compensation of the thermal resistor is realized.

Description

Fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device and electric pile thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device and a fuel cell stack thereof.
Background
Fuel cells are generally regarded as important in all countries of the world because of their high efficiency, low pollution, no noise, and other characteristics. Among them, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) also have the advantages of being capable of being started quickly at room temperature, having no electrolyte loss, easy drainage, long service life, high power ratio and energy ratio, etc., and have been gradually applied in the fields of spaceships, automobiles, and standby power lamps.
Among the parameters that affect the performance of PEMFCs, the effect of temperature is very significant. According to the nernst equation, the voltage of the fuel cell increases linearly with the cell temperature at the same gas pressure. In fact, as the temperature increases, the activity of the catalyst platinum increases and the diffusion rate of the hydrogen and oxygen reactant gases increases accordingly, thus increasing the rate of the electrochemical reaction. Meanwhile, the high temperature is beneficial to discharging water generated by the cathode reaction, and the problem of electrode submerging is overcome. The diffusion of water in the proton exchange membrane is accelerated, so that the distribution of water in the proton exchange membrane tends to be uniform, the conduction of protons is accelerated, and simultaneously, the ohmic impedance of electrolyte is reduced, so that the internal resistance of the cell is reduced, thereby enhancing the discharge performance of the fuel cell, improving the conversion efficiency from chemical energy to electric energy, and theoretically, the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is higher and better.
However, the proton exchange membrane widely used in the current PEMFC has a limited temperature resistance, and the stability and proton conductivity of the membrane are seriously reduced above a certain temperature, which has a great influence on the performance of the fuel cell. In addition, the humidity inside the fuel cell is affected by the temperature rise, and the membrane dehydration is caused by the over-high temperature, so that the humidity of the proton exchange membrane is insufficient, and the conductivity of the proton exchange membrane is reduced. Therefore, the temperature of the PEMFC should be strictly controlled within a normal range according to practical situations, and then a proper temperature operating point should be found within the normal range, so as to optimize the performance of the PEMFC.
In addition, if the temperature difference within a monolithic cell is too large, uneven heating of the membrane may result, thereby reducing the life of the cell; if the temperature difference between the single cells in the cell stack is too large, the working temperature of the cell stack is difficult to control, so that the uniformity of the single cells is reduced, and the output performance of the cell stack is reduced. Meanwhile, the uneven distribution of the temperature can influence the activity of the enzyme on the membrane electrode and reflects the uneven distribution of the strength of the reaction; the temperature non-uniformity is further exacerbated by the different reaction levels in different regions of the stack. In order to avoid the problem that the uniformity of the performance of the stack is worse and worse due to the positive feedback relationship and to conveniently minimize the influence of temperature factors on different areas of the battery in the research process, an online subarea detection device capable of actively controlling the temperature needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device and a fuel cell stack thereof.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device is characterized by comprising a double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and an upper computer, wherein the middle of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area corresponding to a fuel cell membrane electrode are double-sided temperature measurement and control areas, and the two ends of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area extending out of a fuel cell stack are signal processing modules; the double-sided temperature measurement and control board is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units and is used for detecting the subarea temperature distribution and temperature compensation inside the fuel cell on line;
the double-sided temperature measurement and control area consists of a plurality of measurement and control units which are arranged in an array, and each measurement and control unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated partition, a top layer wiring layer, a top layer power supply layer, an on-off control layer, a buried resistance layer, a bottom layer power supply layer, a bottom layer wiring layer and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated partition which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-coated and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent measurement and control units are electrically isolated from each other, and the bottom copper-coated and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent measurement and control units are electrically isolated from each other;
the top copper-clad plating and gold-plating subareas and the bottom copper-clad plating and gold-plating subareas are correspondingly provided with metalized through holes and temperature acquisition unit grooves, temperature sensitive elements are arranged in the temperature acquisition unit grooves, and detection signals of the temperature sensitive elements are transmitted to the signal processing module through the corresponding top wiring layer or bottom wiring layer to be processed; the metalized through holes are used for forming current channels between two adjacent fuel cell units;
a heating branch formed by connecting a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and a thermal resistor in series is arranged between the top power supply layer and the bottom power supply layer, a source (S) pole of the PMOS tube gets electricity through the top power supply layer, a drain (D) pole is connected with the bottom power supply layer through the thermal resistor arranged in the buried resistor layer, and a grid (G) pole controls the conduction or the cut-off of the PMOS tube according to a voltage control signal from the signal processing module in the on-off control layer;
the signal processing module comprises a microprocessor (CPU), a temperature acquisition multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion module and a multi-branch heating on-off control module; the temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module converts the received detection signal of the temperature sensitive element into a temperature digital signal and transmits the temperature digital signal to the CPU; the CPU transmits the temperature digital signals to the upper computer for analysis and real-time display, simultaneously processes the temperature digital signals according to a preset control algorithm, and controls the on-off time of PMOS tubes in each measurement and control unit through the multi-branch heating on-off control module to realize the temperature compensation of the thermal resistor.
