CN111540930B - Air cooling fuel cell stack with import and export air humidity detects - Google Patents
Air cooling fuel cell stack with import and export air humidity detects Download PDFInfo
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- CN111540930B CN111540930B CN202010385791.XA CN202010385791A CN111540930B CN 111540930 B CN111540930 B CN 111540930B CN 202010385791 A CN202010385791 A CN 202010385791A CN 111540930 B CN111540930 B CN 111540930B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection, and belongs to the field of fuel cells. The device has a real-time monitoring function of cathode side current distribution and an online detection function of air inlet and outlet temperature and humidity distribution; the current subareas are distributed in a matrix manner along the hydrogen flow field, so that the current distribution of each area of the flow field can be accurately measured, and the difficulty in data analysis caused by the fact that the subareas cross the turning area of the flow channel is avoided; the distribution condition of the air cooling and heat dissipation effects in the galvanic pile can be obtained by combining temperature and humidity detection of the air inlet and the air outlet and reflecting current distribution, so that the design of the cathode flow channel of the air-cooled galvanic pile and the design of peripheral air diversion of the galvanic pile are optimized. Meanwhile, the operation condition of the shaping galvanic pile can be optimized, the over-low humidity and over-high temperature of a local area are avoided, and the service life of the galvanic pile is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, and is especially cell stack technology.
Background
In the existing fuel cell structure, bipolar plates and membrane electrodes are generally overlapped in sequence to form a multi-section or even tens of sections of cell stacks, thereby forming a power generation device with higher power. For the design and operation of the existing air-cooled fuel cell stack, the performance of the fuel cell can only be judged by the voltage of the whole cell stack or by the voltage of each cell in the cell stack, however, when the whole performance of the cell stack is reduced or a certain voltage is reduced, it cannot be judged at which specific part of a certain cell of the fuel cell has a fault, so that an accurate and efficient feedback control strategy cannot be provided. Because the air-cooled galvanic pile needs cathode air cooling, the air excess coefficient is high (reaching dozens, and the water-cooled galvanic pile is about 2 generally), and the anode of the air-cooled galvanic pile generally adopts the operation of outlet closed-end intermittent discharge, and the galvanic pile runs in the unsteady state for a long time, so the voltage of the galvanic pile or the voltage of a battery is dynamically changed and possibly greatly reduced. The method has the following problems that (1) excessive drying inside the galvanic pile causes large membrane internal resistance and reduces voltage performance; (2) The anode is operated in a dead end mode, so that cathode nitrogen permeates to the anode through the membrane, and the activity of anode reaction gas is reduced; (3) Insufficient flow of the reactant gas to the cathode or anode results in reactant starvation and reduced voltage performance.
The hydrogen is transported from the inlet end to the outlet end through the flow channel and consumed by reaction, and the reaction conditions of the hydrogen, such as concentration, humidity, temperature and the like, cannot be completely consistent in the whole membrane electrode reaction area; the same problem exists for the air side; meanwhile, through the proton exchange membrane, a complex water heat exchange process exists between the cathode and the anode, which causes complexity and inconsistency of parameter distribution of internal reaction conditions. The inconsistent local reaction conditions and the working environment of the membrane electrode result in the performance of the membrane electrode in different areas and the performance nonuniformity of the membrane electrode in different areas, and the life attenuation of each area is inconsistent, and the key for limiting the performance and the life of the fuel cell is the local area with the lowest performance and the fastest performance attenuation.
