CN113090495B - Piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction and application method and system - Google Patents

Piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction and application method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113090495B
CN113090495B CN202110340398.3A CN202110340398A CN113090495B CN 113090495 B CN113090495 B CN 113090495B CN 202110340398 A CN202110340398 A CN 202110340398A CN 113090495 B CN113090495 B CN 113090495B
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expansion
cavity
compression
permanent magnet
working medium
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CN113090495A (en
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潘利生
王战中
卢鑫海
魏小林
史维秀
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/12—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F04B39/064—Cooling by a cooling jacket in the pump casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1073—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/122—Cylinder block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/125—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, which comprises an expansion compressor cylinder body, a cavity formed in the expansion compressor cylinder body, a permanent magnet piston arranged in the cavity and an electromagnetic induction coil layer arranged in the expansion compressor cylinder body and used for pushing the permanent magnet piston to move or realizing the conversion of the kinetic energy of the permanent magnet piston to electric energy, wherein two ends of the cavity are provided with a low-voltage working medium chamber and a high-voltage working medium chamber in a one-to-one manner, and the low-voltage working medium and the high-voltage working medium alternately enter and are discharged out of the cavity in the reciprocating movement of the permanent magnet piston and complete the compression of the low-voltage working medium and the expansion work of the high-voltage working medium; the piston type expansion compressor also provides an application system and a method thereof, realizes the coupling of the expansion function and the compression function through the shared piston, improves the energy utilization rate of components and systems, realizes the transmission of the energy inside and outside the working cavity by adopting the electromagnetic induction technology, and solves the sealing problem between the expansion cavity and the compression cavity and the outside.

Description

Piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction and application method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fluid expansion and compression, in particular to a piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction and an application method and system thereof.
Background
In recent years, the world has more and more demands for energy, and the efficient utilization of energy meets the sustainable development requirements of the human society. In cycles of thermal power generation, refrigeration, heat pumps, etc., there is a pressure increasing process and a pressure decreasing process. In a thermal power generation circulating system, the pressure of a working medium is reduced and power is output outwards through an expansion part (a turbine or an expansion machine), and the pressure of the working medium is increased and power is consumed through a pressurization part (a pump or a compressor); in a refrigeration and heat pump circulating system, the pressure of a working medium is reduced and power is output outwards through an expansion part (an expansion valve, a throttle valve, a capillary tube or an expansion machine), and the pressure of the working medium is increased and the power is consumed through a pressurization part (a compressor). At present, no matter a positive circulation system of thermal power generation or a reverse circulation system of a refrigeration heat pump, an expansion part and a pressurization part are both independently arranged, namely the expansion part of the positive circulation outputs power (such as electric energy) to the outside of the system, and the pressurization part consumes the power (such as electric energy) input to the outside of the system; the compression part of the reverse cycle consumes the power (such as electric energy) input outside the system, and the expansion part outputs the power (such as electric energy) to the outside of the system or consumes the expansion work by means of adiabatic throttling. If the expansion process and the compression process are coupled through equipment, power is transferred from the expansion process to the compression process, the conversion process among energy sources can be reduced, and the performance of a thermodynamic system is improved.
