CN113073198A - Method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust and mud - Google Patents
Method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust and mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN113073198A CN113073198A CN202110326483.4A CN202110326483A CN113073198A CN 113073198 A CN113073198 A CN 113073198A CN 202110326483 A CN202110326483 A CN 202110326483A CN 113073198 A CN113073198 A CN 113073198A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/08—Chloridising roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust and mud. Relates to a method for recycling dust and mud in the metallurgical industry, in particular to a method for treating zinc-containing dust and mud. The unit energy consumption is low, and the dust and mud recovery rate is high. The method comprises the following steps: a feed preparation step, a chlorination reduction reaction step and a classified recovery step. The chloridizing agent combines with the metal in the dust mud to form metal chloride, and the chloride converts metal chloride into simple substance metal under the reducing action of reducing agent, takes place chlorination reduction reaction promptly to make metal or metal oxide (like zinc or zinc oxide etc.) can be recycled, and the temperature that chlorination reduction reaction takes place is low, consequently is low than prior art's unit energy consumption, the energy saving, thereby the unit energy consumption that the dust mud was handled has been reduced, and valuable metal recovery rate is high in addition, promotes the treatment benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recycling dust and mud in the metallurgical industry, in particular to a method for treating zinc-containing dust and mud.
Background
The steel industry is a major household for producing solid wastes, wherein the production proportion of the steelmaking dust and mud accounts for 5-8% of the steel yield. The treatment and the comprehensive utilization of the dust and sludge containing zinc,and the solid waste is reduced, harmless and recycled. Can correspondingly reduce a large amount of CO every year2The discharge amount is reduced, the consumption of new water is reduced, and simultaneously, a large amount of valuable elements such as iron, zinc, calcium and the like are recovered, so that the remarkable social benefit is obtained, and simultaneously, the abundant economic return is obtained.
The existing dust and mud treatment mode is that a rotary kiln or a rotary hearth furnace is generally adopted to directly heat the dust and mud which is pelletized, the heating temperature is up to more than 1100 ℃ plus 1300 ℃, so that heavy metal elements such as zinc, lead, potassium, sodium and the like in the dust and mud are gasified, separated and recovered, and the slag after final roasting reduction contains recyclable metal elements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for treating zinc-containing dust and sludge with low unit energy consumption and high recovery rate of dust and sludge.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust comprises the following steps:
a feeding preparation step, namely mixing zinc-containing dust and mud and an auxiliary agent to prepare a material ball for later use, wherein the auxiliary agent is a complex of a chlorinating agent and a reducing agent;
a chlorination reduction reaction step, namely feeding the pellets into a chlorination reduction furnace for roasting to obtain gasified zinc and iron-containing slag;
and (4) classifying and recycling, namely classifying and recycling the gasified zinc and the iron-containing material slag.
The material ball comprises, by weight, 95-105 parts of zinc-containing dust and mud, 5-15 parts of chlorinating agent and 4-8 parts of reducing agent.
The chlorinating agent is one or a compound of more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the reducing agent is bituminous coal, anthracite, tar or coke.
The feed preparation step comprises:
a material preparation step, namely uniformly mixing zinc-containing dust and an auxiliary agent in proportion to form coarse powder;
a crushing step, namely feeding the coarse powder into a crusher to be crushed to form fine powder;
and a balling step, namely feeding the fine powder into a balling machine for pressing and balling or spraying and balling to form material balls.
The fine powder is 100-mesh powder of 300 meshes, and the diameter of the material ball is 8-25 mm.
The chlorination reduction reaction step comprises the following steps:
and (3) roasting: feeding the material balls into the front section of a chlorination reduction furnace for roasting to reduce valuable metals;
a gasification step: the material balls are conveyed to the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace in the chlorination reduction furnace, and valuable metals are gasified and conveyed into a flue to be discharged from a kiln mouth.
The temperature in the chlorination reduction furnace in the chlorination reduction reaction step is 700-950 ℃, and the reduction period in the reduction reaction step is 0.5-2 h.
The temperature of the front section of the chlorination reduction furnace is 800 ℃, and the temperature of the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace is 910 ℃.
And in the step of classified recovery, the gaseous zinc is condensed to obtain metal zinc for recovery or oxidized to obtain zinc oxide for recovery, and the condensation temperature of the gaseous zinc is 400-500 ℃.