In the prior art, the specific performance distribution inside the galvanic pile can not be obtained only through voltage, so that the real reaction conditions inside the air-cooled galvanic pile can not be judged, the galvanic pile can have design defects, and the performance of the galvanic pile can be further deteriorated due to inaccurate and untimely control strategy of a power generation system, so that the system efficiency is reduced, and the accelerated life attenuation of the galvanic pile is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention designs a novel real-time monitoring device for cathode current distribution and cathode air inlet and outlet temperature and humidity distribution of an air-cooled fuel cell, and provides more sufficient and necessary real-time monitoring information for design optimization of an air-cooled fuel cell stack and a power generation system integration and control scheme, so that the operating condition and control strategy of the stack are purposefully optimized, the output performance and stability of the fuel cell are improved, and the service life attenuation rate of the fuel cell is greatly reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection, which comprises the following components in sequential stacking: the anode collector comprises an anode end plate, an anode insulating plate, an anode current collector, an anode polar plate, a membrane electrode, a cathode polar plate, a cathode partition current collector, a cathode insulating plate and a cathode end plate; fastening holes are correspondingly arranged on the cathode end plate and the anode end plate, and bolts and nuts are adopted to enable all devices between the cathode end plate and the anode end plate to be tightly attached; the anode insulating plate, the anode current collector, the anode polar plate, the membrane electrode, the cathode polar plate and the cathode partition current collector are correspondingly provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet at two sides of the plate surface; the hydrogen inlets on the anode end plate, the anode insulating plate, the anode collector plate, the anode polar plate, the membrane electrode, the cathode polar plate and the cathode partition collector plate are communicated with each other, and the hydrogen outlets are also communicated with each other;
the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the anode plate are communicated by adopting a hydrogen flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel is arranged on one side of the anode plate, which is tightly attached to the membrane electrode, the outer ring layer of the side is provided with a circle of anode plate sealing groove, and the anode plate sealing groove surrounds the hydrogen flow channel, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet and is used for placing a sealing collar; the peripheries of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet on the other surface of the anode plate are provided with sealing grooves;
the membrane electrode comprises: the carbon paper is larger than the catalysis layer in size and covers the surfaces of the two sides of the catalysis layer respectively;
sealing grooves are formed in the front and back of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the cathode plate and used for placing sealing collars, and a plurality of linear air flow channels are arranged in parallel on one side, close to the membrane electrode of the air galvanic pile, between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the cathode plate;
the cathode partition collector plate comprises a front surface and a back surface, wherein the front surface is a surface tightly attached to the cathode pole plate, and the back surface is a surface tightly attached to the cathode insulating plate; the cathode sub-region collector plate front face includes: the device comprises a plurality of subarea current collecting layers, a plurality of voltage signal conducting through holes, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collecting electrode, a plurality of collecting electrode current conducting holes, an air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor and a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensors, wherein the subarea current collecting layers are arranged in an array; the position of the array formed by the subarea current collecting layers corresponds to the position of the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate, the subarea current collecting layers are tightly attached to the surface of the front surface of the cathode subarea current collecting plate, the subarea current collecting layers are electrically isolated, and the center of each subarea current collecting layer is provided with a current conducting hole of the current collecting layer; the current collector is a straight strip patch; the number of the voltage signal conduction through holes is the same as that of the subarea current collecting layers, and the voltage signal conduction through holes are arranged in a row and are parallel to the current collecting electrodes; the collector current conduction through holes are sequentially and uniformly arranged in the current collector, and the voltage signal grounding through hole is arranged at the tail end of the current collector; the voltage signal conduction through hole and the current collector protrude out of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and are not overlapped with the structure adjacent to the cathode partition collector plate; the tail ends of the row of voltage signal conduction through holes are provided with an air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor for detecting the temperature and humidity of air at an inlet; a row of a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on the other side, opposite to the air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor, of the front face of the cathode partition collector plate and used for detecting air temperature and humidity at a plurality of positions of an outlet;