(CN 211623711U) discloses a swing rotor type expansion compressor which can effectively recover expansion work in the throttling process and reduce the loss of cold energy; and the friction loss, the motion impact, the vibration and the noise caused by mechanical moving parts are also reduced. But the structure is slightly complex and the processing cost is higher. In addition, most similar techniques couple the expansion and compression members through a common coupling or rotor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, and an application method and a system thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that an expansion part and a pressurization part are arranged independently, the energy conversion process is more, and the performance of a thermodynamic system is not high in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction comprises an expansion compressor cylinder body, a cavity formed in the expansion compressor cylinder body, a permanent magnet piston arranged in the cavity, and an electromagnetic induction coil layer arranged in the expansion compressor cylinder body and used for pushing the permanent magnet piston to move or achieving conversion of kinetic energy of the permanent magnet piston to electric energy, wherein a low-pressure working medium chamber and a high-pressure working medium chamber are arranged at two ends of the cavity in a one-to-one mode, the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium alternately enter and are discharged from the cavity in reciprocating motion of the permanent magnet piston, and compression of the low-pressure working medium and expansion of the high-pressure working medium are completed.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the cavity body is composed of a compression cavity close to one side of the low-pressure working medium chamber and an expansion cavity close to one side of the high-pressure working medium chamber, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the compression cavity to the expansion cavity is equal to the area ratio of the end surface of the permanent magnet piston facing one end of the compression cavity to the end surface of the permanent magnet piston facing one end of the expansion cavity.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression cylinder end cover and an expansion compressor left end cover, wherein the compression cylinder end cover and the expansion compressor left end cover are sequentially covered at the end part of the compression cavity;
the compression air inlet channel extends inwards into the compression cylinder end cover and forms a compression air inlet cavity communicated with the compression cavity, and an air inlet plate spring valve plate used for driving the compression air inlet channel to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the compression cavity through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage extends inwards to the compression cylinder end cover and forms a compression exhaust cavity communicated with the compression cavity, and an exhaust plate spring valve used for driving the compression exhaust passage to open and close under the action of fluid compression is installed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity through a positioning pin.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the high-pressure working medium chamber comprises a right end cover of the expansion compressor, the right end cover of the expansion compressor is covered on the end part of the expansion cavity, an expansion air inlet channel and an expansion air outlet channel which are communicated with the expansion cavity are arranged inside the right end cover of the expansion compressor, an expansion air inlet valve used for electromagnetically driving the expansion air inlet channel to open and close is arranged on the expansion air inlet channel, and an expansion exhaust valve used for electromagnetically driving the expansion air outlet channel to open and close is arranged on the expansion air outlet channel.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the permanent magnet piston includes a permanent magnet core body attached to the inside of the cavity, and an N-pole magnetic conduction cap and an S-pole magnetic conduction cap wrapped on both sides of the permanent magnet core body in a one-to-one manner, the N-pole magnetic conduction cap and the S-pole magnetic conduction cap are separated by a non-magnetic substance so that no loop is formed between the N-pole magnetic conduction cap and the S-pole magnetic conduction cap, a multi-turn compression cavity piston ring is installed on an outer wall of one end of the permanent magnet core body close to the compression cavity, and a multi-turn expansion cavity piston ring is installed on an outer wall of one end of the permanent magnet core body close to the expansion cavity.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the cylinder body of the expansion compressor comprises a sliding layer, a magnetic field shielding layer and a pressure bearing layer which are sequentially wrapped outside the cavity, and the electromagnetic induction coil layer is arranged between the sliding layer and the magnetic field shielding layer;
the sliding layer adopts a non-magnetic conductive medium or a non-magnetic conductive medium which does not form a loop and is in direct contact with the permanent magnet piston;
the electromagnetic induction coil layer comprises at least one group of electromagnetic induction coils, each electromagnetic induction coil consists of a wire and a hard insulating medium wrapped outside the wire, a plurality of groups of electromagnetic induction coils are wound around the periphery of the sliding layer side by side, and are connected with a phase controller through an electromagnetic induction coil bus, and the phase controller is externally connected with an alternating current power grid;
the magnetic field shielding layer adopts a magnetic conduction and non-conductive medium or a magnetic conduction and conductive medium which does not form a loop so as to prevent the magnetic field of the permanent magnet piston from leaking;
the pressure bearing layer is made of pressure-resistant materials so as to bear the static pressure difference between the fluid inside the cavity and the outside.
Based on the above, the present invention provides an application method of the piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, including the following steps:
step 100, pushing a permanent magnet piston to move towards an expansion cavity along a compression cavity, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity and discharging a high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, filling the low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity, and completely discharging the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity;
and 200, pushing the permanent magnet piston to move towards the compression cavity along the expansion cavity, stopping feeding a certain amount of high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity and applying work to the piston, compressing the low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity and then discharging the compressed low-pressure working medium until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium.
