CN113071186A - Impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113071186A CN113071186A CN202110325254.0A CN202110325254A CN113071186A CN 113071186 A CN113071186 A CN 113071186A CN 202110325254 A CN202110325254 A CN 202110325254A CN 113071186 A CN113071186 A CN 113071186A
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 silicon alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nano materials, in particular to an impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material which comprises a supporting base layer, wherein a heat-insulating layer is bonded on the top of the supporting base layer, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is bonded on the bottom of the heat-insulating layer, the bottom of the heat-insulating layer is bonded with the top of the supporting base layer through the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, a protective layer is bonded on the bottom of the supporting base layer, and an enhancement layer is bonded on the top of the heat-insulating layer; according to the invention, silicate fiber is added in the preparation process of the gel as a modifier, so that the strength and toughness of the material can be improved, tetraethoxysilane is used as a silicon source, and the obtained heat insulation and heat preservation material has certain strength and can be used for heat preservation engineering practice; the heat-insulating material has a simple structure, can resist high temperature of over 600 ℃, ensures that the quality of the heat-insulating material cannot be reduced in the using process, has excellent shock resistance, prolongs the service life of the material, saves energy, improves the service performance, and has strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano materials, in particular to an impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nano SiO2The aerogel is a novel light-weight porous material,the material has low density, high porosity, low heat conductivity, high light transmittance, low refractive index and low sound propagation speed, and is a novel high-efficiency light-transmitting, heat-insulating and sound-insulating material. The product has high light transmittance and low heat conductivity, and is particularly suitable for application places requiring light transmission and high-efficiency heat preservation, such as solar photo-thermal low-temperature flat water heaters, medium-temperature flat plate heat collectors, building glass windows and the like.
Patent application No. CN201610860053.X discloses a nanometer SiO2The invention discloses a preparation method of aerogel and discloses nano SiO2The invention relates to a preparation method of aerogel, which generates laminar plasma beams through a laminar plasma generating device to supply processed nano SiO2The particles are heated to make the nano SiO2Evaporating and vaporizing the particles, and then condensing the nano SiO by a condensing device2Condensing the particles, namely depositing a nickel-phosphorus alloy thin film layer on a glass substrate, and screening, drying, evaporating, vaporizing and condensing the nano SiO by the deposited glass substrate2The particles are electrostatically attracted. Deposited glass substrate pair nano SiO2The adsorption of the particles is uniform, and the formed nano SiO2The aerogel has no pores and uniform texture. Mixing nano SiO2The pretreatment of the particles is combined with the electrostatic adsorption substrate treatment, thereby greatly improving the nano SiO2The preparation efficiency of the aerogel.
However, the nano SiO2The preparation method of the aerogel also has a lot of problems, which affect the normal use, for example, the defects of poor mechanical strength, poor toughness and easy brittleness of the aerogel limit the aerogel to be directly used as a heat insulation material to be applied to heat insulation engineering, and the existing heat insulation material has poor structure impact resistance, is easy to damage in the use process and short service life, so that the impact-resistant heat insulation nano material and the preparation method thereof are provided to solve the problems.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
The invention aims to provide an impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of poor mechanical strength, poor toughness and easy brittleness, limit the direct application of the material in heat-insulating engineering as a heat-insulating material, and have the defects of poor impact resistance, easy damage in the using process and short service life of the existing heat-insulating material structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a heat preservation nano-material shocks resistance, is including supporting the basic unit, the top bonding that supports the basic unit has the heat preservation, the bottom bonding of heat preservation has aluminium dihydrogen phosphate, the bottom of heat preservation is passed through aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and is supported the top bonding of basic unit, the bottom bonding that supports the basic unit has the protective layer, the top bonding of heat preservation has the enhancement layer, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and the bottom bonding that supports the basic unit are passed through to the top of protective layer, the top bonding of aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and heat preservation is passed through to the bottom of enhancement layer, the heat preservation is modified SiO2And (3) nano aerogel.
Preferably, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is a high-temperature-resistant adhesive layer, and the thickness of the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is one millimeter.
Preferably, the supporting base layer is made of glass fiber cotton, and the inside of the supporting base layer is of a porous net structure.
Preferably, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer are made of the same material, and both the protective layer and the reinforcing layer are wear-resistant layers.
A preparation method of an impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material comprises the following steps:
step 1: stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution;
step 2: preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is that the addition amount of 200-450mL of the mixed solution is 20-35 mL of ammonia water, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
and step 3: sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold;
and 4, step 4: to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel to prepare an insulating layer;
and 5: bonding: selecting a proper supporting base layer, a proper heat-insulating layer, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, a proper protective layer and a proper reinforcing layer, cutting the supporting base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, the proper protective layer and the proper reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the supporting base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, the proper protective layer and the proper.
Preferably, in the step 1, the nano SiO2The particles need to be sieved by a screen mesh, and the fineness of the screen mesh is 80-120 meshes.
Preferably, in the step 1, nano SiO2The particles are sent into a laminar plasma generator to react with the nano SiO2The particles are evaporated and vaporized.
