CN113073939B - Inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool - Google Patents
Inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN113073939B CN113073939B CN202110349477.0A CN202110349477A CN113073939B CN 113073939 B CN113073939 B CN 113073939B CN 202110349477 A CN202110349477 A CN 202110349477A CN 113073939 B CN113073939 B CN 113073939B
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- side wall
- control valve
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
Abstract
The invention discloses an inward-pushing pointing type rotary steering drilling tool, which comprises: a hollow housing body; the setting is in the drill bit seat adjustment structure of shell body, includes: the adjusting rod, the adjusting ball seat, the supporting ball seat and the adjusting wedge block; the lower end of the adjusting rod is connected with a drill bit seat, the upper end of the adjusting rod is sleeved with an adjusting ball seat, and the outer side of the adjusting rod is provided with an adjusting wedge block; the adjusting rod can rotate in the circumferential direction, and the supporting ball seat is used for providing a rotating fulcrum for the adjusting rod; the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a central pipe, a servo hydraulic cylinder arranged on the periphery of the central pipe, and a pressure-resistant hose arranged at the bottom end of the central pipe, wherein the pressure-resistant hose is axially communicated with the adjusting rod to form a drilling fluid channel; the bottom end of the servo hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting wedge block to axially reciprocate through the pull rod so as to change the bend angle between the drill bit seat and the shell body and the position of the drill bit seat; and the adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the axial movement and displacement of the hydraulic driving mechanism. The invention can improve the deflecting force of the drill bit, improve the stability in the drilling process and ensure the reliable and stable adjustment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to an inward-pushing pointing type rotary steering drilling tool.
Background
With the gradual reduction of conventional oil and gas resources, oil and gas exploitation gradually develops to unconventional oil and gas resources. In order to reduce the drilling cost, unconventional resource exploitation mostly adopts a cluster platform horizontal well and a complex structure well. In the drilling process of horizontal wells and wells with complex structures, the well track control difficulty is high, the friction torque of the horizontal section is large, the drilling period is long, and the development process of unconventional oil and gas resources is restricted to a great extent.
Rotary steerable drilling is currently an effective way to develop such wells. The technology is mainly realized by a rotary steering drilling tool. A rotary steerable drilling tool is mounted near the drill bit. The tool can adjust the tool surface and the direction of a drill column in real time by monitoring underground drilling parameters in real time, and ensure that a drill bit can drill towards a target layer. The drilling mode can obviously improve the drilling efficiency, saves a large number of cycles for drilling and is an effective means for realizing the efficient development of unconventional resources. The heart of the rotary steerable drilling technology is the rotary steerable drilling tool.
However, the tools developed at present have relatively poor maturity, and cannot fully meet the current requirements for complex formation exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide an inward-pushing directional type rotary steering drilling tool, which can improve the deflecting force of a drill bit, improve the stability in the drilling process and ensure the reliable and stable adjustment process.
The specific technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool, comprising: a hollow housing body; set up drill bit seat adjustment structure in the shell body includes: the adjusting rod, the adjusting ball seat, the supporting ball seat and the adjusting wedge block; the lower end of the adjusting rod is connected with a drill bit seat, the upper end of the adjusting rod is sleeved with an adjusting ball seat, and an adjusting wedge block is arranged outside the adjusting ball seat; the adjusting rod can rotate in the circumferential direction, and the supporting ball seat is used for providing a rotating fulcrum for the adjusting rod; the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a central pipe, a servo hydraulic cylinder arranged on the periphery of the central pipe and a pressure-resistant hose arranged at the bottom end of the central pipe, wherein the pressure-resistant hose is axially communicated with the adjusting rod to form a drilling fluid channel; the bottom end of the servo hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting wedge block to axially reciprocate through a pull rod; when the adjusting wedge block moves axially, the bend angle between the drill bit seat and the shell body can be changed, and the direction of the drill bit seat can be changed; and the adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the axial movement and displacement of the hydraulic driving mechanism.
In a preferred embodiment, the shell body comprises an upper short section, a transmission short section and an anti-drop joint which are sequentially connected, and a torque transmission structure is arranged between the transmission short section and the adjusting rod.
In a preferred embodiment, a first adjusting ball head is arranged at the top end of the adjusting rod, and a second adjusting ball head is arranged in the middle of the adjusting rod; a spline is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting rod between the first adjusting ball head and the second adjusting ball head, and a bulge part is arranged on the lower part of the second adjusting ball head along the outer side of the adjusting rod; the middle part of the transmission short section is provided with a spline groove, and the spline groove are matched to form the torque transmission structure; and the spline of the adjusting rod is slidably arranged in the spline groove of the transmission short section in a penetrating manner.
In a preferred embodiment, a first spherical groove is arranged in the adjusting ball seat, and a plurality of adjusting inclined surfaces are arranged outside the adjusting ball seat; the first adjusting ball head can be connected in the first spherical groove in a swinging mode.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner side surface of the adjusting wedge is provided with an inclined surface which coincides with the adjusting inclined surface of the adjusting ball seat, and the adjusting wedge slides along the adjusting inclined surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner side surface of the adjustment wedge is inclined at an angle of 10 ° to 15 °.
