CN113057056A - Application of ormosia in insect ecological regulation and control and insect regulation and control method thereof - Google Patents
Application of ormosia in insect ecological regulation and control and insect regulation and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of ormosia in biological control and a method for regulating and controlling alfalfa thrips, belonging to the technical field of pest control. The invention provides an application of the ormosia in biological control, and provides a thrips regulating and controlling method, namely planting the ormosia in a target area where alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled. The red bean grass can obviously improve the density of the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the small stink bugs, can provide a good shelter for the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the small stink bugs, the density of the thrips is increased after the green returning in the alfalfa area, and the density of the thrips can be controlled by the high-density natural enemy, namely the small stink bugs, which are kept by the red bean grass shelter, so that the density of the thrips cannot be rebounded to the high density before the original harvest, and the purpose of regulating and controlling the thrips is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to application of ormosia in insect ecological regulation and control and an insect regulation and control method thereof.
Background
Frankliniella occidentalis is a group of animals of the family thrips, Thripidae. Also known as alfalfa thrips, belongs to the order Thysanoptera. As many as 500 or more host plants are known for the feeding habit of Frankliniella occidentalis. The insect was native to north america, was first discovered in 1955 in hawaii, and was once the most common thrips in california in the united states. Since the 80 s of the 20 th century, it became a strong species with increased resistance to various environments and pesticides, and thus gradually expanded outward.
The frankliniella occidentalis has tiny insect bodies and strong thistle is small in size, often lives in hidden positions such as flowers and buds, has high reproductive performance and short life cycle, and lays eggs in plant tissues, so that great difficulty is brought to chemical prevention and control. The whole or most of all insect states of the traditional Chinese medicine are difficult to kill by one medicine or one-time spraying, and the drug resistance of the traditional Chinese medicine is easy to generate by multiple times of or high-concentration application. Therefore, the following comprehensive prevention and control methods are mainly adopted for controlling the insects in recent years.
(1) And (3) strengthening quarantine: plant quarantine is the primary measure for preventing the spread of dangerous pests.
(2) Biological control: releasing the natural enemies of the amblyseius and orius similis.
(3) And (3) reasonable pesticide application: pyrethroid, organic nitrogen insecticides and organic phosphorus insecticides; insect growth regulators such as Carbam, Geotecan, lufenuron, etc.
However, the above-mentioned prevention and control means have the following problems: the strengthening of quarantine can only prevent and cannot completely stop, and the method of artificially releasing natural enemies has certain limitation and can cause certain species unbalance; the pesticide can cause the pests to generate resistance and pollute the environment.
Therefore, the development of a novel alfalfa thrips prevention and control method is urgently needed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects and the requirements in the field, the invention provides a brand-new alfalfa thrips regulation and control method based on plant intercropping by utilizing the natural enemy feeding habits.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the application of the red sage in the aspect of insect ecological regulation.
The insect ecological regulation refers to regulation of insect population density.
The regulation and control of the insect population density refers to increasing the population density of natural enemies of pests by planting the red bean grass so as to control the population density of the pests.
The pest refers to thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
An insect regulation method is characterized in that pinus angustifolia is planted in a target area where insects are required to be regulated.
And (4) intercropping alfalfa and red bean grass in the target area.
The insect control method comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa and Chinese red bean grass in a target area in a strip shape to form an alfalfa planting strip and a Chinese red bean grass planting strip respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the red bean grass planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
The ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the red bean grass planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the red sage in the red sage planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The red bean grass planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The insects are selected from pests and/or natural enemies of pests;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
In another specific aspect of the invention, the application of the red sage in biological control is provided.
The biological control refers to pest control.
The pest control refers to controlling pests by planting the red sage to increase natural enemies of the pests.
The pest refers to thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
A thrips regulating and controlling method is characterized in that pinus rudis is planted in a target area where alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled. The method has the effects that the Ormosia bicolor, a natural enemy of thrips, is attracted by planting the Ormosia bicolor, the population density of the natural enemy is improved, and the population density of pests is controlled.