And 300, repeating the steps 100 and 200, and enabling the permanent magnet piston to perform reciprocating circular motion to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 100, the electromagnetic induction coil layer inside the cylinder of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the compression cavity to the expansion cavity against the friction resistance;
in step 200, when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is greater than the obtained expansion power, the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the expansion cavity to the compression cavity;
when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is smaller than the obtained expansion power, the expansion power drives the permanent magnet piston to move towards the compression cavity along the expansion cavity and outputs electric energy outwards through the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor.
The invention also provides an application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction, which comprises an evaporator and a condenser, wherein the evaporator and the condenser are connected with the piston type expansion compressor to form a circulation loop, the outlet end of a compression cavity of the piston type expansion compressor is connected with the inlet end of the evaporator so that a high-pressure working medium is heated in the evaporator to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the outlet end of the evaporator is connected with an expansion cavity of the piston type expansion compressor so that a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expansion cavity, a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium after expansion and work of the expansion cavity enters the condenser to be cooled into liquid, and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the compression cavity so as to realize pressurization of the liquid working medium.
The invention also provides another application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction, which comprises an evaporator and a condenser, wherein the evaporator and the condenser are connected with the piston type expansion compressor to form a circulation loop, an outlet of an expansion cavity of the piston type expansion compressor is connected with an inlet of the evaporator so that the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium is absorbed and evaporated into a gas state in the evaporator, the gas working medium passing through the outlet of the evaporator enters a compression cavity of the piston type expansion compressor to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression cavity is connected with an inlet of the condenser so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium passing through the outlet of the condenser enters the expansion cavity to be expanded to do work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, disclosed by the invention, the coupling of the expansion function and the compression function is realized through the shared piston, the energy utilization rate of parts and a system is greatly improved, the transmission of energy inside and outside the working cavity is realized by adopting the electromagnetic induction technology, the problem of sealing the expansion cavity and the compression cavity with the outside is thoroughly solved, and the safety, the reliability and the efficiency are further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a piston type expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic coil connection provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first application system of a piston type expansion compressor provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second application system of a piston type expansion compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1: an expansion compressor left end cover; 2: a leaf spring valve plate; 3: a gasket; 4: compressing the cylinder end cover; 5: an intake leaf spring valve plate; 6: a compression chamber piston ring; 7: a wire; 8: a permanent magnet piston; 9: an expansion chamber piston ring; 10: a right end cover of the expansion compressor; 11: an expansion inlet valve; 12: an expansion exhaust valve; 13: an expansion exhaust passage; 14: an expansion inlet channel; 15: an expansion chamber; 16: a cylinder body of an expansion compressor; 17: a compression chamber; 18: a compression exhaust cavity; 19: compressing the air inlet cavity; 20: compressing the exhaust passage; 21: compressing the air inlet channel;
m-1-electromagnetic induction coil; m-2: an N-pole magnetic conduction cap; m-3: a permanent magnet core; m-4: an S pole magnetic conduction cap; m-5: a cavity; m-6: a phase controller; m-7: -an electromagnetic induction coil bus; m-8: a sliding layer; m-9: an electromagnetic induction coil layer; m-10: a magnetic field shielding layer; m-11: a pressure-bearing layer;
c-1: an evaporator; c-2: a condenser; c-3: a piston type expansion compressor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, which is characterized by comprising an expansion compressor cylinder 16, a cavity M-5 formed in the expansion compressor cylinder 16, a permanent magnet piston 8 arranged in the cavity M-5, and an electromagnetic induction coil layer M-9 arranged in the expansion compressor cylinder 16 for pushing the permanent magnet piston 8 to move or realizing the conversion of kinetic energy of the permanent magnet piston 8 to electric energy, wherein two ends of the cavity M-5 are one-to-one configured with a low-pressure working medium chamber and a high-pressure working medium chamber, and the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium alternately enter and exit the cavity M-5 in the reciprocating motion of the permanent magnet piston 8 to complete the compression of the low-pressure working medium and the expansion work of the high-pressure working medium.