In a preferred embodiment, a second spherical groove is arranged in the supporting ball seat; the second adjusting ball head can swing and be connected with the second spherical groove to change the drill bit seat and the direction and the bending angle between the shell bodies, the supporting ball seat is coaxially sleeved in the central hole of the transmission short section and is arranged at the lower end of the spline groove of the transmission short section in a floating mode.
In a preferred embodiment, the central pipe is fixedly arranged inside the upper short section, a plurality of partition plates are arranged on the outer side wall of the central pipe at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, a first boss, a second boss and a third boss are sequentially arranged along the axial direction, a first accommodating groove is formed between the first boss and the second boss, and a second accommodating groove is formed between the second boss and the third boss; the adjusting mechanism is arranged in the first accommodating groove, and the hydraulic driving mechanism is arranged in the second accommodating groove; the central tube is provided with a plurality of side wall through holes in the middle of the second accommodating groove, and side wall flanges are arranged outside the side wall through holes; the transmission short section is located on the side wall of the second containing groove of the central pipe, a first side wall through hole and a second side wall through hole are axially formed in the side wall of the second containing groove of the central pipe, the first side wall through hole is located at the upper end of the upper end cover, and the second side wall through hole is located at the lower end of the lower end cover.
In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment mechanism comprises: the device comprises a speed regulating motor, a first straight gear and a second straight gear which can be meshed with each other, a transmission screw, a transmission block and a control valve; the first straight gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, and the second straight gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the transmission screw rod; the speed regulating motor drives the transmission screw to rotate through the first straight gear and the second straight gear; the end face of the transmission block is provided with a first thread through hole and a second thread through hole, the transmission screw rod can be rotatably arranged in the first thread through hole of the transmission block, and the transmission screw rod and the transmission block form a screw rod nut mechanism; the upper end of the control valve is arranged in the second threaded through hole of the transmission block in a penetrating mode and is fixedly connected with the transmission block.
In a preferred embodiment, the servo cylinder includes: the cylinder sleeve, the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the fixed piston are clamped on the outer side wall of the central tube, the fixed piston is a fan-shaped cylinder, and the fixed piston is provided with an axially through end face through hole; a piston groove is formed in the middle of the inner side wall of the fixed piston and can be matched with a side wall flange of the central pipe; a groove through hole communicated with the end surface through hole is formed in the side wall of the piston groove; the cylinder sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the fixed piston, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively and fixedly arranged at two ends of the cylinder sleeve, a side wall through hole is formed in the middle of the inner side wall of the cylinder sleeve and corresponds to the piston groove, and a first pressure cavity and a second pressure cavity are respectively formed above and below the fixed piston.
In a preferred embodiment, the control valve comprises: the control valve comprises a control valve core and a control valve sleeve sleeved on the control valve core, wherein the control valve sleeve is a hollow cylinder, a first valve sleeve through hole is formed in the position, located in the first pressure cavity, of the control valve sleeve, and a second valve sleeve through hole is formed in the position, located in the second pressure cavity, of the control valve sleeve; a middle side wall through hole is arranged in the middle of the control valve sleeve and corresponds to the groove through hole, and the middle side wall through hole is higher than the groove through hole; the control valve core is coaxially and slidably arranged in the control valve sleeve, a first valve core boss is arranged in the middle of the control valve core, and a second valve core boss is arranged at the bottom of the control valve core.
In a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the adjusting rod boss, the upper end of the anti-drop joint, the inner side wall of the transmission short section and the outer side wall of the adjusting rod form an annular cavity, an elastic part is arranged in the annular cavity, the upper end of the elastic part abuts against the lower end of the adjusting rod boss, and the lower end of the elastic part is seated against the upper end of the anti-drop joint.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
according to the inward-pushing pointing type rotary steering drilling tool, the main driving power is from a hydraulic driving structure, the driving force is large, large deflecting force can be provided, and the deflecting stability of the tool can be improved; in the drilling process, the servo hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting wedge block to axially reciprocate in the tool shell body, and the directions of the adjusting rod and the drill bit seat are changed; the axial maximum stroke of the wedge block is adjusted by adjusting the stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder, so that the bend angle of the tool is changed, the tool bend angle adjusting range is large, and the adjusting process is reliable and stable;
in the inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention, the servo hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting wedge block to axially reciprocate so as to periodically and regularly change the direction of the drill bit seat; the adjustment of the movement direction and the movement stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor, the control mode is only micro-adjustment, the driving torque required by the speed regulating motor is small, and the adjustment mode is reliable;
the push-in pointing type rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention can simultaneously adjust the bending angle and the direction of the tool, automatically steer the drilling and realize the control of the track of the well in the drilling process.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case.