Furthermore, the multi-branch heating on-off control module comprises heating on-off control units which correspond to the measurement and control units one to one; the heating on-off control unit comprises a first current-limiting resistor, an NPN triode, a pull-down resistor and a second current-limiting resistor, wherein a CPU is connected to the base electrode of the NPN triode in series through the first current-limiting resistor, the pull-down resistor is connected between the CPU and the first current-limiting resistor in parallel, the collector electrode of the NPN triode is connected with the grid (G) electrode of a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube, and the second current-limiting resistor is connected between the grid (G) electrode and the source (S) electrode of the PMOS tube in;
the specific working principle is as follows: the CPU processes the temperature digital signal according to a preset control algorithm, outputs a high level or a low level, and transmits the high level or the low level to a base electrode of the NPN triode through the first current limiting resistor; when the CPU outputs a high level, the NPN triode is in saturated conduction, and the voltage of the collector of the NPN triode is pulled down at the moment, so that the voltage of the grid (G) electrode of the PMOS tube is lower than that of the source (S) electrode, and the PMOS tube is conducted; when the CPU outputs a low level or is not connected with the first current-limiting resistor, the NPN triode is cut off through the voltage division of the pull-down resistor, the grid (G) voltage of the PMOS tube is equal to the source (S) voltage, and the PMOS tube is disconnected; and further the on-off time of the PMOS tube is controlled.
Furthermore, the resistance values of the thermal resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; according to the thermodynamic formula:
Figure BDA0002994104660000031
keep thermal resistance both ends voltage (U) and resistance (R) of thermal resistance unchangeable, through the break-make time (t) of PMOS management and control heating resistor place heating branch road to change the heat (Q) that the thermal resistance produced in a certain time, and then change ambient temperature.
Furthermore, the top power supply layer and the bottom power supply layer are powered by an external voltage-stabilized power supply module, so that the potential difference between two ends of the thermal resistor is ensured to be constant.
Further, the control algorithm is a PID algorithm, an adaptive algorithm, a fuzzy control algorithm and the like.
Furthermore, a sampling resistor is also arranged in the embedded resistance layer and is respectively connected with the metalized through holes in the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea through leads; correspondingly, the signal processing module also comprises a current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module which is used for carrying out signal processing on potential differences at two ends of sampling resistors in each measurement and control unit acquired through a top layer wiring layer and a bottom layer wiring layer, and the processed signals are transmitted to an upper computer through a CPU (central processing unit) to be analyzed and displayed in real time.
Furthermore, the sampling resistors are high-precision chip resistors, the resistance value is 5-50 m omega, and the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; and the impedance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the metalized through hole in the middle of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea in each measurement and control unit is the same.
Further, the thickness of the top copper-plated gold layer and the thickness of the bottom copper-plated gold layer are both 140-175 microns.
Further, the temperature collecting unit groove is not coated with copper and gold, so that an electric isolation area is formed.
Further, the temperature sensitive element is an NPN triode.
Furthermore, the areas of the top copper-clad gold-plated subareas and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subareas of different measurement and control units are the same.
Furthermore, the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is also arranged at an end plate of the fuel cell and used for compensating the temperature of the end fuel cell unit.
A galvanic pile applying the fuel cell internal temperature distributed measuring and controlling device is characterized by comprising a fuel cell galvanic pile, a double-sided temperature measuring and controlling plate, a water isolation plate and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units connected in series; the double-sided temperature measurement and control board is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between bipolar plates of two adjacent fuel cell units and is used for online detection of temperature distribution and temperature compensation of the inner partition of the fuel cell, and a water isolation board is arranged between the double-sided temperature measurement and control board and the bipolar plate facing one side of the double-sided temperature measurement and control board and provided with a cooling water flow channel, so that the problem of circuit short circuit caused by contact between a temperature sensitive element and the cooling water flow channel is avoided.
