CN113061794A - Two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113061794A
CN113061794A CN202110323013.2A CN202110323013A CN113061794A CN 113061794 A CN113061794 A CN 113061794A CN 202110323013 A CN202110323013 A CN 202110323013A CN 113061794 A CN113061794 A CN 113061794A
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操振华
翟高阳
开明杰
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a light high-entropy alloy design of a two-phase double-coherent heterostructure and a preparation method thereof. The alloy is characterized in that the high-entropy alloy is of an FCC/BCC two-phase double-coherent structure, and the high-entropy alloy is marked as Al according to the atomic ratioa(TiV)bMcNdM is at least one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, and N is Si, C, B or the likeOne or more of; wherein a is more than or equal to 40 and less than or equal to 60, b is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, c and d are not 0 at the same time, and a + b + c + d is 100. The alloy ingot is directly prepared by magnetic suspension induction melting, and the prepared alloy has the characteristics of ultrahigh strength, low density, good plasticity and high temperature resistance, has wide application prospect, and is simple in preparation mode and good in preparation effect.

Description

Two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to a two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-entropy alloy is an alloy formed by combining five or more than five components in approximate equal atomic ratio, breaks through the traditional alloy design framework taking one or two metal elements as main components, and opens up a new field of alloy design. Due to the multi-principal effect (high entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, delayed diffusion effect and cocktail effect), a series of excellent performances are shown, such as outstanding high-temperature strength, good low-temperature plasticity, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance and excellent radiation resistance. With the development of research, the range of the high-entropy alloy is expanded, the components are not limited to five or more, the atomic ratio is gradually deviated from the equal atomic ratio, and the designability of the alloy is greatly improved.
In the field of aeronautics, fuselage materials are the most important structural materials. On the one hand, high strength is required to ensure the stability of the material; on the other hand, there is a need for a low density, improved material that has a structural efficiency that reduces the mass coefficient of the material and improves the carrying capacity of the aircraft. Therefore, the primary performance requirement for aerospace materials is low density and high strength. At present, some structural materials used on airplanes are mainly aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, but the traditional aluminum alloy and titanium alloy mainly use a single main component to limit the improvement of the metal performance of the alloy and limit the freedom degree of the selection of the alloy in composition. In order to design and prepare the light high-strength alloy with higher specific strength and lower density, from the perspective of the light high-entropy alloy, the strength of the alloy is improved and better high-temperature resistance is obtained at the same time by utilizing the delayed diffusion effect and the lattice distortion effect of the high-entropy alloy, so that a more excellent aviation material can be developed.
At present, most of light high-entropy alloys are BCC type single-phase alloys and multi-phase alloys, and compared with the traditional light alloys, most of light high-entropy alloys have higher strength and specific strength, but have poorer plasticity, so that the application range of the light high-entropy alloys is limited. Therefore, the development of the alloy is accompanied by the problem that the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are not compatible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are incompatible.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the double-phase structure is realized by adjusting the content of Al element and TiV element, and the overall configuration entropy, valence electron concentration, atomic radius difference, electronegativity and the like of the alloy are regulated and controlled, so that the light high-entropy alloy with the double-phase structure is obtained. On the other hand, coherent nano precipitated phases are controlled by a heat treatment process, transition elements are doped and the element content is adjusted, coherent precipitated phases are generated in the two phases, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The alloy mainly comprises FCC + BCC phase, the hard phase ensures the high strength of the alloy, and the soft phase provides good plastic deformation capability for the alloy, thereby achieving the combination of high strength and plasticity. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the alloy are further improved by adjusting the element content and generating respective coherent precipitated phases in the FCC and BCC phase matrixes through heat treatment, and as shown in FIG. 1, the invention is a schematic diagram of a two-phase double-coherent heterostructure.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy is characterized by being of an FCC/BCC two-phase double-coherent structure, and the high-entropy alloy is marked as Al according to the atomic ratioa(TiV)bMcNdM is at least one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, N is one or more of Si, C, B and the like; wherein a is more than or equal to 40 and less than or equal to 60, b is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, c and d are not 0 at the same time, and a + b + c + d is 100.
Preferably, the hardness of the light high-entropy alloy with the two-phase double-coherent heterostructure is 400-600HV, and the density is 3.6-4.3g/cm3The high temperature resistance is 600-700 ℃.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the biphase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy, which adopts an induction suspension smelting method to obtain a biphase double-coherent structure through accurately regulating and controlling alloy components and heat treatment.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: batching according to the atomic mole percentage of the designed alloy;
step 2: placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with the high melting point is arranged above the crucible, and the element with the low melting point is arranged below the crucible;
and step 3: vacuumizing until the vacuum degree in the induction suspension smelting furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-3-2×10-3After Pa, filling inert gas, and smelting to obtain a high-entropy alloy block;
and 4, step 4: heat treatment of the alloy: placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing (generally 6X 10)-4Pa), heating to a set temperature, preserving heat for a certain time, and cooling the alloy to obtain the biphase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy.
