CN113074098B - Piston type expansion compressor and application method and system thereof - Google Patents

Piston type expansion compressor and application method and system thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113074098B
CN113074098B CN202110340399.8A CN202110340399A CN113074098B CN 113074098 B CN113074098 B CN 113074098B CN 202110340399 A CN202110340399 A CN 202110340399A CN 113074098 B CN113074098 B CN 113074098B
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expansion
cavity
piston
compression
working medium
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CN113074098A (en
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史维秀
卢鑫海
王战中
潘利生
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B31/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1073—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/121—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/122—Cylinder block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/02—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of reciprocating-piston type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a piston type expansion compressor, which comprises an expansion compressor cylinder body, a cavity formed in the expansion compressor cylinder body and a piston arranged in the cavity, wherein a power part used for consuming electric energy to push the piston to move or convert the kinetic energy of the piston into electric energy is arranged on one side of the expansion compressor cylinder body, a low-pressure working medium chamber and a high-pressure working medium chamber communicated with the cavity are arranged on the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder body, and the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium enter or are discharged from the cavity in the reciprocating motion of the piston and complete the compression of the low-pressure working medium and the expansion work of the high-pressure working medium; also provided are methods and systems for using the piston expander; the piston type expansion compressor disclosed by the invention realizes the coupling of the expansion function and the compression function by sharing the piston, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate of parts and systems.

Description

Piston type expansion compressor and application method and system thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fluid expansion and compression, in particular to a piston type expansion compressor and an application method and system thereof.
Background
In recent years, the world has more and more demands for energy, and the efficient utilization of energy meets the sustainable development requirements of the human society. In cycles of thermal power generation, refrigeration, heat pumps, etc., there is a pressure increasing process and a pressure decreasing process. In a thermal power generation circulating system, the pressure of a working medium is reduced and the power is output outwards through an expansion part (a turbine or an expansion machine), and the pressure of the working medium is increased and the power is consumed through a pressurizing part (a pump or a compressor); in a refrigeration and heat pump circulating system, the pressure of a working medium is reduced and power is output outwards through an expansion part (an expansion valve, a throttle valve, a capillary tube or an expansion machine), and the pressure of the working medium is increased and power is consumed through a pressurization part (a compressor). At present, no matter a positive circulation system of thermal power generation or a reverse circulation system of a refrigeration heat pump, an expansion part and a pressurization part are both independently arranged, namely the expansion part of the positive circulation outputs power (such as electric energy) to the outside of the system, and the pressurization part consumes the power (such as electric energy) input to the outside of the system; the compression part of the reverse cycle consumes the power (such as electric energy) input outside the system, and the expansion part outputs the power (such as electric energy) to the outside of the system or consumes the expansion work by means of adiabatic throttling. If the expansion process and the compression process are coupled through the equipment, power is transmitted from the expansion process to the compression process, the conversion process between energy sources can be reduced, and the performance of the thermodynamic system is improved.