The step of recycling the iron-containing slag in the step of classifying and recycling comprises the following steps:
water quenching, namely soaking iron-containing slag at an outlet of the reduction furnace into water to obtain wet slag;
crushing, namely putting the wet material slag into a crusher to be crushed to obtain 100-mesh and 300-mesh material slag powder;
and a magnetic separation step, namely feeding the slag powder into a magnetic separator to separate the iron concentrate powder and the excess material in the slag, and respectively recovering the iron concentrate powder and the excess material.
Compared with the prior art, the chlorinating agent combines with the heavy metal in the dust mud to form chloride, the chloride converts metal chloride into elementary metal under the reducing action of the reducing agent, namely, the dust mud generates chlorination reduction reaction, thereby enabling metal or metal oxide (such as zinc or zinc oxide and the like) to be recycled, the temperature generated by the chlorination reduction reaction is low, therefore, the unit energy consumption is low compared with the prior art, the energy is saved, the unit energy consumption of treatment is reduced, the recovery rate of valuable metal is high, and the treatment benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
A method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust comprises the following steps: a feeding preparation step, namely mixing zinc-containing dust and mud and an auxiliary agent to prepare a material ball for later use, wherein the auxiliary agent is a complex of a chlorinating agent and a reducing agent; a reduction reaction step, namely feeding the pellets into a chlorination reduction furnace for roasting to obtain gasified zinc and iron-containing slag; and (4) classifying and recycling, namely classifying and recycling the gasified zinc and the material slag. The chlorinating agent is combined with valuable metals in the dust mud to form metal chloro compounds, the metal chloro compounds enable the metal chloro compounds to be converted into simple substance metals or metal oxides (zinc or zinc oxide and the like) under the reducing action of the reducing agent, namely, the dust mud is subjected to chlorination reduction reaction, so that the valuable metals can be recycled, and the temperature of the chlorination reduction reaction is low, so that the unit energy consumption is low compared with that of the prior art, the energy is saved, the recovery rate of the valuable metals is high, and the treatment benefit is improved.
The material ball comprises, by weight, 95-105 parts of zinc-containing dust and mud, 5-7 parts of chlorinating agent and 4-8 parts of reducing agent. The chlorinating agent is one or a compound of more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the reducing agent is anthracite, tar or coke. Preferably, 100 parts of zinc-containing dust and mud, 5 parts of chlorinating agent and 5 parts of reducing agent are uniformly stirred to prepare the material balls. The pellets are fed into a chlorination reduction furnace (reduction kiln), preferably calcium chloride is used to perform chlorination reaction with the metal in the dust mud to form metal chloride, and after the reaction is continued, the chlorine-containing metal salt reacts with the reducing agent to generate elemental metal. The water absorbed by the material and the crystal water in the chlorinating agent react under the environment of reducing agent carbon and high temperature, the generated hydrogen is combined with chlorine element to generate hydrogen chloride gas, and the hydrogen chloride gas is discharged from a kiln mouth and is prepared into hydrochloric acid for collection treatment through spray treatment. Meanwhile, due to the high temperature of the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace, the metal is in a gas state and is discharged from a kiln opening, solid elemental metal can be obtained if the temperature of the kiln opening is reduced, and air is directly introduced into the kiln opening, so that the elemental metal and oxygen in the air are subjected to oxidation reaction in a high-temperature environment to obtain metal oxide.