The heat treatment temperature is preferably 900-1500 ℃; the heat treatment and heat preservation time range is 12-36 hours.
The preferred cooling means for the alloy is air cooling, water cooling or furnace cooling.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the high-entropy alloy mainly comprises Al, Ti, V and M, N elements, and the prepared alloy has the performance advantages of low density, high strength, high plasticity and the like, and has wide application prospect.
(2) According to the invention, a two-phase structure is realized by adjusting the contents of Al element and TiV element, and the overall configuration entropy, valence electron concentration, atomic radius difference, electronegativity and the like of the alloy are regulated and controlled, so that the light high-entropy alloy with the two-phase structure is obtained. On the other hand, by regulating and controlling the doped alloy elements and the heat treatment process, coherent precipitation phases are generated in the two phases, and the light high-entropy alloy block with the two-phase heterostructure is obtained. The alloy mainly comprises FCC + BCC phase, the hard phase ensures the high strength of the alloy, and the soft phase provides good plastic deformation capability for the alloy, thereby achieving the combination of high strength and plasticity. Meanwhile, by adjusting the element content and the heat treatment process, respective coherent precipitation phases are generated in FCC and BCC phase matrixes, and the mechanical property of the alloy is further improved.
(3) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, safe and reliable, and good in preparation effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-phase double coherent heterostructure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the gold phase of the light high-entropy alloy of example 3 after annealing.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, wherein the process is conventional, unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public source, unless otherwise specified.
The two-phase double-coherent heterostructure is mainly realized through the following design thought.
The dual-phase structure is realized by adjusting the contents of the Al element and the TiV element, and the dual coherent precipitated phase is obtained by doping the alloy element and performing heat treatment, and specific examples are shown below.
Example 1: according to Al40(TiV)40Si2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 900 deg.C, holding for 12 hr, cooling to room temperature, making the alloy be FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure, and theoretical density of 4.06g/cm3The hardness is 480HV, and the high temperature resistance is 640 ℃.
Example 2: al (Al)40(TiV)40Si2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 900 deg.C, holding for 12 hr, cooling with air to room temperature to obtain FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent alloyTheoretical density of 4.06g/cm3Hardness 490HV and high-temp resistance 620 deg.C.
Example 3: al (Al)40(TiV)40Si2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; background vacuum 1X 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 900 deg.C, holding for 12 hr, cooling with water to room temperature to obtain FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent alloy with theoretical density of 4.06g/cm3Hardness 500HV and high-temp resistance 610 deg.C. As shown in fig. 2, the alloy has a two-phase structure and contains a nano-scale precipitated phase.
Example 4: al (Al)40(TiV)40Si2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 36 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is of an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and the theoretical density is 4.06g/cm3Hardness of 430HV and high-temperature resistance of 640 ℃.
Application example 5: al (Al)60(TiV)38Cu2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 900 deg.C, holding for 12 hr, cooling with water to room temperature to obtain FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent alloy with theoretical density of 3.72g/cm3Hardness of 450HV and high-temperature resistance of 600 ℃.
Practice ofExample 6: al (Al)60(TiV)38Cu2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 36 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 3.72g/cm3Hardness of 500HV and high-temperature resistance of 600.
Example 7: al (Al)60(TiV)38Cu2Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to heat treatment temperature of 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling with water to room temperature, wherein the alloy is of FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and the theoretical density is 3.72g/cm3Hardness of 500HV and high-temp resistance of 650 deg.C.
Example 8: al (Al)50(TiV)40Cu10Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to heat treatment temperature of 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling with water to room temperature, wherein the alloy is in FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and the theoretical density is 4.17g/cm3Hardness 560HV and high-temp resistance 640 deg.C.
Example 9: al (Al)60(TiV)30Cu5Zn5Of light high-entropy alloysBatching according to atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 3.88g/cm3Hardness 540HV and high-temp resistance 620 deg.C.
Example 10: al (Al)60(TiV)25Cu5Zn10Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 3.97g/cm3Hardness of 530HV and high-temperature resistance of 610 ℃.
Example 11: al (Al)60(TiV)25Cu5Zn5Cr5Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 3.94g/cm3Hardness of 570HV and high-temperature resistance of 660 ℃.
Example 12: al (Al)50(TiV)35Cu5Zn5Cr5Atomic molarity of light high-entropy alloyProportioning according to percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 4.20g/cm3Hardness 590HV and high-temp resistance 700 deg.C.
Example 13: al (Al)60(TiV)30Cu2.5Zn2.5Cr2.5Si2.5Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, under the protection of argon, smelting to prepare a high-entropy alloy block; placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 3.73g/cm3Hardness of 570HV and high-temperature resistance of 670 ℃.
Example 14: al (Al)40(TiV)40Cu5Zn5Cr5Si5Proportioning the light high-entropy alloy according to the atomic mole percentage; placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with high melting point is arranged above the crucible, the element with low melting point is arranged below the crucible, and the background vacuum is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa and argon protection, smelting to obtain a high-entropy alloy block, placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 6 multiplied by 10-4Pa, heating to 1200 ℃ of heat treatment temperature, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature with water, wherein the alloy is in an FCC/BCC biphase double-precipitation coherent structure and has a theoretical density of 4.29g/cm3Hardness of 600HV and high-temperature resistance of 690 ℃.