Furthermore, the water isolation plate is a graphite plate, and the thickness of the water isolation plate is 1-2 mm.
Furthermore, the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is also arranged at an end plate of the fuel cell and used for compensating the temperature of the end fuel cell unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device.A double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, the temperature distribution condition of each subarea in a galvanic pile is detected on line, and the temperature distribution of each subarea is dynamically adjusted to be consistent by carrying out independent temperature compensation on each subarea;
2. the fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device is mainly applied to a fuel cell stack in an operating state, and by arranging a temperature compensation structure with independent partitions, the difference of reaction degrees of different areas caused by large temperature difference of the partitions in the operating process of the fuel cell stack is solved, and the uniformity of the stack performance is obviously improved;
3. the thermal resistors, the PMOS tubes and the sampling resistors of all the subareas are arranged in a resistor embedding manner, so that the surfaces of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plates are not provided with bulges and can be placed between any fuel cell units, complex matching parts are avoided, and the device has high integration level;
4. the double-sided temperature measurement and control plates are arranged at a plurality of positions in the galvanic pile, so that the temperature of the whole galvanic pile can be controlled, and the current and temperature distribution condition of the whole galvanic pile can be obtained;
5. preferably, the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate provided by the invention can also be arranged at the end plate of the fuel cell and is used for compensating the temperature of the fuel cell units at the end part, so that the temperature of each area of the fuel cell is more uniform, and the temperature of the fuel cell units at the middle part or the end part is more balanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a layered cross-sectional view of a double-sided temperature measurement and control region in a distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic wiring diagram of a top wiring layer in a distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a top power layer in a distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of an on-off control layer in the distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a resistance buried layer in a distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an on-off control circuit of a heating branch in an online detection device for internal temperature distribution of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a signal processing module in an on-line detection device for internal temperature distribution of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a stack installation and disassembly of a double-sided temperature measurement and control plate in a stack to which a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device is applied according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a measurement and control unit connected to a signal processing module in a stack using a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The figures include the following reference numerals:
1: double-sided temperature measurement and control area
2: signal processing module
3: top wiring layer
4: top power layer
5: on-off control layer
6: buried resistance layer
7: bottom power layer
8: bottom routing layer
9: PMOS tube
10: thermal resistance
11: sampling resistor
12: NPN triode
13：CPU
14: temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module
15: current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module
16: multi-branch heating on-off control module
17: temperature sensor signal conductor
18: sampling resistance signal conductor
19: PMOS tube control signal conductor
20: water isolation board
21: extending beyond the area of the fuel cell stack
CT: top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea
CB: partition coated with copper and gold on bottom layer
CV: electricity taking point
CO: metallized via
B1: anode bipolar plate
M: membrane electrode
B2: cathode bipolar plate
R1: pull-down resistor
R2: a first current limiting resistor
R3: second current limiting resistor
Q: NPN triode
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a distributed measurement and control device for internal temperature of a fuel cell, which comprises a double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and an upper computer, wherein the middle of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area corresponding to a membrane electrode of the fuel cell are a double-sided temperature measurement and control area 1, and the two ends of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area 21 extending out of a fuel cell stack are signal processing modules 2; the double-sided temperature measurement and control board is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units and is used for detecting the subarea temperature distribution and temperature compensation inside the fuel cell on line; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is also arranged at the end plate of the fuel cell and used for compensating the temperature of the fuel cell unit at the end part;
the double-sided temperature measurement and control area 1 is composed of a plurality of measurement and control units which are arranged in an array, as shown in fig. 1, each measurement and control unit comprises a top layer copper-clad gold-plated subarea CT, a top layer wiring layer 3, a top layer power layer 4, an on-off control layer 5, an embedded resistance layer 6, a bottom layer power layer 7, a bottom layer wiring layer 8 and a bottom layer copper-clad gold-plated subarea CB which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-coated gold-plated subareas CT of the adjacent measurement and control units are mutually electrically isolated, and the bottom copper-coated gold-plated subareas CB of the adjacent measurement and control units are mutually electrically isolated; the areas of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas CT and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas CB of different measurement and control units are the same; the wiring schematic diagram of the top layer wiring layer 3 is shown in fig. 2, and the top views of the top layer power supply layer 4, the on-off control layer 5 and the buried resistance layer 6 are respectively shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5;
