CN113059315A - Method for improving bearing clearance precision of thermal assembly - Google Patents
Method for improving bearing clearance precision of thermal assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059315A CN113059315A CN202110310601.2A CN202110310601A CN113059315A CN 113059315 A CN113059315 A CN 113059315A CN 202110310601 A CN202110310601 A CN 202110310601A CN 113059315 A CN113059315 A CN 113059315A
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of bearing installation, and relates to a method for improving clearance precision of a hot assembly counter bearing. The method comprises the following steps of hot-mounting a first bearing on a shaft, mounting a pressing tool for the first time, and applying pressing acting force to the first bearing through the pressing tool; locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing to ensure that the bottom of the first bearing is in interference fit with the shaft; then cooling the upper part of the first bearing; after the first bearing is cooled to normal temperature, sleeving the first bearing into the spacer ring; the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool is mounted for the second time, and pressing acting force is applied to the second bearing through the pressing tool; locally cooling the bottom of the second bearing to ensure that the bottom of the second bearing is in interference fit with the shaft; the upper portion of the second bearing is then cooled. The bottom of the first bearing or the bottom of the second bearing is preferentially cooled to realize interference fit with the shaft, the energy of cold contraction of other parts can be resisted, the pressing acting force generates a second layer to resist, the directional bottom contraction is realized, and the problem of large error of measurement data before and after the bearing is hot-assembled is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of bearing installation, in particular to a method for improving clearance precision of a hot assembly counter bearing.
Background
The paired single-row tapered roller bearings are generally applied to bearing higher radial load and bidirectional axial load, or a shaft system needs to be axially positioned in two directions, and needs to reach a given pre-tightening or clearance working condition, and the general pairing mode comprises three configurations of face-to-face, back-to-back, series connection and the like.
The paired bearings have fixed original axial play, and theoretically, a user on site can directly install and use the paired bearings without adjusting a spacer ring, so that the installation procedure is simplified, and meanwhile, installation errors can be greatly avoided, and the paired bearings are particularly widely applied to large-scale variable-speed motor equipment.
However, in actual use, a field operator would inspect the paired single row tapered roller bearings before installation in order to further control the accuracy of critical nodes for installation of the apparatus. Because the clearance of the paired single-row tapered roller bearings is a key point which directly influences the service life of the bearings, an operator can check and measure the clearance of the paired single-row tapered roller bearings again by combining the technical requirements and different working conditions of the field and the conditions of spare parts of the bearings. For a paired single row tapered roller bearing with a small value of the allowable gap interval range, for example: the range value is between 0.15 mm and 0.30mm, and when checking, measuring and finishing, a field operator adds the expansion amount of the paired single-row tapered roller bearing after being heated and thermally mounted on a shaft into measurement data through calculation, so that the mounting precision is further ensured.
In the case where all the measured data of the paired single-row tapered roller bearings are within the specification range, the operator will thermally mount the paired single-row tapered roller bearings on the shaft. However, after the single-row tapered roller bearings to be paired are naturally cooled, re-measurement is performed, and it is often found that the measured data after hot mounting has a large deviation from the measured data before installation, when the measured data after checking exceeds the technical range, the spacer ring needs to be re-processed for the measured data, if the single-row tapered roller bearings are installed face to face or in the bearing, re-correction of the data must involve bearing disassembly and assembly, which greatly results in damage or rejection of the bearings during operation, if the single-row tapered roller bearings are installed back to back, the spacer ring needs to be taken out after the outer rings of the bearings are taken out for correction, if the deviation is large, the spacer ring needs to be re-processed, after the single-row tapered roller bearings are corrected and installed again, the measured value has a deviation with the measured value after actual installation, and the preset data can hardly be reached, multiple corrections are required.