(CN 211623711U) discloses a swing rotor type expansion compressor which can effectively recover expansion work in the throttling process and reduce the loss of cold energy; and the friction loss, the motion impact, the vibration and the noise caused by mechanical moving parts are reduced. But the structure is slightly complicated and the processing cost is higher. In addition, most similar techniques couple the expansion and compression members through a common coupling or rotor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a piston type expansion compressor and an application method and a system thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that an expansion part and a pressurization part are arranged independently, the energy conversion process is more, and the performance of a thermodynamic system is not high in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a piston type expansion compressor, including the expansion compressor cylinder body, be formed in cavity in the expansion compressor cylinder body and set up in piston in the cavity one side of expansion compressor cylinder body is provided with and is used for consuming the electric energy and promotes piston motion or will piston kinetic energy is to the power spare that the electric energy changed the opposite side of expansion compressor cylinder body dispose with low pressure working medium room and the high pressure working medium room that the cavity is linked together, low pressure working medium with high pressure working medium is in get into or discharge in the reciprocating motion of piston the cavity is accomplished the compression of low pressure working medium and the work of expanding of high pressure working medium.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the cavity body is composed of a compression cavity and an expansion cavity which are formed inside the expansion compression cylinder body and are independent of each other, the piston includes a compression part disposed in the compression cavity and an expansion part disposed in the expansion cavity, the compression end and the expansion end extend to one side of the expansion compressor cylinder body and are connected to the power member together to realize simultaneous movement of the compression end and the expansion end, and an expansion compressor end cover covers the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder body through a sealing gasket.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the power component includes a connecting rod-slider mechanism and a driving mechanism connected to one end of the connecting rod-slider mechanism, the driving mechanism is one of a cam, an eccentric wheel or a crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism which is driven or driven by a motor, and the other end of the connecting rod-slider mechanism is connected to the piston for converting the horizontal motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the motor.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression air inlet channel and a compression air outlet channel which are arranged on an end cover of the expansion compressor;
the compression air inlet channel extends inwards and is formed in a compression air inlet cavity communicated with the compression cavity, and an air inlet plate spring valve plate used for driving the compression air inlet channel to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression cavity through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage extends inwards and is formed in a compression exhaust cavity communicated with the compression cavity, and an exhaust plate spring valve plate used for driving the compression exhaust passage to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity through a positioning pin.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the high-pressure working medium chamber comprises an expansion air inlet channel and an expansion exhaust channel which are arranged on an end cover of the expansion compressor;
the expansion air inlet channel extends inwards to form an expansion air inlet cavity communicated with the expansion cavity, and an expansion air inlet valve for controlling the opening and closing of the expansion air inlet channel is mounted on the expansion air inlet channel;
the expansion exhaust passage extends inwards to form an expansion exhaust cavity communicated with the expansion cavity, and an expansion exhaust valve for controlling the opening and closing of the expansion exhaust passage is mounted on the expansion exhaust passage;
the expansion inlet valve and the expansion outlet valve are driven by an electromagnet or by an interlocking structure in communication with a drive mechanism.
Based on the above, the present invention provides an application method of the piston type expansion compressor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, pushing the piston to move towards the direction close to the power part, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, filling the compression cavity with the low-pressure working medium, introducing a certain amount of high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, stopping introducing the high-pressure working medium, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity, and applying work to the piston;
step 200, pushing the piston to move in the direction away from the power part, discharging the high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity, discharging the low-pressure working medium after being compressed in the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium;
and step 300, repeating the step 100 and the step 200, and enabling the piston to reciprocate to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 100, the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity expands to apply work to the piston to drive or assist to drive the piston to move toward the direction close to the power component, and output electric energy to the outside through the power component;
in step 200, the power member consumes electrical energy to drive the piston away from the power member against the frictional resistance.
In addition, the invention provides an application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor, which comprises an evaporator and a condenser, wherein the evaporator and the condenser are connected with the piston type expansion compressor to form a circulation loop, the outlet end of a compression cavity of the piston type expansion compressor is connected with the inlet end of the evaporator so that a high-pressure working medium is absorbed and heated in the evaporator to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the outlet end of the evaporator is connected with an expansion cavity of the piston type expansion compressor so that a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expansion cavity, a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium after expansion and work of the expansion cavity enters the condenser to be cooled into liquid, and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the compression cavity so as to realize pressurization of the liquid working medium.