the top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea CT and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subarea CB are correspondingly provided with metallized through holes CO and temperature acquisition unit grooves, NPN triodes 12 are arranged in the temperature acquisition unit grooves, and detection signals of the NPN triodes 12 are correspondingly transmitted to the signal processing module 2 for signal processing through temperature sensor signal wires 17 in the top routing layer 3 or the bottom routing layer 8; the temperature acquisition unit groove is not coated with copper and gold, so that an electrical isolation area is formed;
a sampling resistor 11 is further arranged in the buried resistance layer 6, the sampling resistor 11 is respectively connected with a metallized through hole CO in the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea CT and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea CB through leads, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor 11 is transmitted to the signal processing module 2 through a sampling resistor signal lead 18 in the top routing layer 3 or the bottom routing layer 8 for signal processing; after the current from each measurement and control unit in the previous fuel cell unit flows through the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea CT of the measurement and control unit corresponding to the current fuel cell unit, the current flows to the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea CB through the metalized through hole CO, the sampling resistor 11 and the metalized through hole CO and finally enters the next fuel cell unit; the buried resistance layer 6 is made of an insulating PCB material;
be equipped with the heating branch road that forms by PMOS pipe 9 and thermal resistance 10 series connection between top layer power layer 4 and the bottom power layer 7, the source (S) utmost point of PMOS pipe 9 is got the electricity through the point CV of getting of top layer power layer 4, leaks (D) utmost point and connects bottom power layer 7 through setting up thermal resistance 10 in buried resistance layer 6, and top layer power layer 4 and bottom power layer 7 are through external constant voltage power supply module power supply, according to the thermodynamic formula:
Figure BDA0002994104660000071
the potential difference (U) and the resistance value (R) at the two ends of the thermal resistor 10 are ensured to be unchanged, and the total heat (Q) generated by the thermal resistor 9 is changed by adjusting the heating time (t) of the thermal resistor 9, so that the effect of changing the ambient temperature is achieved; the grid (G) electrode controls the conduction or the cut-off of the PMOS tube 9 according to a voltage control signal of the signal processing module 2 transmitted by a PMOS tube control signal lead 19 in the on-off control layer 5, when the PMOS tube 9 is conducted in a saturated mode, a power taking point CV of the top power supply layer 4 is conducted with the thermal resistor 10, and the thermal resistor 10 starts to heat; when the PMOS tube 9 is cut off, the heating branch is disconnected, and the heating of the thermal resistor 10 is stopped;
as shown in fig. 7, the signal processing module 2 includes a CPU13, a temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 14, a current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 15, and a multi-branch heating on-off control module 16; the current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 15 amplifies and converts the received voltages at two ends of each sampling resistor 11 into current digital signals, and the current digital signals are transmitted to an upper computer through a CPU (central processing unit) to be displayed and analyzed in real time; the temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 14 processes the received detection signals of the NPN triodes 12, converts the processed detection signals into temperature digital signals, transmits the temperature digital signals to the CPU13, and transmits the temperature digital signals to an upper computer for analysis and real-time display by the CPU 13;
the structure of the multi-branch heating on-off control module 16 is shown in fig. 6, and comprises heating on-off control units corresponding to the measurement and control units one by one; the heating on-off control unit comprises a first current-limiting resistor R2, an NPN triode Q, a pull-down resistor R1 and a second current-limiting resistor R3, wherein a CPU13 is connected in series to the base electrode of the NPN triode Q through the first current-limiting resistor R2, the pull-down resistor R1 is connected in parallel between a CPU13 and the first current-limiting resistor R2, the collector electrode of the NPN triode Q is connected with the grid (G) electrode of a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube 9, and the second current-limiting resistor R3 is connected in parallel between the grid (G) electrode and the source (S) electrode of the PMOS tube;
the CPU13 processes the temperature digital signal according to PID control algorithm, outputs high level or low level (i.e. control signal), and transmits to the base of NPN triode Q through the first current limiting resistor R2; when the CPU13 outputs a high level, the NPN transistor Q is in saturated conduction, and at this time, the collector voltage of the NPN transistor Q is pulled low, so that the gate (G) voltage of the PMOS transistor 9 is lower than the source (S) voltage, and the PMOS transistor 9 is turned on; when the CPU13 outputs a low level or is not connected to the first current limiting resistor R2, the NPN transistor Q is turned off by voltage division by the pull-down resistor R1, and at this time, the gate (G) voltage of the PMOS transistor 9 is equal to the source (S) voltage, and the PMOS transistor 9 is turned off; and further controlling the on-off time of the PMOS tube 9 to realize the temperature compensation of the thermal resistor 10.
