CN113061017A - Method for manufacturing high-strength refrigeration part porcelain plate and refrigeration part - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-strength refrigeration part porcelain plate and refrigeration part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113061017A CN113061017A CN202110487409.0A CN202110487409A CN113061017A CN 113061017 A CN113061017 A CN 113061017A CN 202110487409 A CN202110487409 A CN 202110487409A CN 113061017 A CN113061017 A CN 113061017A
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UBXWAYGQRZFPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Mn++] UBXWAYGQRZFPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to a manufacturing method of a high-strength refrigerating part porcelain plate and a refrigerating part; the ceramic plate for high-strength refrigerating element is made up of kaolinite (30-50 wt. portions), quartz (20-30), potash feldspar (10-20), albite (10-20), talc (3-5), mica (5-10), alumina (5-10) and zinc oxide (5-10); the method is characterized in that: 5-10 parts of zirconium oxide, 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder; the invention is also made by secondary firing; the refrigeration piece uses the porcelain plate. The porcelain plate has the advantages of high strength and low shrinkage and expansion rate due to temperature change; the refrigerating element has the advantages of good use effect and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, and also relates to the technical field of refrigeration parts.
Background
The refrigerating device comprises two porcelain plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface, the two porcelain plates are an upper porcelain plate on the upper surface and a lower porcelain plate on the lower surface respectively, a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower surface of the upper porcelain plate, and the conducting strips are upper conducting strips; a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower porcelain plate, the conducting strips are lower conducting strips, a plurality of crystal grains are welded between the upper conducting strip and the lower conducting strip, and an upper conducting strip, a lower conducting strip and the crystal grains between the upper conducting strip and the lower conducting strip are temperature changing bodies; the refrigerating element is formed by connecting a plurality of temperature changing bodies in series, and is also provided with an outgoing line which is an electric wire connected with a power supply when in use.
In the prior art, the raw materials used for forming the ceramic plate of the refrigerating element are 30-50 parts of kaolinite, 20-30 parts of quartz, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of albite, 3-5 parts of talc, 5-10 parts of mica, 5-10 parts of alumina and 5-10 parts of zinc oxide, and the ceramic plate is formed by one-time sintering. The ceramic plate formed in this way has the defect of low strength, and the use effect of the refrigeration piece is influenced; in addition, because the refrigeration piece is applied to the environment with temperature change, the porcelain plate in the prior art also has the defect of large change when the temperature changes, namely high expansion rate, and the service life of the refrigeration piece is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and provides a method for manufacturing a porcelain plate with high strength and low temperature change shrinkage and expansion rate and a refrigeration piece, namely a method for manufacturing the porcelain plate of the high-strength refrigeration piece and the refrigeration piece.
The technical scheme of the manufacturing method of the high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate is realized as follows: the ceramic plate for high-strength refrigerating element is made up of kaolinite (30-50 wt. portions), quartz (20-30), potash feldspar (10-20), albite (10-20), talc (3-5), mica (5-10), alumina (5-10) and zinc oxide (5-10); the method is characterized in that: the coating also comprises 5-10 parts of zirconium oxide, 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise 4-6 parts of aluminum powder, 4-6 parts of titanium powder or 1-2 parts of copper powder.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic comprise 40 parts of kaolinite, 25 parts of quartz, 15 parts of potassium, 15 parts of albite, 4 parts of talc, 7 parts of mica, 7 parts of alumina and 7 parts of zinc oxide; the method is characterized in that: it also comprises 7 parts of zirconia, 2 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 3 parts of barium sulfate and 1.5 parts of silver powder.
Preferably, the raw material further contains 5 parts of aluminum powder, 5 parts of titanium powder or 1.5 parts of copper powder.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the porcelain plate of the high-strength refrigerating element further comprises the following two times of firing: the first firing is carried out for 1 to 1.5 hours, the temperature is raised from the room temperature to 950 to 1050 ℃, the temperature is the first high temperature, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3 hours;
then carrying out first cooling, wherein the first cooling is carried out from a first high temperature for 1-1.5 hours to 400-600 ℃, and the temperature of 400-600 ℃ is a first low temperature;
then, carrying out secondary firing, wherein the secondary firing is carried out from the first low temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ from the first low temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and preserving heat for 5-7 hours;
and then carrying out secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling is carried out for cooling to the normal temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and the porcelain plate is prepared.
The refrigeration piece of the invention is: the refrigeration piece comprises a refrigeration piece body, wherein the refrigeration piece body comprises two porcelain plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface, the two porcelain plates are an upper plate on the upper surface and a lower plate on the lower surface respectively, a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower surface of the upper plate, and the conducting strips are upper conducting strips; a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower plate, the conducting strips are lower conducting strips, a plurality of crystal grains are welded between the upper conducting strips and the lower conducting strips, and one upper conducting strip, one lower conducting strip and the crystal grains between the upper conducting strip and the lower conducting strip are temperature changing bodies; the method is characterized in that: the porcelain plate is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the porcelain plate of the high-strength refrigerating element.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for manufacturing the porcelain plate of the high-strength refrigerating element can produce the porcelain plate with high strength and low temperature change shrinkage and expansion rate, and the porcelain plate has the advantage of prolonging the service life when being installed on the refrigerating element.