The invention also provides another application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor, which comprises an evaporator and a condenser, wherein the evaporator and the condenser are connected with the piston type expansion compressor to form a circulation loop, an outlet of an expansion cavity of the piston type expansion compressor is connected with an inlet of the evaporator so that low-temperature and low-pressure working media are thermally evaporated into a gas state in the evaporator, the gas working media passing through the outlet of the evaporator enter a compression cavity of the piston type expansion compressor to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression cavity is connected with an inlet of the condenser so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working media are cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working media passing through the outlet of the condenser enter the expansion cavity to be expanded to do work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the piston type expansion compressor disclosed by the invention realizes the coupling of the expansion function and the compression function through the shared piston, greatly improves the energy utilization rate of parts and a system, and greatly improves the operating efficiency of energy conversion systems such as thermal power generation, refrigeration, heat pumps and the like through the coupling of the safe, reliable and efficient expansion function and the compression function.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a piston type expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a section K-K of a piston expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first application system of a piston type expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second application system of a piston type expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1-expansion compressor end cover, 2-exhaust leaf spring valve plate, 3-sealing gasket, 4-intake leaf spring valve plate, 5-expansion compressor cylinder body, 6-expansion cavity sealing ring, 7-compression cavity sealing ring, 8-piston, 9-expansion exhaust valve, 10-expansion intake valve, 11-sealing ring, 12-compression cavity, 13-expansion cavity, 14-compression intake cavity, 15-expansion intake cavity, 16-compression exhaust cavity, 17-expansion exhaust cavity, 18-expansion intake channel, 19-compression intake channel, 20-compression exhaust channel, 21-expansion exhaust channel, C-1-evaporator, C-2-condenser and C-3-piston type expansion compressor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a piston type expansion compressor, which is characterized by comprising an expansion compressor cylinder 5, a cavity formed in the expansion compressor cylinder 5, and a piston 8 arranged in the cavity, wherein a power member for consuming electric energy to push the piston 8 to move or convert kinetic energy of the piston 8 into electric energy is arranged on one side of the expansion compressor cylinder 5, a low pressure working medium chamber and a high pressure working medium chamber communicated with the cavity are arranged on the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder 5, and the low pressure working medium and the high pressure working medium enter or are discharged from the cavity in the reciprocating motion of the piston 8 to complete compression of the low pressure working medium and expansion work of the high pressure working medium.
The cavity body is composed of a compression cavity 12 and an expansion cavity 13 which are formed inside the expansion compression cylinder body 5 and are mutually independent, the piston 8 comprises a compression part arranged in the compression cavity 12 and an expansion part arranged in the expansion cavity 13, the compression end and the expansion end extend to one side of the expansion compressor cylinder body and are connected with the power part together to realize the simultaneous movement of the compression end and the expansion end, and the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder body 5 is covered with an expansion compressor end cover 1 through a sealing gasket 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, as an example of a specific shape of the expansion chamber 13 and the compression chamber 12, the compression chamber 12 is a cylindrical chamber opened at the center of the expansion-compression cylinder 5, the expansion chamber 13 is another annular chamber outside the same, in order to ensure the sealing performance of the compression chamber 12 and the expansion chamber 13, the compression seal ring 7 is installed on the inner wall of the compression chamber 12, the seal ring 11 is installed on the inner annular wall of the expansion chamber 13, and the expansion seal ring 6 is installed on the outer annular wall thereof.
The internal cavity of the expansion compressor is composed of an expansion cavity 13 and a compression cavity 12, the expansion cavity 13 and the compression cavity 12 can be set to be equal cross section and unequal cross section according to application occasions and specific working conditions, and when the expansion compressor is applied to a refrigeration and heat pump circulating system, the cross section area of the compression cavity 12 is larger than that of the expansion cavity 13; when the expansion compressor is applied to a power generation cycle system, the cross-sectional area of the expansion chamber 13 is larger than that of the compression chamber 12. When the cross sections are unequal, the ratio of the cross sections of the compression chamber 12 to the expansion chamber 13 is equal to the ratio of the volume flow rates of the compressed fluid and the expansion fluid, and the ratio of the cross sections of the compression side and the expansion side of the corresponding piston 8 is also equal to the ratio of the volume flow rates of the compressed fluid and the expansion fluid.