the back of the cathode partition current collecting plate comprises: the device comprises a plurality of partition copper layers, a plurality of copper layer diversion lines, a plurality of voltage signal conduction through holes, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector, a plurality of collector current conduction holes, an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuits and a plurality of current sensors, wherein the collector current conduction through hole is formed in the center of each partition copper layer, and the number of the current sensors is the same as that of the partition copper layers; the positions of a partition copper layer, a voltage signal conduction through hole, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector and a collector current conducting hole on the back face correspond to the positions of a partition current collecting layer, a voltage signal conduction through hole, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector and a collector current conducting hole on the front face one by one, the number of copper layer current guiding lines is the same as that of the partition copper layers, one end of each copper layer current guiding line is connected with one partition copper layer, the other end of each copper layer current guiding line is connected with one voltage signal conduction through hole and continues to extend for a certain distance, and a copper layer pin is arranged at the tail end of each copper layer current guiding line; each copper layer pin is correspondingly connected with one end of a current sensor, and the other end of the current sensor is connected with a voltage signal grounding through hole; each voltage signal grounding through hole is correspondingly provided with a grounding pin, and the outer sides of all the pins are provided with external connection sockets; each voltage signal conduction through hole is provided with a voltage signal pin, and the outer sides of all the pins are provided with external connection sockets; an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit is arranged on the back of the cathode partition collector plate corresponding to the position of the temperature and humidity sensor at the air inlet end, and an air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit is arranged on the back of the cathode partition collector plate corresponding to the position of each air outlet temperature and humidity sensor; a row of temperature and humidity sensor signal pins are arranged on the outer side of the air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, each pin is connected with an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit or an air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, and an annular external socket is arranged outside the temperature and humidity sensor signal pins.
Furthermore, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet in the anode plate are respectively positioned on opposite corners of the anode plate, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are communicated by adopting double hydrogen flow channels, hydrogen is divided into two hydrogen flow channels from the hydrogen inlet, the two hydrogen flow channels are transmitted in parallel and transmitted to the hydrogen outlet in a roundabout way of 180 degrees for 4 times, and the spacing distances of the 10 hydrogen flow channels formed after the roundabout are equal; the partition current collecting layer comprises five rows, the position of each row corresponds to two adjacent hydrogen flow channels with the same flow direction in the anode plate, and the position of the current conducting hole of the current collecting layer corresponds to a flow channel ridge between two adjacent hydrogen flow channels with the same flow direction in the anode plate.
Furthermore, the anode collector plate material is a copper plate, and the anode plate and the cathode plate material are graphite.
The invention designs a novel air-cooled fuel cell and a current distribution real-time monitoring device thereof, which have the functions of cathode side current distribution real-time monitoring and air inlet and outlet temperature and humidity distribution online detection; the current subareas are distributed in a matrix manner along the hydrogen flow field, so that the current distribution of each area of the flow field can be accurately measured, and the difficulty in data analysis caused by the subareas crossing the turning area of the flow channel is avoided; the distribution condition of the cooling and heat dissipation effects of air inside the galvanic pile can be obtained by combining temperature and humidity detection of the air inlet and the air outlet and reflecting current distribution, so that the design of the cathode flow channel of the air-cooled galvanic pile and the design of the air diversion of the periphery of the galvanic pile are optimized. Meanwhile, the operation conditions of the galvanic pile can be optimized, the conditions that the humidity of a local area is too low and the temperature is too high are avoided, and the service life of the galvanic pile is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity sensing according to the present invention, wherein fig. 1-1 and fig. 1-2 are views from two different angles.
Fig. 2 is a development view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a development view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled fuel cell stack anode plate with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cathode plate of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled fuel cell stack membrane electrode with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of a cathode-segment current collector in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a cathode-partitioned current collector in accordance with the present invention, wherein fig. 8-1 is a plan view and fig. 8-2 is a perspective view.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the back side wiring of the cathode-segmented current collector of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the distribution of components on the back surface of the cathode-segment current collector in the present invention, wherein fig. 10-1 is a plan view and fig. 10-2 is a perspective view.
Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of current density distribution of an air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the air temperature and humidity at the outlet end of the air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an anode end plate, 2, an anode insulating plate, 3, an anode current collecting plate, 4, an anode pole plate, 4-1, a sealing groove of the anode pole plate, 4-2, a hydrogen flow channel ridge, 4-3, a hydrogen flow channel, 5, a membrane electrode, 5-1, a frame at the periphery of the membrane electrode, 5-2, a catalyst layer, 5-3, a carbon paper covering area, 6, a cathode pole plate, 6-1, a sealing groove, 6-2, a sealing groove, 6-3, an air flow channel ridge, 6-4, an air flow channel, 7, a cathode subarea current collecting plate, 7-1, a current collecting pole, 7-2, a current collecting layer current conducting through hole, 7-3, a voltage signal grounding through hole, 7-4, a voltage signal conducting through hole, 7-5, a subarea current collecting layer, 7-6, a subarea current conducting hole, 7-7, a back current collecting copper layer, 7-8 copper layer pins, 7-9 partition copper layers, 7-10 diversion lines, 7-11 voltage signal grounding pins, 7-12 voltage signal grounding pin external connection sockets, 7-13 voltage signal pins, 7-14 voltage signal pin external connection sockets, 7-15 temperature and humidity sensor signal pins, 7-16 temperature and humidity signal pin external connection sockets, 8 cathode insulating plates, 9 cathode end plates, 10 fastening bolts, 11 air outlet temperature and humidity sensors, 11-1 air outlet end temperature and humidity sensor mounting pins, 11-2 air outlet end temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuits, 12 hydrogen outlets, 13 hydrogen inlets, 14 air inlet temperature and humidity sensors, 14-1, an air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor mounting pin, 14-2, a temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, 15, a temperature and humidity sensor data external transmission pin, 15-1, a temperature and humidity sensor signal transmission wiring, 16, a hydrogen flowing direction and 17, a current sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; wherein, the sealing groove (4-1) which is an anode plate is used for sealing hydrogen on the anode side; in the anode side hydrogen flow channel (4-3) and the channel ridge (4-2), hydrogen gas flows through the parallel zigzag flow channel (4-3) from the hydrogen gas inlet (13) to the hydrogen gas outlet (12) to supply fuel required by the reaction zone.
The invention designs a novel real-time monitoring device for cathode current distribution and cathode air inlet and outlet temperature and humidity distribution of an air-cooled fuel cell.
Fig. 1 is a view showing an air-cooled fuel cell device having a current and outlet air temperature and humidity distribution monitoring function, and fig. 2 and 3 are expanded views of the fuel cell device. Wherein the fastening bolt (10) is matched with the anode end plate (1) and the cathode end plate (9) and is used for fastening the whole battery device; an anode insulating plate (2) and a cathode-side insulating plate (8) for insulating the conductive member from the end plate fastener; the anode current collecting plate (3) is a copper plate and is used for collecting current on the anode side; the cathode partition current collecting plate (7) is a partition current collecting device designed based on a printed circuit board and is used for detecting the current distribution on the cathode side; a temperature and humidity sensor (14) integrated on the cathode partition collector plate (7) and used for detecting the temperature and humidity of air at the inlet end of the cathode on line; a temperature and humidity sensor array (11) integrated on the cathode partition current collecting plate (7) and used for detecting the temperature distribution and the humidity distribution of air at the outlet end of the cathode on line; the anode plate (4) and the cathode plate (6) are graphite plates, and an anode hydrogen flow channel and a cathode air flow channel are respectively designed on the graphite plates; the air-cooled pile membrane electrode (5) is formed by coating anode and cathode catalysts on two sides of a proton exchange membrane and covering gas diffusion carbon paper on a catalyst layer. In the assembled relationship of the components in fig. 2 and 3, all components are fastened by fastening bolts (10), hydrogen gas is introduced from the anode hydrogen inlet (13) and exhaust gas is discharged from the anode hydrogen outlet (12).
The sealing groove (6-1) of the cathode plate is used for sealing the positions of the hydrogen inlet (13) and the hydrogen outlet (12); in the cathode side air flow channel (6-4) and the flow channel ridge (6-3), air passes through the parallel straight flow channel (6-4) and flows from one side of the battery to the other side, the direction is shown by an arrow in the figure, and the air not only provides oxygen required by cathode reaction, but also provides cooling air required by forced convection heat dissipation.