FIG. 1 is an external view of a push-in steerable rotary steerable drilling tool provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a half sectional view of one of the viewing angles of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a half sectional view of another view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at D;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the cylinder liner in a downward motion;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the cylinder liner in an upward motion;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a base pipe of an push-in steerable rotary steerable drilling tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a drive screw-drive block-control valve cartridge engagement of an inwardly-biased rotary steerable drilling tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an adjusting ball seat of an inwardly-biased rotary steerable drilling tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a stationary piston of an inwardly-biased rotary steerable drilling tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the dynamic variation of the adjustment wedge and bit seat at a C-C cross-sectional view of an push-in point-type rotary steerable drilling tool provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the engagement of an adjustment wedge and an adjustment ball seat of a push-in steerable rotary steerable drilling tool provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals of the above figures:
110. an upper short section; 11. a first sidewall via; 112. a second sidewall via; 120. a transmission short section; 130. the joint is prevented from falling; 140. a bit seat; 150. a first straight gear; 160. a second spur gear; 170. an elastic member; 180. a cover plate; 210. a speed-regulating motor; 220. a drive screw; 230. a transmission block; 240. a control valve core; 241. a first spool boss; 242. a second spool boss; 250. controlling the valve sleeve; 251. a first valve housing through hole; 252. a second valve housing through bore; 253. a middle sidewall via; 260. a pull rod; 270. an adjusting lever; 271. a first adjusting ball head; 272. a second adjusting ball head; 273. a boss portion; 275. a support ball seat; 280. adjusting the wedge block; 290. adjusting the ball seat; 291. a first spherical recess; 292. adjusting the inclined plane; 300. a central tube; 310. a first boss; 320. a second boss; 330. a third boss; 340. a partition plate; 350. a sidewall flange; 410. a servo hydraulic cylinder; 411. an upper end cover; 412. a lower end cover; 430. a cylinder liner; 440. a first pressure chamber; 450. a second pressure chamber; 500. a fixed piston; 510. an end face through hole; 520. a piston groove; 521. a groove through hole; 600. a pressure-resistant hose.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various equivalent modifications of the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention fall within the scope of the appended claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the prior art, chinese patent (application No. 201910931968.9) discloses a directional rotary steerable drilling tool, in which the main driving power comes from a screw motor, the driving torque is large, a large deflecting force can be provided, and the stability of the tool deflecting can be improved; in the drilling process, the guide inner cylinder rotates in the body shell, and the directions of the rotary support shaft and the drill bit seat are changed; the axial movement of the guide inner cylinder changes the axial position of the rotary support shaft, so that the bend angle of the tool is changed, the tool bend angle adjusting range is large, and the direction adjustment of the tool is realized by pushing the guide inner cylinder to move axially through the guide outer cylinder.
In the existing directional rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention, the rotation speed of a screw motor is constant, the screw motor drives the screw output shaft to rotate in the same direction, the screw output shaft drives the steering inner cylinder to rotate circumferentially through the connecting shaft, and the steering inner cylinder drives the rotary supporting shaft to swing, so that the direction of the drill bit seat is changed regularly; the temporary adjustment of the direction of the drill bit seat is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor.
The applicant found that: the existing directional rotary steering drilling tool also has a lifting optimization space in the aspects of deflecting force, stability, drill bit direction adjustment accuracy and the like.
In order to further improve the deflecting force of the drill bit, improve the stability in the drilling process and simultaneously ensure that the bend angle and the drill bit direction between the drill bit seat and the shell body can be adjusted in real time in the drilling process, the invention provides a novel inward-pushing directional type rotary steering drilling tool.
Referring to fig. 1 to 15, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, an inward-pushing directional rotary steerable drilling tool is provided, which mainly includes: the hydraulic drill comprises a shell body, a hydraulic driving mechanism, a drill bit seat 140 adjusting structure and an adjusting mechanism.
The casing body is integrally of a hollow pipe body structure and used for containing various mechanisms, the upper end of the casing body is used for being connected with an upper drill string, and the lower end of the casing body is used for being connected with a drill bit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the housing body may include: upper sub 110, drive sub 120, anti-drop joint 130. The short section 110, the transmission short section 120 and the anti-drop joint 130 are connected in sequence along the height direction.
The adjustment structure of the bit seat 140 is used for adjusting the bit azimuth angle and the structural bending angle under the driving of the hydraulic driving mechanism. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the adjusting structure of the bit seat 140 may include: an adjustment rod 270, an adjustment ball seat 290, a support ball seat 275, an adjustment wedge 280, and the like.
The entire adjusting rod 270 extends lengthwise in the axial direction, and a through hole is formed in the middle. The adjusting rod 270 is connected at its lower end to a bit seat 140 and at its upper end to an adjusting ball seat 290. An adjusting wedge 280 is arranged outside the adjusting ball seat 290. The adjusting ball seat 290 is sleeved on the outer side of the ball head at the upper end of the adjusting rod 270, and is matched with the adjusting wedge 280 to push the adjusting rod 270 to rotate around the supporting ball seat 275, so as to change the azimuth angle of the drill bit seat 140 and the structural bend angle of the tool. The adjustment rod 270 is able to rotate circumferentially. Specifically, the adjusting rod 270 can transmit torque through the transmission nipple 120, so as to realize circumferential rotation. The support ball seat 275 serves to provide a rotation fulcrum for the adjustment lever 270. The torque transmission between the adjusting rod 270 and the transmission nipple 120 can be realized by arranging a torque transmission structure. Specifically, the torque transmission structure may be a mating form of a key groove and a spline, and may also be other mating forms for transmitting torque.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, upper sub 110 is shown for connecting to an upper drill string, accommodating a hydraulic drive mechanism and an adjustment mechanism. The drive sub 120 is used to accommodate the adjustment features of the bit mount 140, and to transmit the torque of the drill string to the adjustment rod 270 and bit mount 140. The drop prevention sub 130 serves to support the upper elastic member 170 and the support ball seat 275, and to restrict the support ball seat 275 from moving axially while transmitting weight on the drill string to the bit seat 140. The bit mount 140 is used to connect the adjustment rod 270 to the bit.