The power part comprises a connecting rod sliding block mechanism and a driving mechanism connected with one end of the connecting rod sliding block mechanism, the driving mechanism is one of a cam, an eccentric wheel or a crankshaft connecting rod mechanism which is driven by a motor or drives the motor, and the other end of the connecting rod sliding block mechanism is connected with the piston 8 and used for realizing the conversion between the horizontal motion of the piston 8 and the rotary motion of the motor.
Further, the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression air inlet channel 19 and a compression air outlet channel 20 which are arranged on the expansion compressor end cover 1;
the compression air inlet channel 19 extends inwards and is formed in a compression air inlet cavity 14 communicated with the compression cavity 12, and an air inlet plate spring valve plate 4 used for driving the compression air inlet channel 19 to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression cavity 12 through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage 20 extends inwards and is formed in a compression exhaust cavity 16 communicated with the compression cavity 12, and an exhaust plate spring valve plate 2 used for driving the compression exhaust passage 20 to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity 16 through a positioning pin.
The high-pressure working medium chamber comprises an expansion air inlet channel 18 and an expansion air outlet channel 21 which are arranged on the expansion compressor end cover 1;
the expansion air inlet channel 18 extends inwards to form an expansion air inlet cavity 15 communicated with the expansion cavity 13, and an expansion air inlet valve 10 which is driven by electromagnetism or driven by an interlocking structure connected with a cam (an eccentric wheel and a crankshaft connecting rod) to open and close the expansion air inlet channel 18 is arranged on the expansion air inlet channel 18;
the expansion exhaust passage 21 extends inwards to form an expansion exhaust cavity 17 communicated with the expansion cavity 13, and an expansion exhaust valve 9 which is driven by electromagnetism or a linkage structure connected with a cam (an eccentric wheel and a crankshaft connecting rod) to drive the expansion exhaust passage 21 to open and close is arranged on the expansion exhaust passage 21.
The expansion inlet valve 10 and the expansion outlet valve 9 of the expansion chamber 13 are responsible for realizing the communication and disconnection of the expansion inlet channel 18 and the expansion outlet channel 21, and are driven by electromagnetism or an interlocking structure connected with a cam (an eccentric wheel and a crankshaft connecting rod) to perform opening and closing actions according to the moving direction and the position of the piston 8. The opening and closing of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve of the expansion cavity 13 are realized by monitoring parameters such as the rotation angle of a cam (an eccentric wheel, a crankshaft connecting rod) and the like and driving corresponding circuit to respond or act in an interlocking structure. And the air inlet plate spring valve plate 4 and the exhaust plate spring valve 2 of the compression cavity 12 are responsible for realizing communication and disconnection of an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel of the compression cavity 12. The air inlet plate spring valve plate 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the compression cavity 12 through a positioning pin, and the exhaust plate spring valve plate 2 is fixed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity 16 through a positioning pin. The leaf spring valve plate is driven to open and close by a fluid pressure difference between both sides thereof.
The outer side of the piston 8 is connected with a cam, an eccentric wheel or a crankshaft connecting rod structure through a connecting rod sliding block mechanism, and then is connected with a motor, and the motor can realize electric energy driving and power generation output. The structure formed by the connecting rod sliding block mechanism and the cam, the eccentric wheel or the crankshaft connecting rod can realize the conversion between the horizontal motion of the piston 8 and the rotary motion of the motor.