The cavity M-5 consists of a compression cavity 17 close to one side of the low-pressure working medium chamber and an expansion cavity 15 close to one side of the high-pressure working medium chamber, the expansion cavity 15 and the compression cavity 17 can be set to be equal in cross section and unequal in cross section according to application occasions and specific working conditions, and when the expansion compressor is applied to a refrigeration and heat pump circulating system, the cross section area of the compression cavity 17 is larger than that of the expansion cavity 15; when the expansion compressor is applied to a power generation cycle system, the cross-sectional area of the expansion chamber 15 is larger than that of the compression chamber 17. When the cross sections are unequal, the ratio of the cross sections of the compression cavity 17 to the expansion cavity 15 is equal to the ratio of the volume flow rates of the compressed fluid and the expansion fluid, and the ratio of the cross sections of the compression side and the expansion side of the corresponding permanent magnet piston is also equal to the ratio of the volume flow rates of the compressed fluid and the expansion fluid.
Further, the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression cylinder end cover 4 and an expansion compressor left end cover 1, wherein the compression cylinder end cover 4 and the expansion compressor left end cover 1 are sequentially covered at the end part of the compression cavity 17, a gasket 3 is arranged between the compression cylinder end cover 4 and the expansion compressor left end cover 1, and a compression air inlet passage 21 and a compression exhaust passage 20 are respectively formed in the expansion compressor left end cover 1;
the compression air inlet channel 21 extends inwards into the compression cylinder end cover 4 and forms a compression air inlet cavity 19 communicated with the compression cavity 17, and an air inlet plate spring valve plate 5 used for driving the compression air inlet channel 21 to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the compression cavity 17 through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage 20 extends inwards to the compression cylinder end cover 4 and forms a compression exhaust cavity 18 communicated with the compression cavity 17, and an exhaust plate spring valve 2 used for driving the compression exhaust passage 20 to open and close under the action of fluid compression is installed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity 18 through a positioning pin.
The high-pressure working medium chamber comprises an expansion compressor right end cover 10 covering the end part of an expansion cavity 15, an expansion air inlet channel 14 and an expansion air outlet channel 13 which are communicated with the expansion cavity 15 are formed in the expansion compressor right end cover 10, an expansion air inlet valve 11 used for electromagnetically driving the expansion air inlet channel 14 to open and close is installed on the expansion air inlet channel 14, and an expansion exhaust valve 12 used for electromagnetically driving the expansion air outlet channel 13 to open and close is installed on the expansion air outlet channel 13.
The air inlet valve and the air outlet valve of the expansion cavity 15 are responsible for realizing the communication and disconnection of the expansion air inlet channel 14 and the air outlet channel, and are driven by electromagnetism to open and close according to the moving direction and the position of the permanent magnet piston 8. The moving direction and position of the permanent magnet piston 8 can be determined according to the electromagnetic induction signals generated by the permanent magnet piston 8 and the coil outside the expansion and compression cylinder 16. The intake leaf spring valve plate 5 and the exhaust leaf spring valve plate 2 of the compression chamber 17 are responsible for realizing the connection and disconnection of the compression chamber intake duct 21 and the exhaust duct 20. The air inlet plate spring valve plate 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the compression cavity 17 through a positioning pin, and the air outlet plate spring valve plate 2 is fixed on the inner wall of the compression air outlet cavity 18 through a positioning pin. The leaf spring valve plate is driven to open and close by a fluid pressure difference between both sides thereof.
The permanent magnet piston 8 comprises a permanent magnet core body M-3 which is arranged inside the cavity body M-5 in an adherent manner, and an N pole magnetic conduction cap M-2 and an S pole magnetic conduction cap M-4 which are wrapped on two sides of the permanent magnet core body M-3 in a one-to-one manner, the N pole magnetic conduction cap M-2 and the S pole magnetic conduction cap M-4 are separated by a non-magnetic substance so that a loop is not formed between the N pole magnetic conduction cap M-2 and the S pole magnetic conduction cap M-4, a multi-circle compression cavity piston ring 6 is arranged on the outer wall of one end, close to the compression cavity 17, of the permanent magnet core body M-3, and a multi-circle expansion cavity piston ring 9 is arranged on the outer wall of one end, close to the expansion cavity 15, of the permanent magnet core body M-3.