Fig. 6 shows an air-cooled fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (5). The catalyst layers (5-2) comprise an anode and a cathode, and catalysts of the anode and the cathode are coated on two sides of the proton exchange membrane to form the catalyst layers with the micron-scale thickness; the dotted line frame (5-3) is a gas diffusion carbon paper covering area, and the outer sides of the anode and cathode catalyst layers are respectively covered with an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer; and a frame (5-1) at the periphery of the membrane electrode, which is generally made of a PET plastic film material, is used for packaging and edge sealing of the membrane electrode.
Fig. 7 is a front view of a current distribution monitoring plate on the cathode side of an air-cooled fuel cell (front surface, i.e., the surface that is attached to the plate (6) of the air-cooled stack cathode) to collect reaction current, the assembly being fabricated by Printed Circuit Board (PCB) processing, wherein the hydrogen inlet (13) and the hydrogen outlet (12); the hydrogen flow direction is the dotted line (16) which is consistent with the flow path shown by the flow channel (4-3) in the anode plate, the partitioned collecting copper layers (7-5) which are mutually electrically isolated are distributed into a collecting matrix along the hydrogen flow channel direction, the X direction is 12 partitions, the Y direction is 5 partitions, the total number of the partitions on a two-dimensional plane is 60, the inner wall of the through hole of the current conduction through hole (7-6) at the center of each partition contains copper and has the electric conduction function of two sides of the PCB so as to conduct the collected current to the back of the PCB, the current collection layer (7-1) on the front of the PCB is a copper layer, the inner wall of the through hole of the current conduction through hole (7-2) contains copper and has the electric conduction function of two sides of the PCB so as to conduct the current collection layer (7-1) on the front and the current collection layer (7-7) on the back as copper layers, the voltage signal conduction through hole (7-4) is used for connecting the current sensor (17), the precise resistance which is generally of a constant value of 1-10 milliohms, the voltage signal conduction pin (7-3) is used as the ground terminal and is connected with the temperature and humidity sensor (14) for installing the temperature and humidity sensor (17) at the other end An air outlet end temperature and humidity sensor array mounting pin (11-1) is used for mounting an outlet end temperature and humidity sensor; temperature and humidity sensor data external transmission pins (15) are used for outputting temperature and humidity data.
Fig. 8 shows the current distribution on the cathode side of the air-cooled fuel cell and the front side of the inlet and outlet temperature and humidity monitoring plate, which is integrated with a temperature and humidity sensor. Wherein, the temperature and humidity sensor (14) at the inlet is used for detecting the temperature and humidity of the air at the inlet end of the cathode on line; the current detection partitions are 5 rows and 12 columns in total, wherein 5 partitions are arranged in each 1 column along the air flowing direction; and the number of the temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuits (11-2) at the outlets is 12, n is a number from 1 to 12, each temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (11-2) at the outlet corresponds to a corresponding row of subareas, and the temperature and humidity of the air after reaction discharge through the 5 subareas of the row are detected in real time.
Fig. 9 is the back side of the cathode side current distribution monitoring plate of the air-cooled fuel cell. The relative positions of the partitioned copper layers (7-9) which are mutually electrically isolated correspond to the partitioned copper collecting layers (7-5) on the front surface of the PCB one by one, and the partitioned copper collecting layers (7-5) and the partitioned copper layers (7-9) are conducted through the current conduction through holes (7-6) at the central positions of all the partitions respectively; the current guiding path (7-10) of the copper layer guides the collected current of each subarea to the current collecting copper layer (7-7) of the back surface; one end of the current sensor (17) is welded to the copper layer pins (7-8), and the other end is welded to the current collection copper layer (7-7).