Preferably, in step 3, the glass fibers used are long glass fibers, and are reprocessed by using a glass fiber carding machine to increase the surface area of the fibers.
Preferably, in step 3, the glass fiber is woven into a net structure when the glass fiber is immersed in the mold.
Preferably, in step 5, after the supporting base layer, the insulating layer, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer are bonded, pressing and attaching are performed by using a pressing roller, and each attaching layer is pressed once.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, silicate fiber is added as a modifier in the preparation process of the gel, so that the strength and toughness of the material can be increased, tetraethoxysilane is used as a silicon source, the aluminum silicate fiber reinforced nanopore super heat-insulating material is prepared, and the obtained heat-insulating and heat-preserving material has certain strength and can be used for heat-preserving engineering practice;
2. the heat-insulating material has a simple structure, can resist high temperature of over 600 ℃, ensures that the quality of the heat-insulating material is not reduced in the using process, has excellent shock resistance, prolongs the service life of the material, saves energy, improves the using performance, and has strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the inventive structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention in disassembled form;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a supporting base layer; 2. a heat-insulating layer; 3. aluminum dihydrogen phosphate; 4. a protective layer; 5. an enhancement layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the patent of the invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the patent of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, an impact-resistant thermal insulation nanomaterial comprises a support base layer 1, a thermal insulation layer 2 adhered to the top of the support base layer 1, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3 adhered to the bottom of the thermal insulation layer 2, the bottom of the thermal insulation layer 2 adhered to the top of the support base layer 1 through the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 adhered to the bottom of the support base layer 1, a reinforcing layer 5 adhered to the top of the thermal insulation layer 2, the top of the protective layer 4 adhered to the bottom of the support base layer 1 through the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, the bottom of the reinforcing layer 5 adhered to the top of the thermal insulation layer 2 through the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, and the thermal insulation layer 2 made of modified SiO2The nano aerogel has simple structure and canThe heat-insulating material can resist high temperature of over 600 ℃, the quality of the heat-insulating material cannot be reduced in the using process, and the heat-insulating material has excellent shock resistance, so that the service life of the material is prolonged, the energy is saved, the service performance is improved, and the practicability is high.
In this embodiment, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3 is a high-temperature-resistant adhesive layer, and the thickness of the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3 is one millimeter, so that high temperature can be tolerated and delamination can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the support base layer 1 is made of glass fiber wool, and the support base layer 1 has a porous network structure inside, so that the strength can be enhanced.
In this embodiment, the protective layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 5 are made of the same material, and the protective layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 5 are both wear-resistant layers, which can enhance the wear resistance of the material.
A preparation method of an impact-resistant heat-preservation nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution;
step 2: preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
and step 3: sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold;
and 4, step 4: to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer 2;
and 5: bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting to a proper size, then bonding according to a laminated structure of materials, adding silicate fibers as a modifier in the preparation process of gel, increasing the strength and toughness of the materials, and preparing the aluminum silicate fiber reinforced nanopore super heat-insulating material by taking tetraethoxysilane as a silicon source.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, in step 1, nano SiO2The particles need to be sieved by a screen mesh, the fineness of the screen mesh is 80-120 meshes, and the nano SiO is guaranteed2Fusibility of the particles.
Stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution; preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel; sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold; to obtain SiO2Aerogel: placing the sealed mold into 35-45 deg.C water bath, mixing the solution for 10-15 min to start gelation, continuously water bath for gelation, repeatedly washing with mixture of silicon alkoxide and anhydrous ethanol, soaking the gel with ethanol for 20 min, agingAfter about nine hours, the SiO is prepared2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer 2; bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
Example two:
in this embodiment, in step 1, nano SiO2The particles are sent into a laminar plasma generator to react with the nano SiO2The particles are evaporated and vaporized, and are convenient to fuse.
Stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution; preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel; sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold; to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Nano aerogel is tailor and is made heat preservation2; bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
Example three:
in this embodiment, in step 3, the glass fibers used are long glass fibers, and are reprocessed by using a glass fiber carding machine to increase the surface area of the fibers and enhance and ensure the strength of the material.
Stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution; preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel; sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold; to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer 2; bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
Example four:
in this embodiment, in step 3, when the glass fiber is immersed in the mold, the glass fiber needs to be woven into a net structure to tightly connect the parts of the material.
Stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution; preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel; sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold; to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer 2; bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
Example five:
in this embodiment, in step 5, the pressing roller is used to compress and attach after the bonding of the support base layer 1, the heat preservation layer 2, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, the protection layer 4 and the enhancement layer 5 is completed, and the pressing is performed once every time one layer is attached, so that bubbles can be reduced, and the connection of each part is tighter.