In this description, a hydraulic drive mechanism is used to drive the adjustment wedge 280 with the drilling fluid pressure differential to provide a source of power for the adjustment structure of the bit mount 140.
The hydraulic drive mechanism includes: the hydraulic servo system comprises a central pipe 300 and a servo hydraulic cylinder 410 arranged on the periphery of the central pipe 300, wherein a pressure hose 600 is arranged at the bottom end of the central pipe 300, and the pressure hose 600 and the adjusting rod 270 axially penetrate to form a drilling fluid channel. The bottom end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 drives the adjusting wedge 280 to axially reciprocate through the pull rod 260. The adjustment wedge 280 is axially reciprocated to change the angle of bend between the bit seat 140 and the housing body and to change the orientation of the bit seat 140.
In this description, the adjustment mechanism is used to control the axial movement and displacement of the hydraulic drive mechanism. Specifically, the adjusting mechanism can control the movement speed and the reversing time of the control valve of the servo hydraulic mechanism through the motor according to the rotating speed of the drill bit, so that the azimuth angle of the drill bit seat 140 is adjusted to be matched with the rotating speed direction of the drill bit, and directional drilling is realized.
Compared with the mode that the adjustment of the bending angle between the drill bit seat 140 and the body shell is realized through the axial movement of the clutch shaft in the existing directional rotary steering drilling tool, the inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool provided by the description of the invention provides the deflecting force for the drill bit by utilizing the pressure difference of the drilling fluid in the inner part of the tool and the drilling fluid in the outer part of the tool, and the pressure difference of the high-pressure drilling fluid pushes the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 to drive the pull rod 260 and the wedge block to push the ball head of the adjusting rod 270 of the drill bit seat 140, so that the large deflecting force can be provided for the drill bit, and the stability in the drilling process is improved. In addition, in the push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided in the present specification, the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 drives the adjusting wedge 280 to reciprocate axially, so as to periodically change the orientation of the bit seat 140 and the structural angle of the tool; the change of the moving direction and the moving stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 is realized by controlling the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the speed regulating motor 210; during the drilling process, the direction of the drill bit can be adjusted in real time according to the rotating speed of the drill bit.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, a first adjusting ball 271 is disposed at the top end of the adjusting rod 270, and a second adjusting ball 272 is disposed at the middle of the adjusting rod 270; a spline is arranged between the first adjusting ball head 271 and the second adjusting ball head 272 along the outer side of the adjusting rod 270, and a convex part 273 is arranged at the lower part of the second adjusting ball head 272 along the outer side of the adjusting rod 270.
Referring to fig. 12, a first spherical recess 291 is formed in the adjustment ball seat 290, and a plurality of adjustment inclined surfaces 292 are formed outside the adjustment ball seat 290; the first adjusting ball 271 is swingably connected in the first spherical recess 291.
The inner side surface of the adjusting wedge 280 is a slope, and coincides with the adjusting slope 292 of the adjusting ball seat 290, and the adjusting wedge 280 slides along the adjusting slope 292. The adjusting wedge 280 periodically and regularly changes the orientation of the bit seat 140 as the servo cylinder 410 reciprocates axially. The periodic law may be a change law of a sine function, a change law of a cosine function, or other laws that are continuously changed periodically, and the present application is not limited specifically herein. The adjustment wedge 280, when it is capable of periodically changing the orientation of the bit seat 140, ensures that the rotation of the adjustment rod 270 is continuously variable, thereby ensuring the stability of the drill bit during drilling.
Further, the inner side surface of the adjusting wedge 280 is inclined at an angle of 10 ° to 15 °. Wherein the inclination of the inclined surface of the adjust wedge 280 affects the magnitude of the adjusting force and the axial movement displacement of the adjust wedge 280. In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the degree of the inner inclination of the adjustment wedge 280 is within the above-described preferable range, on the premise that the adjustment force is appropriately secured and the axial displacement is small.
In this embodiment, a second spherical groove is provided in the support ball seat 275; the second adjustment knob 272 is pivotally connected to the second spherical recess to change the orientation and angle of the drill bit mount 140 relative to the housing body.
In this embodiment, a spline groove is formed in the middle of the transmission nipple 120, an external spline of the adjusting rod 270 is slidably inserted into the spline groove of the transmission nipple 120, and the spline groove are matched to form the torque transmission structure; the supporting ball seat 275 is coaxially sleeved in a central hole of the transmission nipple 120 and is arranged at the lower end of a spline groove of the transmission nipple 120 in a floating manner.