Therefore, the current of each subarea is collected by a subarea copper collecting layer 7-5 on the front surface of the cathode subarea current collecting plate (7), conducted to a subarea copper layer (7-9) on the back surface through a current conducting through hole (7-6), conducted to a copper layer pin (7-8) through a corresponding copper layer current guiding path (7-10), converged to the copper collecting layer (7-7) through a current sensor (17), and fixedly connected to a current conducting through hole (7-2) of the current collecting layer through an external circuit lead screw, so as to be connected to an electronic load, and an external current loop is formed. The voltage difference is generated at two ends of the current sensor (17) due to the passing of the current, the voltage value is collected in real time, so that the collected current signals of all the subareas are converted into voltage signals which can be monitored and read in real time, and accurate real-time monitoring of the current of all the subareas of the fuel cell is realized through a certain signal amplification circuit.
The temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (14-2) at the air inlet end and the temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (11-3) at the air outlet end are used for processing analog signals received by the temperature and humidity sensors, 12 temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuits are arranged in the design scheme, n is a number from 1 to 12, and corresponds to the temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (11-2) at each outlet; and temperature and humidity sensor signal transmission wiring is used for transmitting signals output by a temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (14-2) at an air inlet end and a temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit (11-2) at an air outlet end to a temperature and humidity sensor data external transmission pin.
Fig. 10 shows a current distribution monitoring plate on the cathode side of an air-cooled fuel cell, integrated current sensor and signal jack, back side. One end of the current sensor (17) is welded on the copper layer pin (7-8), and the other end is welded on the current collection copper layer (7-7); an external socket (7-12) of the grounding pin is arranged around the voltage signal grounding pin (7-11) at one side of the current sensor; a voltage signal pin (7-13) on the other side of the current sensor corresponds to an external socket (7-14) of the voltage signal pin around one current acquisition subarea for each pin; external connection sockets (7-16) of temperature and humidity signal pins are arranged around the temperature and humidity sensor signal pins (7-15), and each pin corresponds to one temperature and humidity sensor;
fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an air-cooled fuel cell device with cathode side current distribution monitoring, the cross-section being parallel to the air flow path direction. X and · each represent a hydrogen gas flow direction inside each hydrogen gas flow channel, x represents a direction perpendicular to the paper surface inward, and · represents a direction perpendicular to the paper surface outward.
Taking fig. 12 as an example, a typical current distribution diagram of a partitioned battery test according to the present invention is shown. In the figure, the horizontal axis Seg (X, Y) represents the number of the segments, the vertical axis I (X, Y) represents the current value of the segment-collected current, the broken line marked by AnF represents the hydrogen flow path, and the broken line marked by CaF represents the air flow path. As shown, the reactivity of the local regions of the stack is not completely uniform and may vary greatly.
Under the rated working current of the galvanic pile, the humidity of the air inlet end of the cathode is lower (because the air excess coefficient is higher and the temperature of the galvanic pile is ten to dozens of degrees higher than the room temperature), the water content of the proton exchange membrane at the air inlet is lower, higher proton conduction internal resistance is presented, and the current values of I (1, 5) -I (12, 5) are lower; and the humidity of the air outlet end of the cathode is high (due to the gradual accumulation of water generated by the cathode), the water content of the proton exchange membrane at the air outlet is high, the proton conductivity is high, and the current values from I (1, 1) to I (12, 1) are high.
The partition design of the invention is designed along the path of the anode hydrogen flow path, so that the detected current distribution and humidity distribution also comprise influence factors brought by a hydrogen flow field (hydrogen flows along the anode flow path, the variation comprises 1. Hydrogen is gradually consumed, the hydrogen concentration is reduced, 2. Water generated by the cathode is back-diffused to the anode to form accumulation of water content in the anode flow path, the water concentration is improved, and liquid water is possibly formed at some local positions, 3. The anode gas pressure is gradually reduced along the flow path along with the pressure loss of the gas along the flow path along with the reaction, the cell equilibrium potential Nernst voltage and the porous medium diffusion mass transfer process are slightly influenced), and the factors are coupled with the cathode air flow path design opposite to the membrane electrode and an air flow control scheme to jointly determine the overall performance output and the current distribution of the cell. A research and development designer can provide an optimization basis for the design optimization of the anode hydrogen flow field of the galvanic pile based on the current distribution and the humidity distribution detection.