As shown in fig. 2, the expansion compressor cylinder 16 includes a sliding layer M-8, a magnetic field shielding layer M-10 and a pressure bearing layer M-11 sequentially wrapped outside the cavity M-5, and the electromagnetic induction coil layer M-9 is disposed between the sliding layer M-8 and the magnetic field shielding layer M-10;
the sliding layer M-8 adopts a non-magnetic and non-conductive medium or a non-magnetic and non-conductive medium which does not form a loop and is in direct contact with the permanent magnet piston 8;
the electromagnetic induction coil layer M-9 comprises at least one group of electromagnetic induction coils M-1, the electromagnetic induction coils M-1 are composed of a lead 7 and a hard insulating medium wrapped outside the lead 7, a plurality of groups of the electromagnetic induction coils M-1 are wound in the circumferential direction of the sliding layer M-8 side by side, a plurality of groups of the electromagnetic induction coils M-1 are connected with a phase controller M-6 through an electromagnetic induction coil bus M-7, and the phase controller M-6 is externally connected with an alternating current power grid;
the magnetic field shielding layer M-10 adopts a magnetic conduction and non-conductive medium or a magnetic conduction and conductive medium which does not form a loop so as to prevent the magnetic field of the permanent magnet piston 8 from leaking;
the pressure bearing layer M-11 is made of pressure-resistant materials so as to bear the static pressure difference between the fluid inside the cavity M-5 and the outside.
The phase controller can control the current direction and magnitude of each electromagnetic induction coil, thereby realizing the phase adjustment of all the parallel electromagnetic induction coils, and also can rectify the currents with different phases generated by the coils and output the currents to the outside. The current phase controller is adopted, the current size and the direction of an electromagnetic induction coil close to the permanent magnet piston are adjusted, and the thrust of the permanent magnet piston or the conversion of the kinetic energy of the permanent magnet piston to the electric energy is realized by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle. When the compression work consumed by the permanent magnet piston is larger than the obtained expansion work and the idle stroke needs to overcome the frictional resistance, the electromagnetic induction coil consumes electric energy to push the permanent magnet piston to move; when the expansion work obtained by the permanent magnet piston is larger than the consumed compression work, the abundant power of the permanent magnet piston is output outwards in the form of electric energy through the electromagnetic induction coil. When the permanent magnet piston moves to a position close to the left dead center and the right dead center, in order to prevent the permanent magnet piston from impacting the end faces of the compression cavity and the expansion cavity and prevent the liquid impact phenomenon, coils near the left dead center and the right dead center are set to be closed loops, or current capable of generating a large reverse magnetic field is set through a current phase controller, so that the permanent magnet piston is rapidly decelerated.
The application method of the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction comprises the following steps:
step 100, pushing a permanent magnet piston to move towards an expansion cavity along a compression cavity, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity and discharging a high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, filling the low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity, and completely discharging the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity;
and step 200, pushing the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the expansion cavity to the compression cavity, stopping feeding a certain amount of high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity and applying work to the piston, compressing the low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity and then discharging the compressed low-pressure working medium until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium.
And 300, repeating the steps 100 and 200, and enabling the permanent magnet piston to perform reciprocating circular motion to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
The motion process of the permanent magnet piston is specifically analyzed:
compression side: the low-pressure fluid is conveyed to the compression air inlet cavity by the compression air inlet channel, when the permanent magnet piston moves rightwards from a left dead center, the pressure in the compression cavity is reduced to be lower than the pressure of the compression air inlet cavity, when the pressure difference between two sides of the air inlet leaf spring valve plate is large enough, the air inlet leaf spring valve plate is opened, the low-pressure fluid starts to enter the compression cavity, when the permanent magnet piston moves to a right dead center, the air inlet leaf spring valve plate is closed, the low-pressure fluid stops entering the compression cavity, and at the moment, the compression cavity is filled with the low-pressure fluid; when the permanent magnet piston moves from the right dead point to the left, the pressure in the compression cavity is continuously increased until the pressure is higher than that of the compression exhaust cavity, when the pressure difference between the two sides of the air inlet plate spring valve plate is large enough, the exhaust plate spring valve plate is opened, high-pressure fluid starts to enter the compression exhaust cavity, when the permanent magnet piston moves to the left dead point, the exhaust plate spring valve plate is closed, the high-pressure fluid stops entering the compression exhaust cavity, and the high-pressure fluid discharged into the compression exhaust cavity is conveyed to a circulating system by the compression exhaust channel.