Furthermore, the sampling resistors are high-precision milliohm resistors, the resistance value is 10m omega, and the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; and the impedance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the metalized through hole in the middle of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea in each measurement and control unit is the same.
Further, the thickness of the top and bottom copper-plated gold layers is 140 μm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a galvanic pile applying a fuel cell internal temperature distributed measuring and controlling device, which comprises a fuel cell galvanic pile, a double-sided temperature measuring and controlling plate, a water isolation plate 20 and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units which are connected in series, and each fuel cell unit consists of an anode bipolar plate B1, a membrane electrode M and a cathode bipolar plate B2 which are sequentially overlapped; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between a cathode bipolar plate B2 of an upper fuel cell unit and an anode bipolar plate B1 of a lower fuel cell unit, and is used for online detection of subarea temperature distribution and temperature compensation inside the fuel cell; the anode bipolar plate B1 is provided with a cooling water flow channel, and a water isolation plate 20 is arranged between the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the anode bipolar plate B1, so that the problem of circuit short circuit caused by the contact of a temperature sensitive element and the cooling water flow channel is avoided as shown in figure 8; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is also arranged at the end plate of the fuel cell and used for compensating the temperature of the fuel cell unit at the end part;
the middle of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area corresponding to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell are a double-sided temperature measurement and control area 1, and the two ends of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area 21 extending out of the fuel cell stack are signal processing modules 2;
the double-sided temperature measurement and control area 1 consists of a plurality of measurement and control units which are arranged in an array, and each measurement and control unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea CT, a top layer wiring layer 3, a top layer power layer 4, an on-off control layer 5, an embedded resistance layer 6, a bottom layer power layer 7, a bottom layer wiring layer 8 and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea CB which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-coated gold-plated subareas CT of the adjacent measurement and control units are mutually electrically isolated, and the bottom copper-coated gold-plated subareas CB of the adjacent measurement and control units are mutually electrically isolated; the areas of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas CT and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas CB of different measurement and control units are the same;
the top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea CT and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subarea CB are correspondingly provided with metallized through holes CO and temperature acquisition unit grooves, NPN triodes 12 are arranged in the temperature acquisition unit grooves, and detection signals of the NPN triodes 12 are correspondingly transmitted to the signal processing module 2 for signal processing through temperature sensor signal wires 17 in the top routing layer 3 or the bottom routing layer 8; the temperature acquisition unit groove is not coated with copper and gold, so that an electrical isolation area is formed;
a sampling resistor 11 is further arranged in the buried resistance layer 6, the sampling resistor 11 is respectively connected with a metallized through hole CO in the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea CT and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea CB through leads, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor 11 is transmitted to the signal processing module 2 through a sampling resistor signal lead 18 in the top routing layer 3 or the bottom routing layer 8 for signal processing; after the current from each measurement and control unit in the previous fuel cell unit flows through the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea CT of the measurement and control unit corresponding to the current fuel cell unit, the current flows to the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea CB through the metalized through hole CO, the sampling resistor 11 and the metalized through hole CO and finally enters the next fuel cell unit; the buried resistance layer 6 is made of an insulating PCB material;