The compression stroke of the expansion compressor, the mechanical work consumed by the system and the electric energy consumed by the motor are used for compressing and transporting working media and overcoming the friction force between the piston and the wall surface. In the expansion stroke of the expansion compressor, the working medium expands to push the piston to move, the working medium to be compressed is sucked, the friction force between the piston and the wall surface is overcome, mechanical power is output outwards, and the motor generates power outwards. In order to prevent the piston 8 from impacting the end faces of the compression chamber 12 and the expansion chamber 13 and to prevent the occurrence of liquid slugging.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an application method of the piston type expansion compressor, which comprises the following steps:
step 100, pushing the piston to move towards the direction close to the power part, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, filling the compression cavity with the low-pressure working medium, introducing a certain amount of high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, stopping introducing the high-pressure working medium, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity, and applying work to the piston;
step 200, pushing the piston to move in the direction away from the power part, discharging the high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity, discharging the low-pressure working medium after being compressed in the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium;
and step 300, repeating the step 100 and the step 200, and enabling the piston to reciprocate to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
The motion process of the piston is specifically analyzed:
compression side:
low-pressure fluid is conveyed to the compression inlet cavity 14 by the compression inlet channel 19, when the piston 8 moves from the left dead center to the right, the pressure in the compression cavity 12 is reduced to be lower than the pressure in the compression inlet cavity 14, when the pressure difference between two sides of the intake leaf spring valve plate 4 is large enough, the intake leaf spring valve plate 4 is opened, the low-pressure fluid starts to enter the compression cavity 12, when the piston 8 moves to the right dead center, the intake leaf spring valve plate 4 is closed, the low-pressure fluid stops entering the compression cavity 12, and at this time, the compression cavity 12 is filled with the low-pressure fluid;
when the piston 8 moves from the right dead center to the left, the pressure in the compression cavity 12 is continuously increased until the pressure is higher than the pressure in the compression exhaust cavity 16, when the pressure difference between the two sides of the exhaust leaf spring valve plate 2 is large enough, the exhaust leaf spring valve plate 2 is opened, high-pressure fluid starts to enter the compression exhaust cavity 16, when the piston 8 moves to the left dead center, the exhaust leaf spring valve plate 2 is closed, the high-pressure fluid stops entering the compression exhaust cavity 16, and the high-pressure fluid discharged into the compression exhaust cavity 16 is conveyed to the circulating system by the compression exhaust passage 20.
Expansion side:
when the piston 8 moves from the left dead center to the right, the expansion air inlet valve 10 is opened, high-pressure fluid is conveyed to the expansion cavity 13 through the expansion air inlet channel 18, when the piston 8 moves from the left to the right for a certain distance, the expansion air inlet valve 10 is closed 10, the high-pressure fluid expands in the closed expansion cavity 13 and applies work to the piston 8,
the piston 8 is pushed to move towards the right continuously, when the piston 8 moves to the right dead center, the expansion exhaust valve 9 is opened, the expanded low-pressure fluid is exhausted out of the expansion cavity 13 through the expansion exhaust passage 21 along with the leftward movement of the piston 8, when the piston 8 moves to the left dead center, all the low-pressure fluid is conveyed to the circulating system through the expansion exhaust passage 21, and the expansion exhaust valve 9 is closed.
In step 100, the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity expands to apply work on the piston to drive or assist to drive the piston to move towards the direction close to the power part and output electric energy outwards through the power part;
in step 200, the power member consumes electrical energy to drive the piston away from the power member against the frictional resistance.
That is, when the piston 8 moves leftward, mechanical work is consumed for compressing the fluid in the compression chamber 12, and when the piston 8 moves rightward, the fluid in the expansion chamber 13 expands to apply work to the piston 8. The piston 8 is in communication with an external electrical machine via a connecting rod-and-slider mechanism and a cam, eccentric or crankshaft connecting rod. The power consumption stroke of the piston 8 moving leftwards and the power stroke moving rightwards enable the motor to have periodic power consumption and power output effects. Through the rectifier element, the stable demand or stable output of the motor to the electric energy can be realized
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an application system including the above-mentioned piston type expansion compressor, including an evaporator C-1 and a condenser C-2 connected to the piston type expansion compressor C-3 and forming a circulation loop, an outlet end of a compression cavity 12 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 is connected to an inlet end of the evaporator C-1 so that a high-pressure working medium is heated in the evaporator C-1 to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet end of the evaporator C-1 is connected to an expansion cavity 13 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 so that a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expansion cavity 13, a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium after being expanded by the expansion cavity 13 enters the condenser C-2 to be cooled into a liquid, and an outlet of the condenser C-2 is connected to the compression cavity 12 so as to pressurize the liquid working medium.