Stirring and hydrolyzing: will prepare the aerogelColloidal ethyl orthosilicate and nano SiO2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution; preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is 200-450mL of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the ammonia water is 20-35 mL, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel; sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold; to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer 2; bonding: selecting a proper support base layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, a protective layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 5, cutting the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the support base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
The working principle is as follows: modification of SiO2 aerogel in SiO2Silicate fiber is added in the preparation process of the aerogel to serve as a modifier, so that the strength and toughness of the material can be improved, and the applicable organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating and heat-preserving SiO can be finally prepared2The aerogel takes tetraethoxysilane as a silicon source, the aluminum silicate fiber reinforced nanopore super heat-insulating material is prepared, the performance of the aerogel is tested, the result shows that the obtained heat-insulating and heat-preserving material has certain strength, can be used for heat-preserving engineering practice, shows wide application prospect, and utilizes the supporting base layer 1, the heat-preserving layer 2, the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate 3, the protective layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 5The structure laminating has strengthened the joint strength between each layer, and simple structure reasonable in design can be able to bear the high temperature more than 600 ℃, and it is good to guarantee insulation material quality in the use, and shock resistance is good, increase of service life, the energy saving improves performance, and the practicality is strong.
Although embodiments of the present patent have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present patent, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material comprises a supporting base layer (1), and is characterized in that: the top of supporting basic unit (1) is bonded and is had heat preservation (2), the bottom of heat preservation (2) is bonded and is had aluminium dihydrogen phosphate (3), the bottom of heat preservation (2) is passed through aluminium dihydrogen phosphate (3) and is bonded with the top of supporting basic unit (1), the bottom of supporting basic unit (1) is bonded and is had protective layer (4), the top of heat preservation (2) is bonded and is had enhancement layer (5), the bottom of protective layer (4) is passed through aluminium dihydrogen phosphate (3) and is bonded with the bottom of supporting basic unit (1), the top of aluminium dihydrogen phosphate (3) and heat preservation (2) are passed through to the bottom of enhancement layer (5) is bonded, heat preservation (2) are modified SiO2And (3) nano aerogel.
2. The impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (3) is a high-temperature-resistant adhesive layer, and the thickness of the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (3) is one millimeter.
3. The impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the support base layer (1) is made of glass fiber cotton, and the inside of the support base layer (1) is of a porous net structure.
4. The impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the protective layer (4) and the enhancement layer (5) are made of the same material, and both the protective layer (4) and the enhancement layer (5) are wear-resistant layers.
5. A preparation method of an impact-resistant heat-preservation nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: stirring and hydrolyzing: preparing tetraethoxysilane and nano SiO of aerogel2The molar ratio of the particles, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water, silicate fibers and hydrochloric acid is 0.9: 0.1; (8-15); (3-9); 0.133; 0.032, adjusting pH to 3-4, stirring at 30-45 deg.C, and hydrolyzing for more than 12 hr to obtain mixed solution;
step 2: preparing silicon dioxide gel: adding 0.8mol/L ammonia water into the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount is that the addition amount of 200-450mL of the mixed solution is 20-35 mL of ammonia water, and rapidly stirring for 3-5min to carry out a gelation reaction to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
and step 3: sealing the die: repeatedly washing the glass fiber with ethanol and deionized water, drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain silica gel, sequentially immersing the glass fiber in the mold in layers, and sealing the mold;
and 4, step 4: to obtain SiO2Aerogel: putting the sealed mould into a water bath at 35-45 ℃, mixing the solution within 10-15 minutes to start gelation, continuing the water bath after the solution is mixed to gel, then repeatedly washing the gel by using a mixed solution of silicon alkoxide and absolute ethyl alcohol, then only soaking the gel in the ethyl alcohol for 20 minutes, and aging the gel for about nine hours to obtain the SiO2Aerogel, SiO to be produced2Washing the aerogel in deionized water, and then drying for 12 hours at the drying environment of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the modified SiO2Nano aerogel, modified SiO2Cutting the nano aerogel into an insulating layer (2);
and 5: bonding: selecting a proper supporting base layer (1), a heat-insulating layer (2), aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (3), a protective layer (4) and a reinforcing layer (5), cutting the supporting base layer, the heat-insulating layer, the protective layer and the reinforcing layer to proper sizes, and then bonding the supporting base layer, the heat-insulating layer and the reinforcing layer according to the laminated structure of materials.
6. According toThe preparation method of the impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the nano SiO2The particles need to be sieved by a screen mesh, and the fineness of the screen mesh is 80-120 meshes.
7. The preparation method of the impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1, nano SiO2The particles are sent into a laminar plasma generator to react with the nano SiO2The particles are evaporated and vaporized.
8. The preparation method of the impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step 3, the used glass fiber is long glass fiber, and is reprocessed by using a glass fiber carding machine to increase the surface area of the fiber.
9. The preparation method of the impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step 3, the glass fiber needs to be woven into a net structure when being immersed into the mold.
10. The preparation method of the impact-resistant heat-insulating nano material according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 5, the supporting base layer (1), the heat-insulating layer (2), the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (3), the protective layer (4) and the reinforcing layer (5) are bonded and then pressed and attached by using a pressing roller, and the pressing is performed once when each layer is attached.
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