Referring to fig. 3, 5, 7, and 10, the central tube 300 is fixedly disposed inside the upper short section 110, a plurality of partition plates 340 are disposed on an outer side wall of the central tube 300 along a circumferential direction at equal intervals, a first boss 310, a second boss 320, and a third boss 330 are sequentially disposed along an axial direction, a first receiving groove is formed between the first boss 310 and the second boss 320, and a second receiving groove is formed between the second boss 320 and the third boss 330; the adjusting mechanism is arranged in the first accommodating groove, and the hydraulic driving mechanism is arranged in the second accommodating groove; the central tube 300 is provided with a plurality of central tube 300 side wall through holes at the middle part of the second accommodating groove, and the outer side of the central tube 300 side wall through holes is provided with side wall flanges 350; the transmission short section 120 is located at the second receiving groove side wall of the central tube 300, and a first side wall through hole 11 and a second side wall through hole 112 are axially arranged, the first side wall through hole 11 is located at the upper end of the upper end cover 411, and the second side wall through hole 112 is located at the lower end of the lower end cover 412.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 11, in this specification, the adjusting mechanism may include a speed-adjusting motor 210, a transmission gear, a transmission screw 220, a transmission block 230, and a control valve. Wherein the transmission gear may include a first spur gear 150 and a second spur gear 160 that are engaged. The control valve includes a mating control valve core 240 and control valve sleeve 250.
As shown in fig. 11, the first spur gear 150 is fixedly disposed on an output shaft of the speed regulating motor 210, and the second spur gear 160 is fixedly disposed at an upper end of the transmission screw 220; the speed regulating motor 210 drives the transmission screw 220 to rotate through the first spur gear 150 and the second spur gear 160. The end surface of the transmission block 230 is provided with a first threaded through hole and a second threaded through hole, the transmission screw 220 is rotatably arranged in the first threaded through hole of the transmission block 230, and the transmission screw 220 and the transmission block 230 form a screw and nut mechanism. The upper end of the control valve is arranged in the second threaded through hole of the transmission block 230 in a penetrating manner and is fixedly connected with the transmission block 230.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the adjustment mechanism may further include a cover plate 180, the cover plate 180 primarily limiting upward axial movement of the drive screw 220. The cover plate 180 is fixed in the central tube 300, specifically, the modification can be clamped on the central tube 300 through a groove, but the cover plate 180 can be positioned in other ways, and the application is not limited in this respect.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, the control valve sleeve 250 is a hollow cylinder, the control valve sleeve 250 is provided with a first valve sleeve through hole 251 at the first pressure chamber 440, and the control valve sleeve 250 is provided with a second valve sleeve through hole 252 at the second pressure chamber 450; the middle of the control valve sleeve 250 is recessed into the piston recess through-hole 520; a middle side wall through hole 253 is arranged at the position corresponding to 521, and the middle side wall through hole 253 is higher than the groove of the piston groove through hole 520; 521, respectively; the control valve core 240 is coaxially and slidably disposed in the control valve sleeve 250, a first valve core boss 241 is disposed in the middle of the control valve core 240, and a second valve core boss 242 is disposed at the bottom of the control valve core 240.
Referring to fig. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 13, in this specification, the servo cylinder 410 of the hydraulic drive mechanism includes: cylinder sleeve 430, upper end cover 411, lower end cover 412, fixed piston 500 clamped on the outer side wall of the central tube 300.
As shown in fig. 13, the fixed piston 500 is a sector cylinder, and the fixed piston 500 is provided with an end through hole 510 penetrating axially; the middle part of the inner side wall of the fixed piston 500 is provided with a piston groove which can be matched with the side wall flange 350 of the central tube 300. The side wall is provided with a groove through hole 520 which is communicated with the end surface through hole 510; 521. the fixed piston 500 is clamped on a boss on the outer wall of the central tube 300 through a piston groove to limit the movement of the fixed piston 500. The cylinder sleeve 430 is sleeved outside the fixed piston 500, and the cylinder sleeve 430, the upper end cover 411 and the lower end cover 412 form a closed cavity. And a side wall through hole is formed in the middle of the inner side wall of the cylinder sleeve 430 at a position corresponding to the piston groove, and the through hole of the cylinder sleeve 430 is higher than the flange 350 on the outer side wall of the central tube 300. The fixed piston 500 divides the sealed chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper end of the pull rod 260 is fixedly connected with the lower end cap 412, and the lower end of the pull rod 260 is fixedly connected with the adjusting wedge 280.
The control valve sleeve 250 is fixedly arranged between the upper end cover 411 and the lower end cover 412 of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410, the control valve sleeve 250 is of a hollow structure, and side wall through holes are arranged corresponding to the upper cavity and the lower cavity to be communicated with the cavities. The speed regulating motor 210 converts the rotation motion into the axial motion of the transmission block 230 through the transmission gear and the transmission screw 220, and the transmission block 230 drives the control valve core 240 to axially move in the central hole of the control valve sleeve 250; the control valve core 240 adjusts the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 to be alternately communicated with the high-pressure channel and the low-pressure channel, so that the axial movement directions of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 and the pull rod 260 are changed; when the speed regulating motor 210 rotates clockwise, the control valve core 240 moves axially downwards; the governor motor 210 rotates counterclockwise and the control valve spool 240 moves axially upward.