Expansion side: when the permanent magnet piston moves from a right dead center to the left, the expansion air inlet valve is opened, high-pressure fluid is conveyed to the expansion cavity through the expansion air inlet channel, when the permanent magnet piston moves from the right to the left for a certain distance, the expansion air inlet valve is closed, the high-pressure fluid expands in the closed expansion cavity and applies work to the piston to push the permanent magnet piston to continue to move to the left, when the permanent magnet piston moves to a left dead center, the expansion exhaust valve is opened, the expanded low-pressure fluid is exhausted out of the expansion cavity through the expansion exhaust channel along with the movement of the permanent magnet piston to the right, when the permanent magnet piston moves to the right dead center, all the low-pressure fluid is conveyed to the circulating system through the expansion exhaust channel, and the expansion exhaust valve is closed.
In step 100, the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to overcome the friction resistance and move along the direction from the compression cavity to the expansion cavity;
in step 200, when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is greater than the obtained expansion power, the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the expansion cavity to the compression cavity;
when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is smaller than the obtained expansion power, the expansion power drives the permanent magnet piston to move towards the compression cavity along the expansion cavity and outputs electric energy outwards through the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor.
That is, when the permanent magnet piston moves to the left, power is consumed for the compression process of the left fluid in the compression chamber, and the expansion process of the fluid in the right expansion chamber applies work to the permanent magnet piston. The permanent magnet piston is connected with the outer side coil of the expansion compression cylinder body through an electromagnetic induction principle. When the compression power consumed by the permanent magnet piston is smaller than the obtained expansion power, the permanent magnet piston moves leftwards to apply work, and the outer coil of the expansion compression cylinder body outputs electric energy outwards through the electromagnetic induction principle. When the permanent magnet piston moves rightwards, compression work is not consumed, expansion work is not obtained, and the coil outside the expansion compression cylinder body consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to move rightwards by overcoming friction resistance.
As shown in fig. 3, the invention further provides a thermal power generation system including the above piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction, which includes an evaporator C-1 and a condenser C-2 connected to the piston type expansion compressor C-3 and forming a circulation loop, an outlet end of a compression cavity 17 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 is connected to an inlet end of the evaporator C-1 so that a high-pressure working medium is heated in the evaporator C-1 to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet end of the evaporator C-1 is connected to an expansion cavity 15 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 so that a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expansion cavity 15, a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium expanded by the expansion cavity 15 enters the condenser C-2 to be cooled into a liquid, and an outlet of the condenser C-2 is connected to the compression cavity 17 so as to pressurize the liquid working medium.
The application system is a positive circulation (thermal power generation) system, the expansion work obtained by the permanent magnet piston is larger than the consumed compression work, and the comprehensive effect of the expansion compressor is that electric energy is output outwards.
As shown in fig. 4, another heat pump system including the piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and includes an evaporator C-1 and a condenser C-2 which are connected to the piston type expansion compressor C-3 and form a circulation loop, an outlet of an expansion chamber 15 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 is connected to an inlet of the evaporator C-1 so that a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium is evaporated into a gaseous state in the evaporator C-1 by heat absorption, the gaseous working medium passing through the outlet of the evaporator C-1 enters a compression chamber 17 of the piston type expansion compressor C-3 and is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression chamber 17 is connected to an inlet of the condenser C-2 so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium passing through the outlet of the condenser C-2 enters the expansion chamber 15 to be expanded to do work.