The existing method has accurate measurement precision, but has more repeated correction times after installation and low work efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a method for improving the precision of a clearance between a hot assembly pair bearing, and aims to solve the problems that the existing measurement data of the bearing after the hot assembly has larger deviation with the measurement data before the assembly and needs to be corrected for many times.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of improving the accuracy of a clearance gap in a hot-assembled counter-bearing comprising a first bearing, a spacer ring, and a second bearing; the method comprises the following steps:
determining the installation position of a press tool on a shaft;
the method comprises the following steps of hot-mounting a first bearing on a shaft, mounting a pressing tool for the first time, mounting the pressing tool at a mounting position, and applying pressing acting force to the first bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing to ensure that the bottom of the first bearing is in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; then cooling the upper part of the first bearing;
after the first bearing is cooled to normal temperature, taking down the pressing tool, and sleeving a spacer ring on the shaft;
the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool is mounted for the second time, the pressing tool is mounted at the mounting position, and pressing acting force is applied to the second bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the second bearing to enable the bottom of the second bearing to be in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; the upper portion of the second bearing is then cooled.
In other embodiments of the present application, the pressing tool includes: the device comprises a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate, a connecting rod and a pressing piece; the connecting rod is connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate; the pressing piece is used for penetrating through the first pressing plate and connecting to the shaft;
the step of applying a depressing force to the first bearing or the second bearing comprises:
sleeving a second pressure plate on the shaft, and pressing the second pressure plate on the top surface of the first bearing or the second bearing;
mounting a first platen at least 1mm above the top of the shaft;
and applying a pressing force to the first bearing or the second bearing through the fastening pressing piece.
In other embodiments of the present application, the step of determining the mounting position of the press tool on the shaft includes:
measuring a first thickness of the first bearing and a first length from the top of a mounting position of the first bearing to a shaft top;
determining a first installation position of the second pressing plate on the shaft according to the first thickness so that the second pressing plate is pressed on the bearing in a pressing or interference pressing mode; determining a first mounting position of the first pressure plate on the shaft according to the first length so that the first pressure plate is at least 1mm higher than the top of the shaft;
measuring a total second thickness of the spacer ring and the second bearing; measuring a second length from the top of the mounting position of the spacer ring and the second bearing to the top of the shaft;
determining a second installation position of the second pressure plate on the shaft according to the second thickness so that the second pressure plate is pressed on the bearing in a pressing or interference pressing mode; and determining a second mounting position of the first pressure plate on the shaft according to the second length, so that the first pressure plate is at least 1mm higher than the top of the shaft.
In other embodiments of the present application, the first pressing plate is provided with a through hole;
the second pressing plate is provided with a screw thread hole;
the connecting rod is assembled in the through hole and the thread hole in a threaded manner;
the connecting rod is provided with an adjusting piece, and the adjusting piece is used for adjusting the distance between the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate;
the step of determining the first mounting location or the second mounting location comprises:
through adjusting the regulating part, adjust the distance between first clamp plate and the second clamp plate to make second clamp plate pressfitting or interference pressfitting on first bearing or second bearing, and first clamp plate is higher than the top of axle 1mm at least.
In other embodiments of the present application, the at least two connecting rods are uniformly distributed with respect to the shaft axis.
In other embodiments of the present application, the shaft is provided with a hoisting hole or a connection hole;
the first pressing plate is provided with a pressing hole; the pressing hole is opposite to the hoisting hole or the connecting hole;
the step of applying a depressing force to the first bearing or the second bearing by tightening the depressing member includes:
connecting the pressing piece in the hoisting hole and the pressing hole; or the pressing piece is connected in the connecting hole and the pressing hole, so that the second pressing plate exerts pressing force on the first bearing or the second bearing.
In other embodiments of the present application, the connection hole includes a plurality of connection holes; the first pressing plate is provided with a plurality of pressing holes; the plurality of pressing holes and the plurality of connecting holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the pressing piece comprises at least two pressing pieces; the at least two pressing members are uniformly arranged relative to the shaft axis.
In another embodiment of the present application, the step of shrink-fitting includes:
installing a first bearing or a second bearing heated to 80-100 ℃ on a shaft.
In other embodiments of the present application, when the pressing force is applied to the first bearing or the second bearing, the first pressure plate is knocked, so that the vibration of the first pressure plate is transmitted to the second pressure plate through the connecting rod.
In other embodiments of the present application, the thickness of each of the second pressing plate and the first pressing plate is at least equal to or greater than 12 mm; optionally, the shape of the second pressing plate and the first pressing plate is selected to be circular; optionally, the second platen and the first platen are both made of a thermally conductive material.