In the present specification, the number of the adjustment wedges 280 is the same as the number of the servo cylinders 410. Specifically, when the number of the groups is determined, the number of the servo hydraulic cylinders 410 is determined first mainly according to the magnitude of the adjusting force at the adjusting rod 270 and the complexity of the reduction control, and the number of the subsequent adjusting wedges 280 and the number of the adjusting structures are the same as the number of the servo hydraulic cylinders 410.
In one embodiment, the adjust wedge 280, hydraulic drive structure, and adjustment structure are all arranged in 3 sets equally spaced circumferentially. The inventor finds that: when the number of the groups is 3, the complexity of the control can be reduced to the maximum extent. The following description will be given by taking an example in which the wedge adjusting block, the hydraulic drive structure, and the adjustment structure are all arranged in 3 sets at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The other group number conditions can be adaptively adjusted according to the embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
In this embodiment, the power transmission inside the push-in steerable rotary steerable drilling tool is as follows: an adjusting rod 270 is arranged in the transmission nipple 120 of the shell body, and the adjusting rod 270 is driven by a spline groove to rotate together with an external drill string; the adjustment rod 270 is engaged with the support ball seat 275 and rotated about the support ball seat 275 to change the azimuth angle of the bit and the structural bend angle of the tool; three adjusting wedges 280 on the upper part of the adjusting rod 270 axially reciprocate to mutually cooperate to push the adjusting rod 270 to rotate around the fulcrum; the servo hydraulic drive structure provides power for the movement of the adjustment wedge 280 and also provides a ramping force for the bit mount 140. On the whole, the deflecting force provided by the mode is larger and more stable.
Further, the fixed piston 500 of the hydraulic driving mechanism divides the cavity in the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity (i.e. a first pressure cavity 440 and a second pressure cavity 450); a cavity formed by the upper end of the upper end cover 411, the central tube 300 and the upper short section 110 is positioned on the upper short section 110 and is provided with a first side wall through hole 11 which is connected with a borehole annulus; similarly, the cavity formed by the lower end of the lower end cap 412, the central tube 300 and the upper short section 110 is positioned on the upper short section 110, and a second sidewall through hole 112 is arranged and connected with the borehole annulus. A control valve sleeve 250 of the adjusting mechanism is fixedly arranged between an upper end cover 411 and a lower end cover 412 of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410, the control valve sleeve 250 is of a hollow structure, and side wall through holes are formed in the upper cavity and the lower cavity correspondingly and are communicated with the cavities; the speed regulating motor 210 converts the rotation motion into the axial motion of the transmission block 230 through the transmission gear and the transmission screw 220, and the transmission block 230 drives the control valve core 240 to axially move in the central hole of the control valve sleeve 250. The control valve core 240 adjusts the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 to be alternately communicated with the high-pressure channel and the low-pressure channel, so that the axial movement directions of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 and the pull rod 260 are changed. The rotating speed of the speed regulating motor 210 is controlled to change the movement speed of the control valve core 240, and the liquid inlet speed of the high-pressure cavity of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 is controlled, so that the movement speed of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 is synchronous with the movement speed of the control valve core 240, and the purpose of servo adjustment is achieved. The rotation direction of the speed regulating motor 210 is controlled to change the movement direction of the control valve core 240; the speed regulating motor 210 rotates clockwise to control the valve core 240 to move axially downwards; the governor motor 210 rotates counterclockwise and the control valve spool 240 moves axially upward.
In a specific application scenario, for example, during drilling, fluid flows through the push-in directional rotary steerable tool, from the central bore of the central tube 300, the pressure hose 600, the central bore of the adjustment rod 270, the bit seat 140, into the drill bit, through the bit nozzle, and into the borehole annulus. The inside of the tool is high-pressure fluid, and the outer annular space is low-pressure fluid. The central hole of the central tube 300 is a high-pressure flow passage, and the upper end of the upper end cover 411 and the lower end of the lower end cover 412 of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 are communicated with an external annular low-pressure flow passage. The drill string torque is transmitted through the tool housing drive sub 120, via splines, from the adjustment rod 270, the bit mount 140 to the drill bit.
The adjustable-speed motor 210 drives the transmission block 230 to move axially through the transmission screw 220, and further drives the control valve core 240 to move axially. The speed regulating motor 210, spur gear and drive screw 220 can regulate the axial movement speed, direction and maximum travel of the control valve spool 240.
Referring to fig. 8 to 9, during the axial reciprocating motion of the control valve core 240, the first pressure chamber 440 and the second pressure chamber 450 of the servo cylinder 410 are alternately communicated with the high pressure flow passage and the low pressure flow passage. When the first pressure chamber 440 is connected to the upper low pressure channel and the second pressure chamber 450 is connected to the middle high pressure channel, the cylinder sleeve 430 moves downward, and the pull rod 260 drives the adjusting wedge 280 to move downward. When the first pressure chamber 440 is connected to the middle high pressure channel and the second pressure chamber 450 is connected to the lower low pressure channel, the cylinder sleeve 430 moves upward, and the adjusting wedge 280 is driven by the pull rod 260 to move upward.