The refrigerating element has the advantages of good use effect and long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the firing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The method used for sintering the porcelain plate is the following method, which is also the traditional porcelain plate sintering process:
namely: the ceramic slurry is injected into a mould to be molded and dried until the moisture content is less than 3 percent, and the ceramic slurry is sintered for 7 to 9 hours in a kiln at the temperature of 1180 to 1230 ℃ to form a ceramic plate.
The following examples are all based on the above-described production process.
Example A1
The raw materials used were as follows: 30 kg of kaolinite, 20 kg of quartz, 10 kg of potassium feldspar, 10 kg of albite, 3 kg of talc, 5 kg of mica, 5 kg of alumina and 5 kg of zinc oxide.
A series A first porcelain plate is made from the above raw materials, and a series A first cooling-uniforming member is made from such porcelain plate.
Example A2
The raw materials used were as follows: 50 kg of kaolinite, 30 kg of quartz, 20 kg of potassium feldspar, 20 kg of albite, 5 kg of talc, 10 kg of mica, 10 kg of alumina and 10 kg of zinc oxide.
A series A second porcelain plate is made of the above raw materials, and a series A second refrigerating member is made of the porcelain plate.
Example A3
The raw materials used were as follows: 40 kg of kaolinite, 25 kg of quartz, 15 kg of potassium feldspar, 15 kg of albite, 4 kg of talc, 7 kg of mica, 7 kg of aluminum oxide and 7 kg of zinc oxide.
A series A first porcelain plate is made of the above raw materials, and a series A third refrigerating member is made of the porcelain plate.
Example B1
In addition to the above examples A1, A2, and A3, 5-10 kg of zirconia and 1-3 kg of nickelous oxide powder were added to the raw materials.
A B1 series porcelain plate was prepared from the above raw materials, and a B1 series refrigerant was prepared from the porcelain plate.
Example B2
In addition to the above examples A1, A2 and A3, 2 to 4 kg of barium sulfate, 5 to 10 kg of manganese dioxide powder and 1 to 2 kg of silver powder (the silver powder is 100 mesh silver powder) were added to the raw materials.
A B2 series porcelain plate was prepared from the above raw materials, and a B2 series refrigerant was prepared from the porcelain plate.
Example B3
In addition to the above examples A1, A2, and A3, 1 to 3 kg of nickelous oxide powder and 1 to 2 kg of silver powder were added to the raw materials.
A B3 series porcelain plate was prepared from the above raw materials, and a B3 series refrigerant was prepared from the porcelain plate.
Example C
In addition to the above examples A1, A2, A3, 5-10 kg of zirconia, 1-3 kg of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 kg of barium sulfate, 5-10 kg of manganese dioxide powder, and 1-2 kg of silver powder were added to the raw materials.
The ceramic plate of C series is made from the above raw materials, and the ceramic plate is made into a refrigerating element of C series.
The above examples lead to the following conclusions: it follows that the porcelain plates made using the raw materials of the prior art have the disadvantage of not being durable for a long time; on the basis of the prior art, 5-10 parts of zirconia and 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder are independently added, or 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder are independently added, or 1-3 kg of nickelous oxide powder and 1-2 kg of silver powder are independently added, so that the prepared porcelain plate has no great improvement on the service life of a refrigeration piece; the refrigeration piece with longer service life can be produced only by adding 5-10 parts of zirconium oxide, 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder on the basis of the prior art, so that 5-10 parts of zirconium oxide, 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder are inseparable by simultaneously adding the raw materials.
The reason is as follows: when the temperature of the ceramic plate produced in the way changes, the shrinkage and expansion rate is low, namely when the temperature of the ceramic plate rises, the expansion is small, and when the temperature of the ceramic plate falls, the shrinkage is small, and the crystal grains are less influenced; the temperature is 1 ℃ higher or lower, and the length of the porcelain plate with the length of 1 meter is extended or contracted.
Example D
On the basis of the embodiment C, 4-6 parts of aluminum powder (the aluminum powder is 100 meshes) is added into the raw materials to obtain the D-series porcelain plate.
The ceramic plate thus produced also has the advantage of having a higher bearing strength.
The bearing strength of the porcelain plate is tested by taking a certain length (for example, 10 cm), a certain width (for example, 10 cm), a certain thickness (for example, 2 mm) of the porcelain plate, placing the porcelain plate at the two ends of the porcelain plate in a flush manner, pressing the middle of the porcelain plate downwards, and pressing the porcelain plate downwards to break the threshold value of the porcelain plate, wherein the model of the porcelain plate to be tested is the same and the same below.