The method for improving the bearing clearance precision of the thermal assembly has the advantages that:
after the first bearing or the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, a pressing-down acting force is applied to the first bearing or the second bearing through a pressing-down tool, then the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is locally cooled, at the moment, the first bearing or the second bearing is fast in cooling speed and fast in shrinkage, and the first bearing or the second bearing is in an interference fit state, the upper portion of the first bearing or the second bearing is still in a thermal expansion state, in the process of locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing, the pressing-down acting force is applied by the pressing-down tool, so that the size of upward cold shrinkage of the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is continuously pressed down, the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is firstly in interference fit with a transmission shaft, and meanwhile, single-side fixing. Then cooling the upper part of the first bearing or the second bearing, wherein the thermal expansion of the first bearing or the second bearing is shrunk in the cooling process of the upper part of the first bearing or the second bearing, the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is preferentially cooled to realize interference fit with the shaft, the energy of cold contraction of other parts of a part of the first bearing or the second bearing can be resisted, meanwhile, the pressing tool is pressed down to apply pressing acting force to the first bearing or the second bearing to generate resistance of the second layer to the cold shrinkage energy of the first bearing or the second bearing, thereby realizing the guidance of cold contraction for the first bearing or the second bearing, leading the oriented bottom to shrink when the first bearing or the second bearing is hot-assembled, therefore, the problems that when the bearing is directly cooled in the conventional technology, the shrinkage direction of the bearing is uncertain, the measured data after hot mounting has larger deviation with the measured data before mounting, and the measured data needs to be corrected for many times are solved. By adopting the method, the matched bearings can be hot assembled at one time, and the gap precision of the matched bearings is ensured, so that the matched bearings meet the technical requirements and the installation efficiency is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the installation process using a pressing tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which only a first bearing is installed, and a first pressing plate is connected in a connecting hole of a shaft;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation by using a pressing tool according to the embodiment of the present application, in which a first bearing, a spacer ring, and a second bearing are installed; the first pressure plate is connected in the connecting hole of the shaft;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pressing plate of the pressing tool provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second pressing plate of the pressing tool provided by the embodiment of the application;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation by using a pressing tool according to the embodiment of the present application, in which only the first bearing is installed, and the first pressing plate is connected in a hoisting hole of the shaft.
Icon: 10-axis; 11-a first bearing; 12-a second bearing; 13-spacer ring; 14-a top surface; 15-hoisting holes; 16-connecting holes; 100-pressing down the tool; 110-a first platen; 111-a via; 120-a second platen; 121-thread hole; 130-a connecting rod; 131-an adjustment member; 140-a hold down; 141-pressing down the hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the application usually place when in use, or the orientations or positional relationships that the skilled person usually understands, are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Before the matched bearing is installed, a field operator firstly checks and measures to obtain the clearance data between the matched bearing and the spacer ring. The method of checking the measurement is carried out using conventional procedures in the art.
Then, the expansion amount of the heated bearing is calculated: (the amount of expansion of the inner ring when the bearing is heated is calculated by0(t1-t0), wherein Δ d is the diameter expansion of the bearing or workpiece in mm, a is the coefficient of expansion of the bearing wire, and d is0Is the initial diameter of the bearing or workpiece, t1Temperature after heating of the bearing, t0The initial temperature of the bearing).
And adding the heated expansion amount of the bearing into the gap data obtained by checking and measuring, and performing thermal assembly on the bearing.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for improving the clearance precision of a hot assembly counter bearing, and the method does not need to carry out correction for many times, can finish hot assembly of the counter bearing at one time, ensures the clearance precision of the counter bearing and enables the clearance precision of the counter bearing to meet the technical requirements.
Further, the counter bearing comprises a first bearing, a spacer ring and a second bearing.
The method for improving the clearance precision of the thermal assembly pair bearing comprises the following steps:
determining the installation position of a press tool on a shaft;
the method comprises the following steps of hot-mounting a first bearing on a shaft, mounting a pressing tool for the first time, mounting the pressing tool at a mounting position, and applying pressing acting force to the first bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing to ensure that the bottom of the first bearing is in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; then cooling the upper part of the first bearing;
after the first bearing is cooled to normal temperature, taking down the pressing tool, and sleeving a spacer ring on the shaft;
the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool is mounted for the second time, the pressing tool is mounted at the mounting position, and pressing acting force is applied to the second bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the second bearing to enable the bottom of the second bearing to be in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; the upper portion of the second bearing is then cooled.
