CN113068881A - 一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩 - Google Patents

一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩 Download PDF

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CN113068881A
CN113068881A CN202011567484.XA CN202011567484A CN113068881A CN 113068881 A CN113068881 A CN 113068881A CN 202011567484 A CN202011567484 A CN 202011567484A CN 113068881 A CN113068881 A CN 113068881A
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CN113068881B (zh
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王博
马小杰
冯霄
郭振彬
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，属于医用防护口罩技术领域。所述口罩包括固定带、鼻夹和口罩主体，所述口罩主体是由外无纺布层、中间层和内无纺布层组成复合层状结构，中间层为负载有α‑MOF材料的无纺布层；α‑MOF材料是氧化锌和2‑甲基咪唑通过机械球磨合成得到的，α‑MOF材料在无纺布上的负载量为20g/m2～40g/m2。本发明通过选用对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌具有杀灭效果的MOF材料负载到制备口罩用的无纺布上，并通过调控MOF材料的负载量，可以实现口罩对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的针对性高效杀灭，杀灭率达到99.99％，实现对人员的有效防护。

Description

一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，属于医用防护口罩技术领域。
背景技术
细菌或真菌等微生物，其主要传播途径为飞沫和气溶胶传播，患者喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时喷出的飞沫，以及该飞沫混合在空气中形成的气溶胶，被接触者吸入呼吸道后会导致感染，因而佩戴口罩是一种非常必要的基本防护手段，口罩也在限制呼吸道传染病的传播扩散方面起到了关键的作用。
目前市场上防护口罩多数依靠静电吸附或布朗扩散机制来阻隔微生物，吸附能力有限，使用寿命较低，不具备有效的杀灭细菌或真菌的效果，不利于从根本上切断细菌或真菌的传播。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，采用负载有特定金属有机框架(MOF)材料的无纺布制备口罩，在有效阻隔有害气体和颗粒的同时，能够实现对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的高效灭杀。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，所述口罩包括固定带、鼻夹和口罩主体，所述口罩主体是由外无纺布层、中间层和内无纺布层组成复合层状结构，中间层为负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布层；
其中，α-MOF材料在无纺布上的负载量为20g/m2～40g/m2；所述口罩具有杀灭大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的功能；
α-MOF材料是采用机械球磨合成得到的，即：将氧化锌和2-甲基咪唑按照摩尔比1：4的比例混合，然后加入乙醇，在70r/min～150r/min下球磨15min～30min，除去乙醇，即可得到α-MOF材料。
进一步地，无纺布优选为聚乙烯(PE)和聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)的混纺无纺布，其中PE与PET的质量比为1:(2～3)。
进一步地，氧化锌在乙醇中浓度优选0.04g/mL～0.1g/mL。
进一步地，α-MOF材料在无纺布上的负载量优选25g/m2～35g/m2。
进一步地，α-MOF材料是采用如下方法负载在无纺布上的：
先将α-MOF材料和聚乙二醇按照(2～6)：1的质量比混合均匀，然后均匀涂抹在制备无纺布的纤维丝上，再在60℃～150℃的热压温度以及0.5MPa～3MPa的热压压力下热压10min～50min，得到负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝；以负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝为原料制备得到负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布。
进一步地，优选分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇。
进一步地，热压温度优选80℃～100℃，热压压力优选1MPa～2MPa，热压时间优选15min～30min。
有益效果：
本发明通过选用对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌具有杀灭效果的MOF材料负载到制备口罩用的无纺布上，并通过调控MOF材料的负载量，可以实现口罩对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的针对性高效杀灭，杀灭率达到99.99％，实现对人员的有效防护。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中所制备的α-MOF材料的粉末衍射(PXRD)图谱与理论模拟的α-MOF材料的粉末衍射(PXRD)图谱的对比图。
图2为实施例1中制备的负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝的低倍扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图3为实施例1中制备的负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝的高倍扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图4为实施例1中所制备的口罩的结构示意图。
图5为实施例1中未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布上的细菌生长图片。
图6为实施例1中负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布上的细菌生长图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述，其中，所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法，所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