The above effects are more excellent when 5 parts of aluminum powder is used.
Example E
On the basis of the embodiment C, 4-6 parts of titanium powder (the titanium powder is 100-mesh titanium powder) is added into the raw material to obtain the E-series porcelain plate.
The ceramic plate thus produced also has the advantage of having a higher bearing strength.
The above effects are more excellent when 5 parts of titanium powder is used.
Example F
In addition to the above example C, 1 to 2 parts of copper powder (100 mesh copper powder) was added to the raw material to obtain an F-series porcelain plate.
The ceramic plate thus produced also has the advantage of having a higher bearing strength.
The above-mentioned effects are more excellent when 1.5 parts of copper powder is used.
Example G
On the basis of the above example C, 4 to 5 parts of aluminum powder, titanium powder and copper powder (all of which are 100 mesh) were added to the raw materials to obtain a G-series porcelain plate.
It was found that the porcelain plate made of such porcelain plate also has the advantage of higher bearing strength.
Example H
The above examples were repeated to produce porcelain plates according to the following review procedure:
the manufacturing method of the high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate also comprises the following steps of twice firing: as shown in FIG. 1, the first firing is carried out for 1 to 1.5 hours from room temperature to 950 to 1050 ℃ and 950 to 1050 ℃ is the first high temperature, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3 hours;
then carrying out first cooling, wherein the first cooling is carried out from a first high temperature for 1-1.5 hours to 400-600 ℃, and the temperature of 400-600 ℃ is a first low temperature;
then, carrying out secondary firing, wherein the secondary firing is carried out from the first low temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ from the first low temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and preserving heat for 5-7 hours;
and then carrying out secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling is carried out for cooling to the normal temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and the porcelain plate is prepared.
The obtained porcelain plate has stronger bearing capacity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make many changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The ceramic plate for high-strength refrigerating element is made up of kaolinite (30-50 wt. portions), quartz (20-30), potash feldspar (10-20), albite (10-20), talc (3-5), mica (5-10), alumina (5-10) and zinc oxide (5-10); the method is characterized in that: the coating also comprises 5-10 parts of zirconium oxide, 1-3 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of manganese dioxide powder and 1-2 parts of silver powder.
2. The method for manufacturing a high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials also comprise 4-6 parts of aluminum powder, 4-6 parts of titanium powder or 1-2 parts of copper powder.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ceramic comprises the following raw materials of 40 parts of kaolinite, 25 parts of quartz, 15 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of albite, 4 parts of talc, 7 parts of mica, 7 parts of aluminum oxide and 7 parts of zinc oxide; it also comprises 7 parts of zirconia, 2 parts of nickelous oxide powder, 1.5 parts of barium sulfate, 7 parts of manganese dioxide titanium powder and 1.5 parts of silver powder.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials also comprise 5 parts of aluminum powder, 5 parts of titanium powder or 1.5 parts of copper powder.
5. The method for manufacturing a high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the raw materials also comprise 4-5 parts of aluminum powder, titanium powder and copper powder.
6. The method for manufacturing a high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the manufacturing method of the high-strength refrigeration porcelain plate also comprises the following steps of twice firing: the first firing is carried out for 1 to 1.5 hours, the temperature is raised from the room temperature to 950 to 1050 ℃, the temperature is the first high temperature, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3 hours;
then carrying out first cooling, wherein the first cooling is carried out from a first high temperature for 1-1.5 hours to 400-600 ℃, and the temperature of 400-600 ℃ is a first low temperature;
then, carrying out secondary firing, wherein the secondary firing is carried out from the first low temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ from the first low temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and preserving heat for 5-7 hours;
and then carrying out secondary cooling, wherein the secondary cooling is carried out for cooling to the normal temperature within 1-1.5 hours, and the porcelain plate is prepared.
7. The refrigeration piece comprises a refrigeration piece body, wherein the refrigeration piece body comprises two porcelain plates positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface, the two porcelain plates are an upper plate on the upper surface and a lower plate on the lower surface respectively, a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower surface of the upper plate, and the conducting strips are upper conducting strips; a plurality of conducting strips are welded on the lower plate, the conducting strips are lower conducting strips, a plurality of crystal grains are welded between the upper conducting strips and the lower conducting strips, and one upper conducting strip, one lower conducting strip and the crystal grains between the upper conducting strip and the lower conducting strip are temperature changing bodies; the method is characterized in that: the porcelain plate is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the porcelain plate of the high-strength refrigeration part in any one of the claims 1 to 6.
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| FR1452185A (en) * | 1965-07-26 | 1966-02-25 | Armrock Products Inc | Method and device for the manufacture of molded ceramic articles, glazed or unglazed |
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