After the first bearing or the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, a pressing-down acting force is applied to the first bearing or the second bearing through a pressing-down tool, then the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is locally cooled, at the moment, the first bearing or the second bearing is fast in cooling speed and fast in shrinkage, and the first bearing or the second bearing is in an interference fit state, the upper portion of the first bearing or the second bearing is still in a thermal expansion state, in the process of locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing, the pressing-down acting force is applied by the pressing-down tool, so that the size of upward cold shrinkage of the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is continuously pressed down, the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is firstly in interference fit with a transmission shaft, and meanwhile, single-side fixing. Then cooling the upper part of the first bearing or the second bearing, wherein the thermal expansion of the first bearing or the second bearing is shrunk in the cooling process of the upper part of the first bearing or the second bearing, the bottom of the first bearing or the second bearing is preferentially cooled to realize interference fit with the shaft, the energy of cold contraction of other parts of a part of the first bearing or the second bearing can be resisted, meanwhile, the pressing tool is pressed down to apply pressing acting force to the first bearing or the second bearing to generate resistance of the second layer to the cold shrinkage energy of the first bearing or the second bearing, thereby realizing the guidance of cold contraction for the first bearing or the second bearing, leading the oriented bottom to shrink when the first bearing or the second bearing is hot-assembled, therefore, the problems that when the bearing is directly cooled in the conventional technology, the shrinkage direction of the bearing is uncertain, the measured data after hot mounting has larger deviation with the measured data before mounting, and the measured data needs to be corrected for many times are solved.
It should be noted that the method is particularly suitable for a paired single row tapered roller bearing.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, further, in some embodiments of the present application, the pressing tool 100 includes: a first presser plate 110, a second presser plate 120, a connecting rod 130, and a hold-down member 140. Further, the connection rod 130 is connected to the first and second pressing plates 110 and 120; the pressing member 140 is used to be coupled to the shaft 10 through the first pressing plate 110.
Further, the step of applying a pressing force to the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12 includes:
sleeving the second pressing plate 120 on the shaft 10, so that the second pressing plate 120 is pressed on the top surface 14 of the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12;
mounting the first platen 110 at least 1mm above the top of the shaft 10;
a pressing force is applied to the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12 by fastening the pressing member 140.
Further, the first pressing plate 110 is provided with a through hole 111; the second pressing plate 120 is provided with a thread hole 121; the connecting rod 130 is screw-fitted in the through hole 111 and the thread hole 121; the connecting rod 130 is provided with an adjusting member 131, and the adjusting member 131 is used for adjusting the distance between the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120.
Further, the first presser plate 110 is provided with a plurality of through holes 111. Further optionally, the plurality of through holes 111 are evenly distributed on the first pressing plate 110. Further, a plurality of screw holes 121 are correspondingly formed in the second pressing plate 120, and the plurality of screw holes 121 and the plurality of through holes 111 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
The plurality of through holes 111 are formed in the first pressing plate 110, and the plurality of thread holes 121 are formed in the second pressing plate 120, so that the plurality of connecting rods 130 can be connected to the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120, thereby improving the stability of connection between the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120.
In the illustrated embodiment, three through holes 111 are provided in the first presser plate 110. Three through holes 111 are uniformly distributed on the first pressing plate 110; three screw thread holes 121 are formed in the second pressing plate 120, and the three screw thread holes 121 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the three through holes 111. Further, the three through holes 111 and the three thread holes 121 are all arranged at the edge close to the first pressing plate 110 or the second pressing plate 120, and the three through holes 111 are encircled for one circle; three thread holes 121 are formed around one turn.
Further, the screw holes 121 on the second pressing plate 120 are arranged, so that the connecting rod 130 is connected with the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 in a threaded manner, and the distance between the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 can be conveniently and reliably adjusted.
Further, the connecting rods 130 include at least two, and the at least two connecting rods 130 are uniformly distributed with respect to the shaft axis.
By arranging at least two connecting rods 130 and uniformly distributing the at least two connecting rods 130 relative to the axis, the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 can be uniformly stressed.