Controlling the speed and direction of rotation of the governor motor 210 changes the speed and direction of movement of the governor wedge 280. In this specification, the adjusting wedges 280, the hydraulic drive structure, and the adjusting structure are all arranged in three sets at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Referring to fig. 6, 14 and 15, the three sets of adjusting wedges 280 move axially in a reciprocating manner to push the adjusting ball to deflect and drive the adjusting rod 270 to swing, so as to periodically change the orientation of the bit seat 140. When the shell of the body rotates in the drilling process, the drill bit keeps drilling in a certain direction. When the orientation of the drill bit seat 140 needs to be adjusted temporarily, the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor 210 is adjusted to control the movement speeds of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 and the adjusting wedge 280, and accordingly the deflection speed of the adjusting rod 270 is changed, so that the orientation of the adjusting rod 270 and the orientation of the drill bit seat 140 are changed.
When the structural bend angle between the drill bit seat 140 and the body casing needs to be increased, the one-way rotation time of the adjustment motor is increased, the one-way opening time of the high-pressure flow channel of the pressure cavity is prolonged, the axial movement stroke of the adjustment wedge 280 is increased, and the structural bend angle between the drill bit seat 140 and the body casing is increased. When the structural bend angle between the drill bit seat 140 and the body shell needs to be reduced, the one-way rotation time of the adjusting motor is reduced, the one-way opening time of the high-pressure flow channel of the pressure cavity is shortened, the axial movement stroke of the adjusting wedge block 280 is reduced, and the structural bend angle between the drill bit seat 140 and the body shell is reduced.
The direction and the bending angle of the drill bit seat 140 are adjusted by controlling the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the speed regulating motor 210 to realize the adjustment of the movement direction and the movement stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410, the control mode is only micro-adjustment, the driving torque required by the speed regulating motor 210 is small, and the adjustment mode is stable and reliable.
In the inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention, the main driving power is from a hydraulic driving structure, the driving force is large, large deflecting force can be provided, and the deflecting stability of the tool can be improved; during drilling, the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 drives the adjusting wedge 280 to axially reciprocate in the tool housing body, and the orientation of the adjusting rod 270 and the drill bit seat 140 is changed; the axial maximum stroke of the wedge block 280 is adjusted by adjusting the stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410, so that the tool bend angle is changed, the tool bend angle adjusting range is large, and the adjusting process is reliable and stable;
in the inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention, the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 drives the adjusting wedge 280 to axially reciprocate, so that the orientation of the drill bit seat 140 is periodically and regularly changed; the adjustment of the movement direction and the movement stroke of the servo hydraulic cylinder 410 is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor 210, the control mode is only micro-adjustment, the driving torque required by the speed regulating motor 210 is small, and the adjustment mode is reliable;
the push-in pointing type rotary steering drilling tool provided by the invention can simultaneously adjust the bending angle and the direction of the tool, automatically steer the drilling and realize the control of the track of the well in the drilling process.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and for distinguishing similar objects, and no precedence between the two is intended or should be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The above embodiments in the present specification are all described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment is described with emphasis on being different from other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described above, but the present invention is only used for the understanding of the present invention, and is not limited to the embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. An push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool, comprising:
a hollow housing body;
set up drill bit seat adjustment structure in the shell body includes: the adjusting rod, the adjusting ball seat, the supporting ball seat and the adjusting wedge block; the lower end of the adjusting rod is connected with a drill bit seat, the upper end of the adjusting rod is sleeved with an adjusting ball seat, and an adjusting wedge block is arranged outside the adjusting ball seat; the adjusting rod can rotate in the circumferential direction, and the supporting ball seat is used for providing a rotating fulcrum for the adjusting rod;
hydraulic drive mechanism, including the center tube, set up the peripheral servo hydraulic cylinder of center tube, servo hydraulic cylinder includes: the cylinder sleeve, the upper end cover, the lower end cover and the fixed piston are clamped on the outer side wall of the central tube, the fixed piston is a fan-shaped cylinder, and the fixed piston is provided with an axially through end face through hole; a piston groove is formed in the middle of the inner side wall of the fixed piston and can be matched with a side wall flange of the central pipe; a groove through hole communicated with the end surface through hole is formed in the side wall of the piston groove; the cylinder sleeve is slidably sleeved outside the fixed piston, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively and fixedly arranged at two ends of the cylinder sleeve, a side wall through hole is formed in the middle of the inner side wall of the cylinder sleeve at a position corresponding to the piston groove, and a first pressure cavity and a second pressure cavity are respectively formed above and below the fixed piston;
the pressure-resistant hose is arranged at the bottom end of the central pipe, and the pressure-resistant hose and the adjusting rod are axially communicated to form a drilling fluid channel; the bottom end of the servo hydraulic cylinder drives the adjusting wedge block to axially reciprocate through a pull rod; when the adjusting wedge block moves axially, the bend angle between the drill bit seat and the shell body can be changed, and the direction of the drill bit seat can be changed;
and the adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the axial movement and displacement of the hydraulic driving mechanism.
2. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the housing body comprises an upper short section, a transmission short section and an anti-drop joint which are connected in sequence, and a torque transmission structure is arranged between the transmission short section and the adjusting rod.