Parameters such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, operating temperature, operating current, and air flow all affect the voltage and current distribution of the fuel cell stack. In addition, the current load of other areas is inevitably increased due to the excessively low local current, so that the electrochemical reaction polarization of other areas is increased, and finally the whole output voltage of the galvanic pile is reduced, the dry and wet areas in the membrane electrode are extremely inconsistent, and the performance and the service life of the galvanic pile are reduced under the condition of long-term working. The subarea current collecting device provided by the invention can optimize the operation parameters and the control strategy of the galvanic pile by taking the current distribution uniformity as an evaluation index. Fig. 13 is a graph illustrating a distribution of temperature and humidity at the air outlet of a typical fuel cell based on a zone cell test according to the present invention. The horizontal axis Sensor index S (1 to 12) represents the number of the partition, the vertical axis RH represents the humidity distribution value, and the vertical axis T represents the temperature distribution value. S (1) is the number of the detection data of the temperature and humidity sensor 11-2 at the outlet of the first column of subareas, and S (2) -S (12) are analogized in sequence. By temperature and humidity distribution detection (shown in fig. 13) at the outlet of the 12 rows of subareas, and combining temperature and humidity detection at the inlet 14 and reflecting current distribution, the distribution condition of the air cooling and heat dissipation effect in the galvanic pile can be obtained, so that the design of the cathode flow channel of the air-cooled galvanic pile and the design of the peripheral air diversion of the galvanic pile are optimized. Meanwhile, the operation conditions of the galvanic pile can be optimized, the conditions that the humidity of a local area is too low and the temperature is too high are avoided, and the service life of the galvanic pile is prolonged.
Claims (3)
1. An air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection, the air-cooled fuel cell stack comprising sequentially stacked: the anode collector comprises an anode end plate, an anode insulating plate, an anode current collector, an anode polar plate, a membrane electrode, a cathode polar plate, a cathode partition current collector, a cathode insulating plate and a cathode end plate; fastening holes are correspondingly arranged on the cathode end plate and the anode end plate, and bolts and nuts are adopted to enable all devices between the cathode end plate and the anode end plate to be tightly attached; the anode insulating plate, the anode current collecting plate, the anode plate, the membrane electrode, the cathode plate and the cathode partition current collecting plate are correspondingly provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet at two sides of the plate surface; the hydrogen inlets on the anode end plate, the anode insulating plate, the anode collector plate, the anode polar plate, the membrane electrode, the cathode polar plate and the cathode partition collector plate are communicated with each other, and the hydrogen outlets are also communicated with each other;
the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the anode plate are communicated by adopting a hydrogen flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel is arranged on one side of the anode plate, which is tightly attached to the membrane electrode, the outer ring layer of the side is provided with a circle of anode plate sealing groove, and the anode plate sealing groove surrounds the hydrogen flow channel, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet and is used for placing a sealing collar; sealing grooves are arranged at the peripheries of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet on the other side of the anode plate;
the membrane electrode comprises: the carbon paper is larger than the catalysis layer in size and covers the surfaces of the two sides of the catalysis layer respectively;
sealing grooves are formed in the front and back of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the cathode plate and used for placing sealing collars, and a plurality of linear air flow channels are arranged in parallel on one side, close to the membrane electrode of the air galvanic pile, between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the cathode plate;
the cathode partition collector plate comprises a front surface and a back surface, wherein the front surface is a surface tightly attached to the cathode plate, and the back surface is a surface tightly attached to the cathode insulating plate; the positive face of the cathode partition current collecting plate comprises: the device comprises a plurality of subarea current collecting layers, a plurality of voltage signal conducting through holes, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collecting electrode, a plurality of collecting electrode current conducting holes, an air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor and a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensors, wherein the subarea current collecting layers are arranged in an array; the position of the array formed by the subarea current collecting layers corresponds to the position of the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate, the subarea current collecting layers are tightly attached to the surface of the front surface of the cathode subarea current collecting plate, the subarea current collecting layers are electrically isolated, and the center of each subarea current collecting layer