In the illustrated embodiment, three connecting rods 130 are provided and are distributed in the through hole 111 of the first pressing plate 110 and the thread hole 121 of the second pressing plate 120.
Further, the shaft 10 is provided with a hanging hole 15 or a connecting hole 16.
The first pressing plate 110 is provided with a pressing hole 141; the pressing hole 141 is opposite to the hoisting hole 15 or the connecting hole 16; the pressing piece 140 is connected in the hoisting hole 15 and the pressing hole 141; or the pressing member 140 is coupled in the coupling hole 16 and the pressing hole 141.
The first pressing plate 110 can be connected with the shaft 10 by the pressing-down member 140 to fix the first pressing plate 110, and the second pressing plate 120 can be connected with the first pressing plate 110 by the connecting rod 130, so that the pressing-down force can be transmitted to the second pressing plate 120 by fastening the pressing-down member 140, and the second pressing plate 120 is pressed on the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12, and the second pressing plate 120 can apply the pressing-down force to the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12.
It should be noted that shafts commonly used in the art, particularly transmission shafts used in large-sized transmission equipment, are provided with lifting holes 15 or connecting holes 16.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the pressing tool 100 is applied to a shaft provided with a lifting hole 15, and the pressing hole 141 is connected to the lifting hole 15. The hoisting hole 15 is generally provided in the center (end face) of the shaft 10. The lifting hole 15 is usually provided with one. For such a shaft 10, the above-mentioned pressing member 140 is selected as a screw to be installed in the lifting hole 15 to couple the first pressing plate 110 with the shaft 10.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the pressing tool 100 is applied to a shaft provided with a coupling hole 16, and the pressing hole 141 is coupled to the coupling hole 16. The connection hole 16 is generally provided in plural. The plurality of coupling holes 16 are circularly wound, and the plurality of coupling holes 16 are provided at an inner circle with respect to the through hole 111. For such a shaft, the above-mentioned pressing member 140 is selected as a screw, and the pressing member 140 is installed in the coupling hole 16 to couple the first presser plate 110 with the shaft 10.
Further, the first pressing plate 110 is provided with a plurality of pressing holes 141; the plurality of pressing holes 141 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of connection holes 16; the pressing member 140 includes at least two; at least two hold-down members 140 are uniformly arranged with respect to the shaft axis.
In the illustrated embodiment, referring to fig. 3, eight connection holes 16 are provided, eight connection holes 16 are formed to surround one circle and are uniformly distributed with respect to the axis, and pressing members 140 are provided among four connection holes 16 having equal intervals among the eight connection holes 16 and are connected to corresponding pressing holes 141 of the first pressing plate 110, thereby connecting the first pressing plate 110 and the shaft 10 together.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, the number of the pressing members 140 may be set to other numbers, for example, all the pressing members 140 may be set in each of the connection holes 16.
Compared with the connection mode with the hoisting hole 15, at least two pressing pieces 140 are arranged in the connecting hole 16 to connect the first pressing plate 110 and the shaft 10 together, so that the stress of the shaft 10 is more uniform, but the installation speed is slower. And the connection through the hoisting hole 15 has better control effect, but the stress is concentrated, in this case, the thickness of the first pressing plate 110 can be properly increased. In practical application, the selection can be performed according to practical situations.
Further, in other optional embodiments of the present application, for a shaft provided with a hoisting hole 15 and a plurality of connecting holes 16 at the same time, not only any one of the foregoing connection manners may be selected, but also the hoisting hole 15 and the connecting hole 16 may be selected to be used for connection at the same time.
Further, the thickness of each of the second pressing plate 120 and the first pressing plate 110 is at least 12mm or more.
It should be noted that, the first pressing plate 110 can be increased in thickness due to concentrated stress when connected by way of the hoisting holes 15. Optionally, the thickness of the first pressing plate 110 is increased by 1-3 mm relative to the thickness of the second pressing plate 120. For example, when the thickness of the second pressing plate 120 is 12mm, the thickness of the first pressing plate 110 is in the range of 13-15 mm.
Further, the shape of the second pressing plate 120 and the first pressing plate 110 is selected to be circular; by selecting the shape of the second presser plate 120 and the first presser plate 110 as described above to be circular, it is possible to better match the shaft 10, and thereby to better apply the pressing-down force to the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12 thermally mounted on the shaft 10.