The system is a positive cycle thermal power generation system, the expansion work obtained by the piston 8 is larger than the consumed compression work, and the comprehensive effect of the expansion compressor C-3 is that electric energy is output outwards.
The specific operation process is as follows: the high-pressure working medium absorbs heat in the evaporator C-1 to reach a high-temperature high-pressure state, then enters the expansion cavity 13 of the expansion compressor C-3 to do work through expansion, the low-temperature low-pressure working medium after doing work enters the condenser C-2, is cooled and condensed into a liquid state in the condenser C-2, and is conveyed to the compression cavity 12 of the expansion compressor C-3 through a pipeline, and the liquid working medium is pressurized and conveyed to the evaporator C-1 in the compression cavity 12, so that a cycle is completed. The system is an expansion compressor C-3 and is used in a reverse circulation refrigeration and heat pump system.
As shown in fig. 4, another application system including the above piston-type expansion compressor is further provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and includes an evaporator C-1 and a condenser C-2 connected to the piston-type expansion compressor C-3 to form a circulation loop, an outlet of an expansion cavity 13 of the piston-type expansion compressor C-3 is connected to an inlet of the evaporator C-1 to enable a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium to be evaporated into a gaseous state in the evaporator C-1 by heat absorption, the gaseous working medium passing through the outlet of the evaporator C-1 enters a compression cavity 12 of the piston-type expansion compressor C-3 to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression cavity 12 is connected to an inlet of the condenser C-2 to enable the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium to be cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium passing through the outlet of the condenser C-2 enters the expansion cavity 13 to be expanded to do work
The system is a reverse circulation refrigeration and heat pump system, the compression work consumed by the piston 8 is larger than the obtained expansion work, and the comprehensive effect of the expansion compressor C-3 is that the external electric energy is consumed.
The specific operation process is as follows:
the low-temperature low-pressure working medium absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporator C-1 and supplies cold outwards, then the gaseous working medium enters the compression cavity 12 of the expansion compressor C-3 and is compressed to a high-temperature high-pressure state, then enters the condenser C-2 and is cooled and condensed into a liquid state, the liquid working medium continues to enter the expansion cavity 13 of the expansion compressor C-3 and expands in the expansion cavity 13 to do work, and the low-temperature low-pressure working medium coming out of the expansion cavity 13 of the expansion compressor C-3 enters the condenser C-2, so that a cycle is completed. In the reverse circulation refrigeration and heat pump system, the compression work consumed by the piston 8 is larger than the obtained expansion work, and the comprehensive effect of the expansion compressor C-3 is to consume the external electric energy
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A piston type expansion compressor is characterized in that,
the device comprises an expansion compressor cylinder body (5), a cavity formed in the expansion compressor cylinder body (5) and a piston (8) arranged in the cavity, wherein a power part for consuming electric energy to push the piston (8) to move or convert the kinetic energy of the piston (8) into the electric energy is arranged on one side of the expansion compressor cylinder body (5);
the cavity body consists of a compression cavity (12) and an expansion cavity (13) which are formed inside the expansion compressor cylinder body (5) and are mutually independent, the piston (8) comprises a compression part arranged in the compression cavity (12) and an expansion part arranged in the expansion cavity (13), the compression part and the expansion part extend to the same side of the expansion compressor cylinder body (5) and are connected with the power part together to realize the synchronous movement of the compression part and the expansion part, the spaces of the compression cavity (12) and the expansion cavity (13) are changed synchronously, and an expansion compressor end cover (1) is covered on the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder body (5) through a sealing gasket (3);
a low-pressure working medium chamber and a high-pressure working medium chamber which are communicated with the cavity are arranged on the other side of the expansion compressor cylinder body (5), the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium enter or are discharged out of the cavity in the reciprocating movement of the piston (8) and complete the compression of the low-pressure working medium and the expansion work of the high-pressure working medium, and the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression air inlet channel (19) and a compression air outlet channel (20) which are arranged on an end cover (1) of the expansion compressor;