is provided with a current conducting hole of the current collecting layer; the current collector is a straight strip patch; the number of the voltage signal conduction through holes is the same as that of the subarea current collecting layers, and the voltage signal conduction through holes are arranged in a row and are parallel to the current collecting electrode; the collector current conduction through holes are sequentially and uniformly arranged in the current collector, and the voltage signal grounding through hole is arranged at the tail end of the current collector; the voltage signal conduction through hole and the current collector protrude out of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and are not overlapped with the structure adjacent to the cathode partition collector plate; the tail ends of the row of voltage signal conduction through holes are provided with an air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor for detecting the temperature and humidity of air at an inlet; a row of a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on the other side, opposite to the air inlet end temperature and humidity sensor, of the front face of the cathode partition collector plate and used for detecting air temperature and humidity at a plurality of positions of an outlet;
the back of the cathode partition current collecting plate comprises: the device comprises a plurality of partition copper layers, a plurality of copper layer diversion lines, a plurality of voltage signal conduction through holes, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector, a plurality of collector current conduction holes, an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, a plurality of air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuits and a plurality of current sensors, wherein the collector current conduction through hole is formed in the center of each partition copper layer, and the number of the current sensors is the same as that of the partition copper layers; the positions of a partition copper layer, a voltage signal conduction through hole, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector and a collector current conducting hole on the back face correspond to the positions of a partition current collecting layer, a voltage signal conduction through hole, a voltage signal grounding through hole, a current collector and a collector current conducting hole on the front face one by one, the number of copper layer current guiding lines is the same as that of the partition copper layers, one end of each copper layer current guiding line is connected with one partition copper layer, the other end of each copper layer current guiding line is connected with one voltage signal conduction through hole and continues to extend for a certain distance, and a copper layer pin is arranged at the tail end of each copper layer current guiding line; each copper layer pin is correspondingly connected with one end of a current sensor, and the other end of the current sensor is connected with a voltage signal grounding through hole; each voltage signal grounding through hole is correspondingly provided with a grounding pin, and the outer sides of all the pins are provided with external jacks; each voltage signal conduction through hole is provided with a voltage signal pin, and the outer sides of all the pins are provided with external connection sockets; an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit is arranged at the back of the cathode partition collector plate corresponding to the position of the air inlet temperature and humidity sensor, and an air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit is arranged at the position corresponding to each air outlet temperature and humidity sensor; a row of temperature and humidity sensor signal pins are arranged on the outer side of the air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, each pin is connected with an air inlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit or an air outlet temperature and humidity sensor conditioning circuit, and an annular external socket is arranged outside the temperature and humidity sensor signal pins.
2. The air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity detection of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the anode plate are respectively located on opposite corners of the anode plate, two hydrogen flow channels are used to communicate the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen is divided into two hydrogen flow channels from the hydrogen inlet, the two hydrogen flow channels are transmitted in parallel and are transmitted to the hydrogen outlet by 4 180 degrees of roundabouts, and the spacing distance of the 10 hydrogen flow channels formed after the roundabouts is equal; the partition current collecting layer comprises five rows, the position of each row corresponds to two adjacent hydrogen flow channels with the same flow direction in the anode plate, and the position of the current conducting hole of the current collecting layer corresponds to a flow channel ridge between two adjacent hydrogen flow channels with the same flow direction in the anode plate.
3. The air-cooled fuel cell stack with inlet and outlet air humidity sensing of claim 1 wherein the anode current collector plate material is copper plate and the anode and cathode plates are graphite.
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| CN112229537B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Subarea test system for detecting current and temperature distribution of fuel cell |
| CN118016926B (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-06-07 | 北京氢璞创能科技有限公司 | Cathode closed structure of air cooling fuel cell |
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