Further, the materials of the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 are both selected from heat conducting materials.
The material of the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 is selected to be a heat conducting material, so that the upper portion of the first bearing 11 or the upper portion of the second bearing 12 can be directionally and quickly contracted when the bearing is hot-assembled by matching with measures such as cooling and the like.
Further optionally, the first pressing plate 110 and the second pressing plate 120 are made of metal materials, the metal materials have high strength and bearing capacity, and are good thermal conductors, so that when the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12 is subjected to hot-mounting, heat can be conducted well, and therefore the upper portion of the first bearing 11 or the upper portion of the second bearing 12 can be directionally and quickly shrunk when the first bearing 11 or the second bearing 12 is subjected to hot-mounting by better matching with measures such as cooling and the like.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the step of determining the installation position of the pressing tool 100 on the shaft 10 includes:
measuring a first thickness of the first bearing 11 and a first length from the top of a mounting position of the first bearing 11 to a shaft top;
according to the first thickness, determining a first installation position of the second pressing plate 120 on the shaft, so that the second pressing plate 120 is pressed on the first bearing 11 in a pressing or interference pressing mode; determining a first mounting position of the first presser plate 110 on the shaft 10 based on the first length such that the first presser plate 110 is at least 1mm higher than the top of the shaft 10;
measuring the total second thickness of the spacer ring 13 and the second bearing 12; measuring a second length from the top of the mounting position of the spacer ring 13 and the second bearing 12 to the top of the shaft;
determining a second installation position of the second pressing plate 120 on the shaft 10 according to the second thickness, so that the second pressing plate 120 is pressed on or pressed on the second bearing 12 in an interference fit manner; based on the second length, a second mounting position of the first platen 110 on the shaft 10 is determined such that the first platen 110 is at least 1mm above the top of the shaft.
Further, after the mounting position of the pressing tool 100 on the shaft 10 is determined, the first bearing 11 is thermally mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool 100 is mounted for the first time, and the pressing tool 100 is mounted at the mounting position determined for the first time in the foregoing step. Even if the second pressing plate 120 of the pressing tool 100 is pressed on the first bearing 11 in a pressing or interference pressing manner; the first press plate 110 is raised at least 1mm above the top of the shaft 10. Further optionally, the first pressure plate 110 is between 1-5 mm above the top of the shaft 10. Then, a pressing force is applied to the first bearing 11 by pressing down the tool 100.
Further, the step of shrink-fitting comprises: a first bearing 11 heated to 80 to 100 ℃ is mounted on a shaft 10. Further optionally, the first bearing 11 is heated using a bearing heater.
Heating first bearing 11 to 80 ~ 100 ℃, can realize first bearing 11 because of thermal expansion, also can prevent that first bearing 11 from leading to bearing steel annealing because of overheated, lead to the decline of 11 life of first bearing, the temperature after getting into the axle to 11 installation of first bearing simultaneously does benefit to control more, select lower heating temperature (be not more than 100, 80 ~ 100 ℃) and do benefit to the directional cold-shrink process of follow-up cooling control first bearing 11, the high temperature (be higher than 100 ℃), can't control directional cold-shrink process through cooling means such as forced air cooling.
Further, the bottom of the first bearing 11 is locally cooled, so that the bottom of the first bearing 11 is in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; the upper part of the first bearing 11 is then cooled. Further optionally, both the local cooling and the cooling may be achieved by air cooling or liquid cooling.
The bottom of the first bearing 11 is locally cooled to form single-side fixation of the bearing; then cool off first bearing 11 upper portion, in the cooling process of first bearing 11 upper portion, the thermal expansion volume shrink of first bearing 11, the direction of giving first bearing 11 shrinkage is realized, through cooling fixed first bearing 11 bottom is unilateral to first bearing 11 bottom part local earlier, reuse cooling air cools off first bearing 11 upper portion again, first bearing 11 receives cold and contracts towards the bottom, thereby orientation when having realized first bearing 11 hot-packing is to the bottom shrink, first bearing 11 direct cooling has been avoided, the shrink direction is indefinite, lead to with the too big problem of measuring data error before the hot-packing.