be equipped with the heating branch road that forms by PMOS pipe 9 and thermal resistance 10 series connection between top layer power layer 4 and the bottom power layer 7, the source (S) utmost point of PMOS pipe 9 is got the electricity through the point CV of getting of top layer power layer 4, leaks (D) utmost point and connects bottom power layer 7 through setting up thermal resistance 10 in buried resistance layer 6, and top layer power layer 4 and bottom power layer 7 are through external constant voltage power supply module power supply, according to the thermodynamic formula:
Figure BDA0002994104660000091
the potential difference (U) and the resistance value (R) at the two ends of the thermal resistor 10 are ensured to be unchanged, and the total heat (Q) generated by the thermal resistor 9 is changed by adjusting the heating time (t) of the thermal resistor 9, so that the effect of changing the ambient temperature is achieved; the grid (G) electrode controls the conduction or the cut-off of the PMOS tube 9 according to a control signal of the signal processing module 2 transmitted by a PMOS tube control signal lead 19 in the on-off control layer 5, when the PMOS tube 9 is conducted in a saturated way, a power taking point CV of the top layer power supply layer 4 is conducted with the thermal resistor 10, and the thermal resistor 10 starts to heat; when the PMOS tube 9 is cut off, the heating branch is disconnected, and the heating of the thermal resistor 10 is stopped;
the signal processing module 2 comprises a CPU13, a temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 14, a current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 15 and a multi-branch heating on-off control module 16, and a connection diagram of the signal processing module 2 and the measurement and control unit is shown in FIG. 9; the current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 15 amplifies and converts the received voltages at two ends of each sampling resistor 11 into current digital signals, and the current digital signals are transmitted to an upper computer through a CPU (central processing unit) to be displayed and analyzed in real time; the temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module 14 processes the received detection signals of the NPN triodes 12, converts the processed detection signals into temperature digital signals, transmits the temperature digital signals to the CPU13, and transmits the temperature digital signals to an upper computer for analysis and real-time display by the CPU 13;
the multi-branch heating on-off control module 16 comprises heating on-off control units which correspond to the measurement and control units one by one; the heating on-off control unit comprises a first current-limiting resistor R2, an NPN triode Q, a pull-down resistor R1 and a second current-limiting resistor R3, wherein a CPU13 is connected in series to the base electrode of the NPN triode Q through the first current-limiting resistor R2, the pull-down resistor R1 is connected in parallel between a CPU13 and the first current-limiting resistor R2, the collector electrode of the NPN triode Q is connected with the grid (G) electrode of a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube 9, and the second current-limiting resistor R3 is connected in parallel between the grid (G) electrode and the source (S) electrode of the PMOS tube;
the CPU13 processes the temperature digital signal according to PID control algorithm, outputs high level or low level (i.e. control signal), and transmits to the base of NPN triode Q through the first current limiting resistor R2; when the CPU13 outputs a high level, the NPN transistor Q is in saturated conduction, and at this time, the collector voltage of the NPN transistor Q is pulled low, so that the gate (G) voltage of the PMOS transistor 9 is lower than the source (S) voltage, and the PMOS transistor 9 is turned on; when the CPU13 outputs a low level or is not connected to the first current limiting resistor R2, the NPN transistor Q is turned off by voltage division by the pull-down resistor R1, and at this time, the gate (G) voltage of the PMOS transistor 9 is equal to the source (S) voltage, and the PMOS transistor 9 is turned off; and further controlling the on-off time of the PMOS tube 9 to realize the temperature compensation of the thermal resistor 10.
Furthermore, the sampling resistors are high-precision milliohm resistors, the resistance value is 10m omega, and the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; and the impedance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the metalized through hole in the middle of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea in each measurement and control unit is the same.
Further, the thickness of the top and bottom copper-plated gold layers is 140 μm.