在本发明中，所制备的α-MOF材料通过X射线粉末衍射进行表征，其中使用的仪器为Bruker D8 Advance(布鲁克，德国)，测试条件如下：电压40kV，电流15mA，Cu靶，λ＝0.154nm。
实施例1
(1)将0.6mmol氧化锌和2.4mmol 2-甲基咪唑混合，然后加入1mL乙醇，在120r/min下球磨30min，除去乙醇，得到α-MOF材料；
(2)将3gα-MOF材料和1.5g PEG-200(分子量为200的聚乙二醇)加入研钵中，研磨混合均匀，然后均匀涂抹在纤维丝上，再在100℃的热压温度以及1.5MPa的热压压力下热压30min，得到负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝；以负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝为原料制备得到负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布，负载量为20g/m2；其中，无纺布为PE和PET的混纺无纺布，且PE与PET的质量比为1:2；
(3)以未负载α-MOF材料的纤维丝为原料制备的无纺布(即未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布)分别作为口罩主体的外无纺布层和内无纺布层，以负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布作为口罩主体的中间层，外无纺布层、中间层以及内无纺布层复合在一起构成口罩主体，在口罩主体的上侧安装可塑性鼻梁条作为鼻夹，在口罩主体的左右两侧分别安装固定带，得到口罩，如图4所示。
对步骤(1)所制备的α-MOF材料进行PXRD测试，根据图1的测试结果可知，成功合成了α-MOF材料。
结合图2和图3中的SEM照片可知，纤维丝表面均匀负载有α-MOF材料。
采用中间层负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布测试其对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果，同时以内无纺布层或外无纺布层未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布作为空白对照，具体测试步骤如下：
将负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布和未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布分别裁剪至(50±2)mm×(50±2)mm，用70％乙醇溶液浸泡，1min后用无菌水冲洗，自然干燥；
将裁减后的负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布和未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布分别放置于已灭菌的表面皿中，分别取0.2mL试验用大肠杆菌悬浊液(5.0×105～10.0×105CFU/mL)和0.2mL营养琼脂均匀涂覆在负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布以及未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布上，随后盖好表面皿盖，并放在(37±1)℃、相对湿度大于90％RH条件下培养24h，对表面皿里的菌落进行计数(如图5和图6所示)，计算杀菌率M。
M＝(C0-C)/C0×100％
C0：未负载α-MOF材料的无纺布上的细菌生长数；
C：负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布上的细菌生长数；
经过计算可知，负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布对大肠杆菌的杀灭率可达99.99％。
将大肠杆菌悬浊液(5.0×105～10.0×105CFU/mL)分别替换为金黄色葡萄球菌悬浊液(5.0×105～10.0×105CFU/mL)、白色念珠菌悬浊液(1.0×105CFU/mL)，其他测试条件不变，则经过计算可知，负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布对金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌的杀灭率均达到99.99％。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，所述口罩包括固定带、鼻夹和口罩主体，其特征在于：所述口罩主体是由外无纺布层、中间层和内无纺布层组成复合层状结构，中间层为负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布层；
所述α-MOF材料在无纺布上的负载量为20g/m2～40g/m2；
所述细菌和真菌包含大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌；
所述α-MOF材料是采用如下方法制备得到的：将氧化锌和2-甲基咪唑按照摩尔比1：4的比例混合，然后加入乙醇，在70r/min～150r/min下球磨15min～30min，再除去乙醇，得到α-MOF材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：无纺布为PE和PET的混纺无纺布，其中，PE与PET的质量比为1:(2～3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：氧化锌在乙醇中浓度为0.04g/mL～0.1g/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：α-MOF材料在无纺布上的负载量为25g/m2～35g/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：α-MOF材料是采用如下方法负载在无纺布上的：
先将α-MOF材料和聚乙二醇按照(2～6)：1的质量比混合均匀，然后均匀涂抹在制备无纺布的纤维丝上，再在60℃～150℃的热压温度以及0.5MPa～3MPa的热压压力下热压10min～50min，得到负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝；以负载有α-MOF材料的纤维丝为原料制备得到负载有α-MOF材料的无纺布。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：选用分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种高效杀灭细菌、真菌的口罩，其特征在于：热压温度为80℃～100℃，热压压力为1MPa～2MPa，热压时间为15min～30min。
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