3. The push-in steerable rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 2, wherein a first adjustment ball is disposed at the top end of the adjustment rod and a second adjustment ball is disposed at the middle of the adjustment rod; a spline is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting rod between the first adjusting ball head and the second adjusting ball head, and a bulge part is arranged on the lower part of the second adjusting ball head along the outer side of the adjusting rod; the middle part of the transmission short section is provided with a spline groove, and the spline groove are matched to form the torque transmission structure; and the spline of the adjusting rod is slidably arranged in the spline groove of the transmission short section in a penetrating manner.
4. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein a first spherical recess is provided in the adjustment ball seat and a plurality of adjustment ramps are provided outside the adjustment ball seat; the first adjusting ball head can be connected in the first spherical groove in a swinging mode.
5. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 4, wherein the adjustment wedge is beveled on an inner side to coincide with the adjustment bevel of the adjustment ball seat along which the adjustment wedge slides.
6. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 5, wherein the inner side of the adjustment wedge is inclined at an angle of 10 ° to 15 °.
7. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 4, wherein a second spherical recess is provided in the support ball seat; the second adjusting ball head can swing and be connected with the second spherical groove to change the drill bit seat and the direction and the bending angle between the shell bodies, the supporting ball seat is coaxially sleeved in the central hole of the transmission short section and is arranged at the lower end of the spline groove of the transmission short section in a floating mode.
8. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 7, wherein the central tube is fixedly disposed inside the upper sub, a plurality of partition plates are circumferentially disposed on the outer sidewall of the central tube at equal intervals, and a first boss, a second boss and a third boss are axially disposed in sequence, wherein a first receiving groove is formed between the first boss and the second boss, and a second receiving groove is formed between the second boss and the third boss; the adjusting mechanism is arranged in the first accommodating groove, and the hydraulic driving mechanism is arranged in the second accommodating groove; the central tube is provided with a plurality of side wall through holes in the middle of the second accommodating groove, and side wall flanges are arranged outside the side wall through holes;
the transmission short section is located on the side wall of the second containing groove of the central pipe, a first side wall through hole and a second side wall through hole are axially formed in the side wall of the second containing groove of the central pipe, the first side wall through hole is located at the upper end of the upper end cover, and the second side wall through hole is located at the lower end of the lower end cover.
9. The push-in directed rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 8, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises: the device comprises a speed regulating motor, a first straight gear and a second straight gear which can be meshed with each other, a transmission screw, a transmission block and a control valve;
the first straight gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, and the second straight gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the transmission screw rod; the speed regulating motor drives the transmission screw to rotate through the first straight gear and the second straight gear;
the end face of the transmission block is provided with a first thread through hole and a second thread through hole, the transmission screw rod can be rotatably arranged in the first thread through hole of the transmission block, and the transmission screw rod and the transmission block form a screw rod nut mechanism;
the upper end of the control valve is arranged in the second threaded through hole of the transmission block in a penetrating mode and is fixedly connected with the transmission block.
10. The push-in directed rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 9, wherein the control valve comprises: a control valve core, a control valve sleeve sleeved on the control valve core,
the control valve sleeve is a hollow cylinder, a first valve sleeve through hole is formed in the position, located in the first pressure cavity, of the control valve sleeve, and a second valve sleeve through hole is formed in the position, located in the second pressure cavity, of the control valve sleeve; a middle side wall through hole is arranged in the middle of the control valve sleeve and corresponds to the groove through hole, and the middle side wall through hole is higher than the groove through hole; the control valve core is coaxially and slidably arranged in the control valve sleeve, a first valve core boss is arranged in the middle of the control valve core, and a second valve core boss is arranged at the bottom of the control valve core.
11. The push-in directional rotary steerable drilling tool of claim 2, wherein the lower adjustment rod boss end, the upper anti-drop joint end, the inner drive sub wall, and the outer adjustment rod wall form an annular cavity, wherein an elastic member is disposed within the annular cavity, the upper elastic member end abuts against the lower adjustment rod boss end, and the lower elastic member end seats against the upper anti-drop joint end.
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| CN202110349477.0A CN113073939B (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | Inward-pushing directional rotary steering drilling tool |
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| CN113494248B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-04-19 | 常州大学 | Electromagnetic flexible nipple drilling tool suitable for geothermal well |
| CN113585971B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Guiding control device and rotary guiding drilling tool |
| CN113944455B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-10-20 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Rotary joint and downhole instrument acting on multi-channel fluid and multi-core electrical connection |
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| DE102004054153A1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-11 | Tracto-Technik Gmbh | Drilling equipment for ground boring has housing connected to boring tools or drill head with freewheel whereby drill head is connected to drive device with drill tools and drill head is arranged outside the drilling equipment |
| CN108035677B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A kind of hybrid rotary guiding device |
| CN107939291B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-07-09 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A kind of rotary guiding device |
| CN108952575A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 徐芝香 | Torticollis static state directional type rotary steerable tool |
| CN110118058B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-10-13 | 北京工业大学 | Petal type rotary guiding drilling tool |
| CN110671050B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-12-25 | 北京工业大学 | Directional rotary steering drilling tool |
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