Further, the upper portion of the first bearing 11 and the bottom portion of the first bearing 11 are divided into a middle point of the height of the first bearing 11.
Further, after the first bearing 11 is cooled to normal temperature, the pressing tool 100 is taken down, and the spacer ring 13 is sleeved on the shaft 10.
The normal temperature is in the range of 0 to 45 ℃.
Further, after the first bearing 11 is cooled to normal temperature, the spacer ring 13 is sleeved, so that heat of the first bearing 11 can be prevented from being transferred to the spacer ring 13, and the spacer ring 13 is prevented from thermal expansion. If it is necessary to improve the work efficiency, the work efficiency can be improved by accelerated cooling using compressed air or a fan on the site.
Further, the second bearing 12 is hot-fitted on the shaft 10, the push-down jig 100 is installed a second time, and the push-down jig 100 is installed at the installation position determined a second time in the previous step. Even if the second pressing plate 120 of the pressing tool 100 is pressed on the second bearing 12 in a pressing or interference pressing manner; the first press plate 110 is raised at least 1mm above the top of the shaft 10. Further optionally, the first pressure plate 110 is between 1-5 mm above the top of the shaft 10. Then, a pressing force is applied to the second bearing 12 by pressing down the tool 100.
Further, the step of shrink-fitting comprises: a second bearing 12 heated to 80 to 100 ℃ is mounted on a shaft 10. Further optionally, the second bearing 12 is heated using a bearing heater.
Heating the second bearing 12 to 80-100 ℃, can realize the second bearing 12 because of thermal expansion, also can prevent that the second bearing 12 from leading to bearing steel annealing because of overheated, lead to the decline of 12 life of second bearing, the temperature after getting into the axle to the installation of second bearing 12 does benefit to control more simultaneously, select lower heating temperature (be not more than 100, 80-100 ℃) and do benefit to follow-up cooling control second bearing 12 directional shrinkage process, the high temperature (be higher than 100 ℃), can't control directional shrinkage process through cooling means such as forced air cooling.
Further, the bottom of the second bearing 12 is locally cooled, so that the bottom of the second bearing 12 is in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; the upper portion of the second bearing 12 is then cooled. Further optionally, both the local cooling and the cooling may be achieved by air cooling or liquid cooling.
The bottom of the second bearing 12 is locally cooled to form single-side fixation of the bearing; then cool off second bearing 12 upper portion, 12 upper portions of second bearing cooling in-process, the thermal expansion volume shrink of second bearing 12, the direction of giving second bearing 12 shrinkage is realized, through earlier on 12 bottoms of second bearing local cooling fixed second bearing 12 bottoms unilateral, reuse cooling air cools off second bearing 12 upper portion, second bearing 12 receives cold and contracts towards the bottom, thereby orientation when having realized second bearing 12 hot packing contracts to the bottom, second bearing 12 direct cooling has been avoided, the contraction direction is indefinite, lead to with the too big problem of measuring data error before the hot packing.
Further, the upper portion of the second bearing 12 and the bottom portion of the second bearing 12 are divided into the middle point of the height of the first bearing 11.
Further alternatively, after the second bearing 12 is cooled to normal temperature, the pressing tool 100 is removed. The normal temperature is in the range of 0 to 45 ℃.
In other alternative embodiments of the present application, the method of the present application may also be used for shrink-fitting if only a single bearing is installed.
In other optional embodiments of the present application, if the two ends of the bearing are not flat and the protection bracket protrudes beyond the outer ring of the bearing, a spacer ring may be added to avoid the protection bracket of the bearing, and the spacer ring is in contact with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing by increasing the height, and the other end of the spacer ring is in contact with the first pressing plate or the second pressing plate, so as to transmit the pressing force by the spacer ring.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of improving the accuracy of a thermal assembly counter-bearing gap, wherein the counter-bearing comprises a first bearing, a spacer ring and a second bearing; the method comprises the following steps:
determining the installation position of a press tool on a shaft;
the first bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool is mounted for the first time, the pressing tool is mounted at the mounting position, and pressing acting force is applied to the first bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the first bearing to enable the bottom of the first bearing to be in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; then cooling the upper part of the first bearing;
after the first bearing is cooled to normal temperature, taking down the pressing tool, and sleeving a spacer ring on the shaft;
the second bearing is hot-mounted on the shaft, the pressing tool is mounted for the second time, the pressing tool is mounted at the mounting position, and pressing acting force is applied to the second bearing through the pressing tool;
locally cooling the bottom of the second bearing to enable the bottom of the second bearing to be in interference fit with the shaft to form single-side fixation; the upper portion of the second bearing is then cooled.
2. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 1,
the frock of pushing down includes: the device comprises a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate, a connecting rod and a pressing piece; the connecting rod is connected to the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate; the pressing piece is used for penetrating through the first pressing plate and connecting to the shaft;
the step of applying the pressing force to the first bearing or the second bearing includes:
sleeving the second pressing plate on the shaft, and pressing the second pressing plate on the top surface of the first bearing or the second bearing;
mounting the first platen at least 1mm above the top of the shaft;
the pressing-down force is applied to the first bearing or the second bearing by tightening the pressing-down member.
3. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 2,
the step of determining the mounting location of the press tool on the shaft comprises:
measuring a first thickness of the first bearing and a first length from the top of a mounting position of the first bearing to a shaft top;
determining a first installation position of the second pressing plate on the shaft according to the first thickness so that the second pressing plate is pressed on the first bearing in a pressing or interference pressing mode; determining a first mounting position of the first platen on the shaft based on the first length such that the first platen is at least 1mm above a top of the shaft;
measuring a total second thickness of the spacer ring and the second bearing; measuring a second length from the top of the mounting location of the spacer ring and the second bearing to the top of the shaft;
determining a second installation position of the second pressure plate on the shaft according to the second thickness so that the second pressure plate is pressed on the second bearing in a pressing or interference fit mode; and determining a second installation position of the first pressure plate on the shaft according to the second length, so that the first pressure plate is at least 1mm higher than the top of the shaft.
4. The method of improving thermal assembly to bearing gap accuracy of claim 3,
the first pressing plate is provided with a through hole;
the second pressing plate is provided with a thread hole;
the connecting rod is assembled in the through hole and the thread hole in a threaded manner;
the connecting rod is provided with an adjusting piece, and the adjusting piece is used for adjusting the distance between the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate;
the step of determining the first mounting location or the second mounting location comprises:
and adjusting the distance between the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate by adjusting the adjusting piece so that the second pressing plate is pressed on the first bearing or the second bearing in a pressing or interference pressing mode, and the first pressing plate is higher than the top of the shaft by at least 1 mm.
5. The method of improving thermal assembly to bearing gap accuracy of claim 4,
the connecting rods comprise at least two, and relative to the axis, the at least two connecting rods are uniformly distributed.
6. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 2,
the shaft is provided with a hoisting hole or a connecting hole;
the first pressing plate is provided with a pressing hole; the pressing hole is opposite to the hoisting hole or the connecting hole;
the step of applying the depressing force to the first bearing or the second bearing by tightening the depressing member includes:
connecting the pressing piece into the hoisting hole and the pressing hole; or the pressing piece is connected in the connecting hole and the pressing hole, so that the second pressing plate exerts the pressing acting force on the first bearing or the second bearing.
7. The method of improving thermal assembly to bearing gap accuracy of claim 6,
the connecting hole comprises a plurality of connecting holes; the first pressing plate is provided with a plurality of pressing holes; the plurality of pressing holes and the plurality of connecting holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the pressing piece comprises at least two pressing pieces; at least two of the pressing members are arranged uniformly with respect to the shaft axis.
8. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 1,
the step of shrink fitting comprises:
and installing the first bearing or the second bearing heated to 80-100 ℃ on the shaft.
9. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 2,
when a pressing action force is applied to the first bearing or the second bearing, the first pressure plate is knocked, so that the vibration of the first pressure plate is transmitted to the second pressure plate through the connecting rod.
10. The method of improving thermal assembly-to-bearing clearance accuracy of claim 2,
the thicknesses of the second pressing plate and the first pressing plate are both at least greater than or equal to 12 mm; optionally, the shape of the second pressure plate and the first pressure plate is selected from a circle; optionally, the second platen and the first platen are both made of a thermally conductive material.
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| CN113059315B (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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