The application system is a reverse circulation (refrigeration and heat pump) system, the compression work consumed by the permanent magnet piston is larger than the obtained expansion work, and the comprehensive effect of the expansion compressor is that the external electric energy is consumed.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made to the disclosure by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims (9)

1. A piston type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction is characterized in that,
the device comprises an expansion compressor cylinder body (16), a cavity (M-5) formed in the expansion compressor cylinder body (16), a permanent magnet piston (8) arranged in the cavity (M-5) and an electromagnetic induction coil layer (M-9) arranged in the expansion compressor cylinder body (16) and used for pushing the permanent magnet piston (8) to move or realizing the conversion of kinetic energy of the permanent magnet piston (8) to electric energy, wherein a low-pressure working medium chamber and a high-pressure working medium chamber are arranged at two ends of the cavity (M-5) in a one-to-one manner, and the low-pressure working medium and the high-pressure working medium alternately enter and are discharged into the cavity (M-5) in the reciprocating movement of the permanent magnet piston (8) and complete the compression of the low-pressure working medium and the expansion work of the high-pressure working medium;
the expansion compressor cylinder body (16) comprises a sliding layer (M-8), a magnetic field shielding layer (M-10) and a pressure bearing layer (M-11) which are sequentially wrapped outside the cavity (M-5), and the electromagnetic induction coil layer (M-9) is arranged between the sliding layer (M-8) and the magnetic field shielding layer (M-10);
the sliding layer (M-8) adopts a non-magnetic and non-conductive medium or a non-magnetic and non-conductive medium which does not form a loop and is in direct contact with the permanent magnet piston (8);
the electromagnetic induction coil layer (M-9) comprises at least one group of electromagnetic induction coils (M-1), the electromagnetic induction coils (M-1) are composed of a wire (7) and a hard insulating medium wrapped outside the wire (7), a plurality of groups of the electromagnetic induction coils (M-1) are wound in the circumferential direction of the sliding layer (M-8) side by side, the plurality of groups of the electromagnetic induction coils (M-1) are connected with a phase controller (M-6) through an electromagnetic induction coil bus (M-7), and the phase controller (M-6) is externally connected with an alternating current power grid;
the magnetic field shielding layer (M-10) adopts a magnetic conduction and non-conductive medium or a magnetic conduction and conductive medium which does not form a loop so as to prevent the magnetic field of the permanent magnet piston (8) from leaking;
the pressure bearing layer (M-11) is made of pressure-resistant materials so as to bear the static pressure difference between the fluid inside the cavity (M-5) and the outside.
2. A piston-type expansion compressor based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (M-5) consists of a compression chamber (17) close to the side of the low pressure working medium chamber and an expansion chamber (15) close to the side of the high pressure working medium chamber, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the compression chamber (17) and the expansion chamber (15) being equal to the ratio of the areas of the end surface of the permanent magnet piston (8) towards the end of the compression chamber (17) and the end surface of the permanent magnet piston (8) towards the end of the expansion chamber (15).
3. The piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction is characterized in that the low-pressure working medium chamber comprises a compression cylinder end cover (4) and an expansion compressor left end cover (1) which are sequentially covered at the end part of the compression cavity (17), gaskets (3) are arranged between the compression cylinder end cover (4) and the expansion compressor left end cover (1) and between the compression cylinder end cover (4) and the expansion compressor cylinder body (16), and a compression air inlet passage (21) and a compression air outlet passage (20) are respectively formed in the expansion compressor left end cover (1);
the compression air inlet channel (21) extends inwards into the compression cylinder end cover (4) and forms a compression air inlet cavity (19) communicated with the compression cavity (17), and an air inlet plate spring valve plate (5) used for driving the compression air inlet channel (21) to open and close under the action of fluid pressure difference is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the compression cavity (17) through a positioning pin;
the compression exhaust passage (20) extends inwards to the compression cylinder end cover (4) to form a compression exhaust cavity (18) communicated with the compression cavity (17), and an exhaust plate spring valve (2) used for driving the compression exhaust passage (20) to open and close under the action of fluid compression is installed on the inner wall of the compression exhaust cavity (18) through a positioning pin.