Taking zinc-containing dust and mud as an example, the zinc-containing dust and mud is firstly made into material balls with coke and calcium chloride, the material balls are sent into a chlorination reduction furnace, zinc element is subjected to chlorination reaction to obtain zinc chloride, the zinc chloride is reduced by the coke after continuous reaction to obtain zinc monomers, the reduced zinc monomers are gasified due to the high temperature in the chlorination reduction furnace and are discharged from a kiln mouth, meanwhile, chlorine element and a small amount of moisture contained in a chlorinating agent are subjected to reaction under the environment of carbon and high temperature to generate hydrogen chloride gas, and the hydrogen chloride gas is mixed with the gasified zinc monomers and is discharged from the kiln mouth, so that valuable metal zinc in the zinc-containing dust and mud is separated from the dust and mud, the content of metal zinc in the dust and mud is reduced, and the zinc-containing dust and mud is harmless. The gaseous zinc discharged from the kiln mouth can be provided with a condensation catcher to cool the smoke to below the desublimation temperature of the zinc so as to collect and obtain elemental zinc metal, or air is introduced to ensure that the zinc in the smoke reacts with oxygen in the air to obtain zinc oxide, the zinc oxide can be used as a commodity and can be collected by a bag dust collector, and the hydrogen chloride gas discharged from the kiln mouth is circularly sprayed by a spray tower to prepare hydrochloric acid which can be recycled. More than 93 percent of zinc elements in the dust mud after the treatment are recovered to be zinc monomers or zinc oxide for recycling, and because the components in the dust mud are complex, except zinc, a small amount of potassium, sodium and the like are also chlorinated by a chlorinating agent and are reduced by a reducing agent, so that the metal elements such as potassium, sodium and the like in the dust mud are separated from the dust mud, more than 60 percent of potassium, sodium and the like in the dust mud are recovered, the metal content in the dust mud is further reduced, meanwhile, the residual slag in the dust mud contains iron, the iron-containing slag can be directly returned to a steel mill process link for smelting, fine iron powder in the iron-containing slag can be separated by a magnetic separator, and the residual calcium compounds are cement production raw materials and are sold to professional companies for deep processing. Thereby realizing the harmless recycling of the zinc-containing dust and sludge and reducing or even eliminating the pollution to the environment caused by the dust and sludge accumulation.
The temperature of the front section in the chlorination reduction furnace is controlled to be about 800 ℃, the chlorination reduction furnace is mainly used for chlorination reduction reaction, zinc in the front section is reduced, the temperature of the front section of the chlorination reduction furnace cannot reach the temperature of zinc gasification, so that reduced valuable metal is in a liquid state or is wrapped on materials and directly enters the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace along with material balls, the temperature of the rear section is controlled to be about 950 ℃, the zinc in the liquid state is gasified into gaseous zinc at the temperature, and the zinc is discharged from a kiln opening of the reduction furnace to a condensation catcher to cool flue gas to below the temperature of zinc sublimation so as to collect and obtain elemental zinc metal. Or directly introducing air to react the zinc in the gas state with oxygen in the air to generate zinc oxide which is collected by the bag dust collector.
The feed preparation step comprises:
a material preparation step, namely uniformly mixing zinc-containing dust and an auxiliary agent in proportion to form coarse powder; a crushing step, namely feeding the coarse powder into a crusher to be crushed to form fine powder; and a balling step, namely feeding the fine powder into a balling machine for pressing and balling or spraying and balling to form material balls. The fine powder is 100-mesh powder of 300 meshes, and the diameter of the material ball is 8-25 mm. The diameter of the material ball is selected to be 8mm-25mm, which is beneficial to more complete reaction, and the diameter of the material ball is preferably 20 mm. In the previous process of preparing the pellets, the dust mud, the chlorinating agent and the reducing agent are preferably ground into fine powder of 200 meshes, the dust mud, the chlorinating agent, the binder and the like are fully mixed while grinding, and the uniformity of the quality of the prepared pellets is ensured, so that the reaction is more full.
The roasting temperature in the reduction reaction step is 700-950 ℃, and the reduction period in the reduction reaction step is 0.5-2 h. The temperature of 700-950 ℃ can ensure normal chlorination reduction reaction and ensure that reduced metals such as zinc and the like are in a gas state and are discharged from a kiln mouth along with flue gas, thereby separating valuable metal elements in dust and mud.
In the step of classified recovery, the gasified zinc is condensed to obtain metal zinc recovery or is introduced with an oxidant (air can be directly introduced, oxygen in the air directly reacts with the zinc to obtain zinc oxide) to obtain zinc oxide recovery, the condensation temperature of the gasified zinc is 400-500 ℃, the condensation temperature is controlled to be about 450 ℃ as far as possible, so that the zinc can be fully condensed and crystallized, meanwhile, crystallization of other metals in the same region is reduced, and the purity of the extracted zinc metal is ensured. A condensation catcher is arranged in a kiln mouth flue, the temperature of flue gas is reduced, so that zinc monomers are condensed into solids, the zinc monomers are recovered, or air is introduced into the kiln mouth flue, so that zinc reacts with oxygen in the air to form zinc oxide, a cloth bag is utilized to collect dust and recover the zinc, the zinc oxide is sold for a professional company to be deeply processed, iron-containing material slag can be directly returned to a steel mill process link for smelting, iron fine powder can be separated after magnetic separation by a magnetic separator, and residual material slag is sold for the professional company to be deeply processed, so that the additional value of zinc-containing dust mud can be further developed, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.