the compression air inlet channel (19) extends inwards and is formed in a compression air inlet cavity (14) communicated with the compression cavity (12), and an air inlet leaf spring valve plate (4) used for driving the compression air inlet channel (19) to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression cavity (12) through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage (20) extends inwards and is formed in a compression exhaust cavity (16) communicated with the compression cavity (12), and an exhaust plate spring valve plate (2) used for driving the compression exhaust passage (20) to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity (16) through a positioning pin;
the high-pressure working medium chamber comprises an expansion air inlet channel (18) and an expansion air outlet channel (21) which are arranged on the expansion compressor end cover (1);
the expansion air inlet channel (18) extends inwards to form an expansion air inlet cavity (15) communicated with the expansion cavity (13), and an expansion air inlet valve (10) used for controlling the expansion air inlet channel (18) to open and close is installed on the expansion air inlet channel (18);
the expansion exhaust channel (21) extends inwards to form an expansion exhaust cavity (17) communicated with the expansion cavity (13), and an expansion exhaust valve (9) used for controlling the expansion exhaust channel (21) to open and close is installed on the expansion exhaust channel (21).
2. A piston type expansion compressor according to claim 1, wherein said power member comprises a link-slider mechanism and a driving mechanism connected to one end of said link-slider mechanism, said driving mechanism being one of a cam, an eccentric wheel or a crankshaft-link mechanism which drives or drives a motor by a motor, and the other end of said link-slider mechanism being connected to said piston (8) for converting the horizontal movement of said piston (8) into the rotational movement of said motor.
3. A piston expansion compressor according to claim 2, characterized in that the expansion inlet valve (10) and the expansion outlet valve (9) are driven electromagnetically or by an interlocking arrangement in connection with a driving mechanism.
4. A method for applying a piston type expansion compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 100, pushing the piston to move towards the direction close to the power part, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, filling the compression cavity with the low-pressure working medium, introducing a quantitative high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, stopping introduction, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity, and applying work to the piston;
step 200, pushing the piston to move in the direction away from the power part, discharging the high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity, discharging the low-pressure working medium after being compressed in the compression cavity until the piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium;
and step 300, repeating the step 100 and the step 200, and enabling the piston to reciprocate to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
5. A method of using a piston type expansion compressor in accordance with claim 4,
in step 100, the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity expands to apply work to the piston so as to drive or assist in driving the piston to move towards the direction close to the power part and output electric energy outwards through the power part;
in step 200, the power member consumes electrical energy to drive the piston away from the power member against the frictional resistance.
6. An application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising an evaporator (C-1) and a condenser (C-2) which are connected with the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) and form a circulation loop, wherein the outlet end of a compression chamber (12) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) is connected with the inlet end of the evaporator (C-1) so as to enable a high-pressure working medium to be absorbed and heated in the evaporator (C-1) to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the outlet end of the evaporator (C-1) is connected with an expansion chamber (13) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) so as to enable a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid to enter the expansion chamber (13), a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium which does work through the expansion chamber (13) enters the condenser (C-2) to be cooled to be a liquid, and the outlet of the condenser (C-2) is connected with the compression chamber (12) so as to realize pressurization of the liquid working medium.
7. An application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising an evaporator (C-1) and a condenser (C-2) which are connected with the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) and form a circulation loop, wherein an outlet of an expansion chamber (13) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) is connected with an inlet of the evaporator (C-1) so that the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium is evaporated into a gaseous state in the evaporator (C-1) in an absorption manner, the gaseous working medium passing through the outlet of the evaporator (C-1) enters a compression chamber (12) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression chamber (12) is connected with an inlet of the condenser (C-2) so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium passing through the outlet of the condenser (C-2) enters the expansion chamber (13) to be expanded to perform work.
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