And (4) intercropping alfalfa and red bean grass in the target area.
The thrips regulating and controlling method comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa and Chinese red bean grass in a target area in a strip shape to form an alfalfa planting strip and a Chinese red bean grass planting strip respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the red bean grass planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
The ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the red bean grass planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the red sage in the red sage planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The red bean grass planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
The invention unexpectedly discovers the feeding property of the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the lygus lucorum, to the plant, namely the red bean grass, and the planting of the red bean grass can effectively attract the inhabitation and the propagation of the lygus lucorum, so that the natural enemy of the thrips lucorum is introduced into a target area and the density of the thrips in the target area is effectively regulated and controlled. According to the method, the experiment for comparing the thrips and the natural enemy orius xiaolinensis before and after harvesting in the alfalfa planting area and the determination of the attractive tropism of the volatile matter of the ormosia brevicaulis on the thrips are carried out through dynamic observation, so that the planting of the ormosia brevicaulis can play a remarkable role in regulating and controlling the density change of the thrips. The density of the small stinkbug in the red bean grass planting area is 2.03 times, 5.06 times and 3.51 times higher than that of the small stinkbug before the alfalfa is harvested for 1 week, the red bean grass can provide a good shelter for the natural enemy of the thrips, after the alfalfa turns green, the density of the thrips in the alfalfa area rises to some extent, and the density of the thrips can be controlled by the high-density natural enemy small stinkbug kept by the red bean grass shelter and cannot rebound to the high density before the original harvest, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the thrips is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the ratio of alfalfa varieties to the functional plant, red sage, in the experimental examples of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the control effect of different intercropping modes of alfalfa and red bean grass on alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius minutus populations in the experimental example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the activity of volatile substances of alfalfa and red bean grass on Frankliniella occidentalis in the experimental examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Group 1 examples, novel uses of the invention
The group of embodiments provides the application of the red sage in the aspect of insect ecological regulation.
The invention discovers the association between the ormosia and the ecological regulation and control of insects for the first time, particularly the association between the ormosia and the regulation and control of insect population density, and verifies the remarkable effect of the ormosia in the regulation and control of the population density of insects such as thrips, orius xiaoshi and the like. According to the teaching of the invention, the skilled person can perform ecological regulation and population density regulation on insects except thrips and orius minutus, and any actions of using and planting the red sage for the purpose of ecological regulation of the insects fall into the protection scope of the invention. In some specific embodiments, the insect ecology control refers to control of insect population density.
In a further example, the regulation of the population density of the insect refers to increasing the population density of the natural enemy of the insect by planting the red sage so as to control the population density of the insect.
In specific embodiments, the pest is thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
The present group of embodiments provides a method of insect control. In all of the examples in this group, the insect control methods share the following common features: and planting the red bean grass in a target area where the insects need to be regulated and controlled.
Specifically, the insect regulation refers to population density regulation of insects. The invention verifies the remarkable effect of the red bean grass on regulating and controlling the population density of insects such as thrips, orius minutus and the like. According to the teaching of the invention, the skilled person can perform ecological regulation and population density regulation on insects except thrips and orius minutus, and any actions of using and planting the red sage for the purpose of ecological regulation of the insects fall into the protection scope of the invention.
In a particular embodiment, alfalfa and red bean are intercropped in the target area.
In a more specific embodiment, the method of controlling insects comprises: planting alfalfa and Chinese red bean grass in a target area in a strip shape to form an alfalfa planting strip and a Chinese red bean grass planting strip respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the red bean grass planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals. In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the red sage planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4; preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the red sage in the red sage planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The red bean grass planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The insects are selected from pests and/or natural enemies of pests;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
Group 3 examples biological control applications of Adenostemma repens
The embodiments of this group provide applications of sainfoin in biological control.
In some specific embodiments of this group, the biological control refers to pest control.