The step of recycling iron-containing material slag in the step of classifying and recycling comprises the following steps:
water quenching, namely soaking iron-containing material slag into water to obtain wet material slag; crushing, namely putting the wet material slag into a crusher to be crushed to obtain 100-mesh and 300-mesh material slag powder; and a magnetic separation step, namely feeding the slag powder into a magnetic separator to separate the iron concentrate powder and the excess material in the slag, and respectively recovering the iron concentrate powder and the excess material. The iron-containing slag can be directly returned to a smelting plant for smelting, or iron concentrate powder can be separated after magnetic separation by a magnetic separator, and the residual slag (after iron in the slag is separated by the magnetic separation) is also sold to a professional company for further processing, so that the additional value of the zinc-containing dust and mud can be further developed, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a feeding preparation step, namely mixing zinc-containing dust and mud and an auxiliary agent to prepare a material ball for later use, wherein the auxiliary agent is a complex of a chlorinating agent and a reducing agent;
a chlorination reduction reaction step, namely feeding the pellets into a chlorination reduction furnace for roasting to obtain gasified zinc and iron-containing slag;
and (4) classifying and recycling, namely classifying and recycling the gasified zinc and the iron-containing material slag.
2. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the material ball comprises, by weight, 95-105 parts of zinc-containing dust and mud, 5-15 parts of chlorinating agent and 4-8 parts of reducing agent.
3. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the chlorinating agent is one or a compound of more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the reducing agent is bituminous coal, anthracite, tar or coke.
4. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the feed preparation step comprises:
a material preparation step, namely uniformly mixing zinc-containing dust and an auxiliary agent in proportion to form coarse powder;
a crushing step, namely feeding the coarse powder into a crusher to be crushed to form fine powder;
and a balling step, namely feeding the fine powder into a balling machine for pressing and balling or spraying and balling to form material balls.
5. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the fine powder is 100-mesh powder of 300 meshes, and the diameter of the material ball is 8-25 mm.
6. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the chlorination reduction reaction step comprises the following steps:
and (3) roasting: feeding the material balls into the front section of a chlorination reduction furnace for roasting to reduce valuable metals;
a gasification step: the material balls are conveyed to the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace in the chlorination reduction furnace, and valuable metals are gasified and conveyed into a kiln mouth flue to be discharged.
7. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature in the chlorination reduction furnace in the chlorination reduction reaction step is 700-950 ℃, and the reduction period in the reduction reaction step is 0.5-2 h.
8. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 6 wherein: the temperature of the front section of the chlorination reduction furnace is 800 ℃, and the temperature of the rear section of the chlorination reduction furnace is 950 ℃.
9. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step of classified recovery, the gaseous zinc is condensed to obtain metal zinc for recovery or oxidized to obtain zinc oxide for recovery, and the condensation temperature of the gaseous zinc is 400-500 ℃.
10. A method for efficient conditioning of zinc containing sludge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step of recycling the iron-containing slag in the step of classifying and recycling comprises the following steps:
water quenching, namely soaking iron-containing slag at an outlet of the reduction furnace into water to obtain wet slag;
crushing, namely putting the wet material slag into a crusher to be crushed to obtain 100-mesh and 300-mesh material slag powder;
and a magnetic separation step, namely feeding the slag powder into a magnetic separator to separate the iron concentrate powder and the excess material in the slag, and respectively recovering the iron concentrate powder and the excess material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110326483.4A CN113073198A (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust and mud |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110326483.4A CN113073198A (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Method for efficiently treating zinc-containing dust and mud |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113604664A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏艾利特资源环境科技有限公司 | Method for recovering zinc product and/or iron product from ferrous metallurgy zinc-containing solid waste |
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2021
- 2021-03-26 CN CN202110326483.4A patent/CN113073198A/en active Pending
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| CN101886176A (en) * | 2010-07-10 | 2010-11-17 | 吕伟鹏 | Method for reducing, chloridizing, oxidizing and recovering iron, tin, lead and zinc in waste magnetic separation dreg in rotary kiln without pelletizing |
| CN102277485A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2011-12-14 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting nonferrous metals by processing low-content nonferrous metal material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113604664A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏艾利特资源环境科技有限公司 | Method for recovering zinc product and/or iron product from ferrous metallurgy zinc-containing solid waste |
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Application publication date: 20210706 |