Claims (5)

1. Double-phase double-coherent light weight and high strengthThe entropy alloy is characterized in that the high-entropy alloy is in an FCC/BCC two-phase double-coherent structure, and the high-entropy alloy is marked as Al according to the atomic ratioa(TiV)bMcNdM is at least one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, N is one or more of Si, C, B and the like; wherein a is more than or equal to 40 and less than or equal to 60, b is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, c and d are not 0 at the same time, and a + b + c + d is 100.
2. The two-phase double-coherent light-weight high-entropy alloy of claim 1, wherein the hardness of the two-phase double-coherent heterostructure light-weight high-entropy alloy is 400-600HV, and the density is 3.6-4.3g/cm3And the high temperature resistance is 600-700 ℃.
3. A method for preparing the two-phase double-coherent light-weight high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: batching according to the atomic mole percentage of the designed alloy;
step 2: placing the prepared raw materials in a crucible according to the melting point, wherein the element with the high melting point is arranged above the crucible, and the element with the low melting point is arranged below the crucible;
and step 3: vacuumizing until the vacuum degree in the induction suspension smelting furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-3-2×10-3After Pa, filling inert gas, and smelting to obtain a high-entropy alloy block;
and 4, step 4: heat treatment of the alloy: and (3) placing the high-entropy alloy block in a high-vacuum tube furnace, vacuumizing and heating to a set temperature, preserving heat for a certain time, and cooling the alloy to obtain the biphase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat treatment temperature in step 4 is 900 ℃ to 1500 ℃; the heat treatment and heat preservation time is 12-36 hours.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the alloy is cooled by air cooling, water cooling or furnace cooling.
CN202110323013.2A 2021-03-26 2021-03-26 Two-phase double-coherent light high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof Pending CN113061794A (en)

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CN113652596A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-16 大连理工大学 Light high-strength refractory high-entropy alloy with high exothermic heat content
CN114058922A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-18 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Light hard CoCrAlSiNi high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN114921705A (en) * 2022-04-22 2022-08-19 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 AlCrSiTi high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof
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CN117902890A (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-04-19 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Spinel-corundum dual-phase high-entropy ceramic powder material and preparation method thereof

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