Further, the water isolation plate 20 is a graphite plate, and the thickness is 2 mm.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell internal temperature distributed measurement and control device is characterized by comprising a double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and an upper computer, wherein the middle of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area corresponding to a fuel cell membrane electrode are double-sided temperature measurement and control areas, and the two ends of the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the area extending out of a fuel cell stack are signal processing modules; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units;
the double-sided temperature measurement and control area consists of a plurality of measurement and control units which are arranged in an array, and each measurement and control unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated partition, a top layer wiring layer, a top layer power supply layer, an on-off control layer, a buried resistance layer, a bottom layer power supply layer, a bottom layer wiring layer and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated partition which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-coated and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent measurement and control units are electrically isolated from each other, and the bottom copper-coated and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent measurement and control units are electrically isolated from each other;
the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subareas and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subareas are correspondingly provided with metalized through holes and temperature acquisition unit grooves with temperature sensitive elements inside, and detection signals of the temperature sensitive elements are transmitted to the signal processing module through the corresponding top wiring layer or bottom wiring layer to be processed; the metalized through holes are used for forming current channels between two adjacent fuel cell units;
a heating branch formed by connecting a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and a thermal resistor in series is arranged between the top power supply layer and the bottom power supply layer, a source electrode of the PMOS tube obtains electricity through the top power supply layer, a drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with the bottom power supply layer through the thermal resistor arranged in the buried resistor layer, and a grid electrode of the PMOS tube controls the conduction or the cut-off of the PMOS tube according to a voltage control signal from the signal processing module in the on-off control layer;
the signal processing module comprises a CPU, a temperature acquisition multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion module and a multi-branch heating on-off control module; the temperature acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module converts the detection signal into a temperature digital signal and transmits the temperature digital signal to the CPU; the CPU transmits the temperature digital signals to the upper computer for analysis and real-time display, processes the temperature digital signals according to a preset control algorithm, and controls the on-off time of the PMOS tubes in each measurement and control unit through the multi-branch heating on-off control module.
2. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the multi-branch heating on-off control module comprises heating on-off control units corresponding to the measurement and control units one by one; the heating on-off control unit comprises a first current-limiting resistor, an NPN triode, a pull-down resistor and a second current-limiting resistor, the CPU is connected in series to the base electrode of the NPN triode through the first current-limiting resistor, the pull-down resistor is connected in parallel between the CPU and the first current-limiting resistor, the collector electrode of the NPN triode is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube, and the second current-limiting resistor is connected in parallel between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the PMOS tube.
3. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the control algorithm is a PID algorithm, an adaptive algorithm or a fuzzy control algorithm.
4. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the resistance values of the thermal resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; according toThermodynamic formula:
Figure FDA0002994104650000021
the voltage at the two ends of the thermal resistor and the resistance value of the thermal resistor are kept unchanged, and the on-off time of the heating branch where the thermal resistor is located is controlled through the PMOS so as to change the heat generated by the thermal resistor within a certain time.
5. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a sampling resistor is further arranged in the buried resistance layer, and the sampling resistor is respectively connected with the metalized through holes in the top copper-clad gold-plated partition and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated partition through wires; correspondingly, the signal processing module also comprises a current acquisition multichannel analog-to-digital conversion module which is used for carrying out signal processing on potential differences at two ends of sampling resistors in each measurement and control unit acquired through a top layer wiring layer and a bottom layer wiring layer, and the processed signals are transmitted to an upper computer through a CPU (central processing unit) to be analyzed and displayed in real time.
6. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the sampling resistors are high-precision chip resistors, the resistance values are 5-50 m Ω, and the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the measurement and control units are the same; and the impedance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the metalized through hole in the middle of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea in each measurement and control unit is the same.
7. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive element is an NPN triode.
8. The fuel cell internal temperature distribution type measurement and control device according to claim 1, wherein areas of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subareas and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subareas of different measurement and control units are the same.
9. The distributed measurement and control device for the internal temperature of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is further arranged at an end plate of the fuel cell and used for compensating the temperature of the end fuel cell unit.
10. A fuel cell stack applying the fuel cell internal temperature distribution type measurement and control device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising a fuel cell stack, a double-sided temperature measurement and control plate, a water isolation plate and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units connected in series; the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate is arranged between the bipolar plates of the two adjacent fuel cell units, and a water isolation plate is arranged between the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate and the bipolar plate, wherein one side of the bipolar plate, which faces the double-sided temperature measurement and control plate, is provided with a cooling water flow channel.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012014888A (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-19 Panasonic Corp Fuel battery system
CN111216600A (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-02 中信国安盟固利动力科技有限公司 Battery system with adjustable heating speed and control method thereof
CN112216850A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-12 电子科技大学 Fuel cell internal temperature distribution on-line detection device and electric pile thereof
CN112234233A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-15 电子科技大学 Fuel cell internal current distribution on-line detection device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012014888A (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-19 Panasonic Corp Fuel battery system
CN111216600A (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-02 中信国安盟固利动力科技有限公司 Battery system with adjustable heating speed and control method thereof
CN112216850A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-12 电子科技大学 Fuel cell internal temperature distribution on-line detection device and electric pile thereof
CN112234233A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-15 电子科技大学 Fuel cell internal current distribution on-line detection device

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