4. The piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction is characterized in that the high-pressure working medium chamber comprises an expansion compressor right end cover (10) covering the end part of the expansion cavity (15), an expansion inlet channel (14) and an expansion exhaust channel (13) communicated with the expansion cavity (15) are formed in the expansion compressor right end cover (10), an expansion inlet valve (11) used for electromagnetically driving the expansion inlet channel (14) to open and close is installed on the expansion inlet channel (14), and an expansion exhaust valve (12) used for electromagnetically driving the expansion exhaust channel (13) to open and close is installed on the expansion exhaust channel (13).
5. The piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction is characterized in that the permanent magnet piston (8) comprises a permanent magnet core body (M-3) which is arranged inside the cavity body (M-5) in an adherent manner, and an N pole magnetic conduction cap (M-2) and an S pole magnetic conduction cap (M-4) which are wrapped on two sides of the permanent magnet core body (M-3) in a one-to-one manner, the N pole magnetic conduction cap (M-2) and the S pole magnetic conduction cap (M-4) are separated by a non-magnetic substance so that a loop is not formed between the N pole magnetic conduction cap (M-2) and the S pole magnetic conduction cap (M-4), a multi-turn compression cavity piston ring (6) is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the permanent magnet core body (M-3) close to the compression cavity (17), and a multi-turn expansion cavity piston ring (9) is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the permanent magnet core body (M-3) close to the expansion cavity (15).
6. A method for applying the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction according to any one of the claims 1-5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, pushing a permanent magnet piston to move towards an expansion cavity along a compression cavity, introducing a low-pressure working medium into the compression cavity and discharging a high-pressure working medium expanded in the expansion cavity until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, filling the low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity, and completely discharging the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity;
step 200, pushing the permanent magnet piston to move towards the compression cavity along the expansion cavity, stopping feeding a certain amount of high-pressure working medium into the expansion cavity, expanding the high-pressure working medium in the expansion cavity and applying work to the piston, compressing and discharging low-pressure working medium in the compression cavity until the permanent magnet piston moves to a stop point, and completely discharging the low-pressure working medium;
and 300, repeating the steps 100 and 200, and enabling the permanent magnet piston to perform reciprocating circular motion to realize continuous work of the piston type expansion compressor.
7. The application method of the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction according to the claim 6,
in step 100, the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to overcome the friction resistance and move along the compression cavity to the expansion cavity;
in step 200, when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is greater than the obtained expansion power, the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the cylinder body of the expansion compressor consumes electric energy to drive the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the expansion cavity to the compression cavity;
when the compression power consumed by the movement of the permanent magnet piston is smaller than the obtained expansion power, the expansion power drives the permanent magnet piston to move along the direction from the expansion cavity to the compression cavity and outputs electric energy outwards through the electromagnetic induction coil layer in the expansion compressor cylinder body.
8. An application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising an evaporator (C-1) and a condenser (C-2) which are connected with the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) and form a circulation loop, wherein the outlet end of a compression cavity (17) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) is connected with the inlet end of the evaporator (C-1) so as to enable a high-pressure working medium to be heated in the evaporator (C-1) to a high-temperature high-pressure state, the outlet end of the evaporator (C-1) is connected with an expansion cavity (15) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) so as to enable a high-temperature high-pressure fluid to enter the expansion cavity (15), a low-temperature low-pressure working medium after expansion work of the expansion cavity (15) enters the condenser (C-2) to be cooled to be a liquid, and the outlet of the condenser (C-2) is connected with the compression cavity (17) so as to realize pressurization of the liquid working medium.
9. An application system comprising the piston type expansion compressor based on the electromagnetic induction as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising an evaporator (C-1) and a condenser (C-2) which are connected with the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) and form a circulation loop, wherein an outlet of an expansion cavity (15) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) is connected with an inlet of the evaporator (C-1) so that the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium is evaporated into a gaseous state in the evaporator (C-1) in an absorption manner, the gaseous working medium passing through the outlet of the evaporator (C-1) enters a compression cavity (17) of the piston type expansion compressor (C-3) to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, an outlet of the compression cavity (17) is connected with an inlet of the condenser (C-2) so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is cooled into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium passing through the outlet of the condenser (C-2) enters the expansion cavity (15) to be expanded to do work.
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