In a further embodiment, the pest control refers to controlling pests by increasing natural enemies of the pests through planting the red sage.
In more specific embodiments, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
Those skilled in the art can use the red sage for ecological regulation of other thrips according to the teaching of the present invention, for example: melon thrips, scallion thrips, rice thrips, ginger thrips and the like, and the regulation and control effect can be expected.
Any act of planting the red sage for the purpose of pest control falls within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the group provides a thrips regulating and controlling method. All embodiments of this group share the following common features: and planting the red bean grass in a target area where the alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled.
According to the content of the invention, the technical personnel can plant the ormosia into any area where thrips need to be regulated and controlled, and can carry out mixed planting and intercropping on the ormosia and any plants. Any behavior of growing the sainfoin or of interacting the sainfoin with any other plant with the purpose of regulating thrips falls within the scope of the present invention.
In a specific example, alfalfa and red bean are intercropped in the target area.
In some embodiments, the method for regulating thrips comprises: planting alfalfa and Chinese red bean grass in a target area in a strip shape to form an alfalfa planting strip and a Chinese red bean grass planting strip respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the red bean grass planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals. In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the red sage planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4; preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the red sage in the red sage planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
In a more preferred embodiment, the chinese yew planting belt is disposed between two alfalfa planting belts.
In a particular embodiment, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, bovine odontothrips. Those skilled in the art can use the pinus majus for ecological regulation of other thrips according to the teaching of the present invention, for example: melon thrips, scallion thrips, rice thrips, ginger thrips and the like, and the regulation and control effect can be expected.
Examples of the experiments
1. Materials and methods
1.1 varieties for testing
The selected alfalfa variety is medium alfalfa No. 1, and the specific sources of the alfalfa variety and the red sage are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 sources of selected varieties
1.2 field test design and planting management
The alfalfa 1 in the red bean grass and alfalfa varieties is respectively proportioned as 2 m: 4m, 2 m: 6m, 2 m: intercropping is carried out in three modes of 8m (see figure 1), namely, the sainfoin and the alfalfa varieties are intercropped according to the proportion of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively to build an alfalfa disease and pest ecological regulation technology test area.
Seeding rate and cell area: the sowing quantity of alfalfa 1 in the alfalfa variety is 1.5 kg/mu, and the area of each cell is 2 pieces of alfalfa 4 multiplied by 20m, 2 pieces of alfalfa 6 multiplied by 20m and 2 pieces of alfalfa 8 multiplied by 20 m; the seeding area of the ormosia is 3, 2m is multiplied by 20m, and the seeding quantity is 3 kg/mu.
1.3 investigation of alfalfa field and functional plants Ormosia victoria and natural enemy orius
Relevant research studies were conducted during the alfalfa thrips emergence period. Respectively surveying the population quantity of alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius xiaolinensis in alfalfa field and functional plant red bean grass area by adopting a hundred-branch method and a net catching method before harvesting and after harvesting for 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks, which are as follows:
thrips: adopting a hundred-branch method, sampling at five points during the occurrence period of field pests, investigating the occurrence condition of field thrips, investigating 5 samples at each sample point, investigating 20 plants for 100 plants in each sample, using A4 white paper as a tray during investigation, putting alfalfa plants on the paper for shaking, then counting the number of thrips on the paper, and calculating the density of the mouths of the hundred-branch strip insects. The unit of insect quantity is: head/hundred twigs.
The orius minutus: adopting a net catching method, investigating at the same time of thrips, sampling at five points, utilizing an insect catching net to sweep the net for each sampling point to collect and investigate the orius minutus, sweeping 10 nets for each sampling point (1 net is swept by the insect catching net close to the plant for 180 degrees or so), loading the collected insects into one net bag, and respectively loading 5 sampling points into 5 net bags. Counting the orius minutus in the mesh bag and preparing a specimen.
1.4 Regulation and control of behavior of alfalfa thrips by functional plant volatiles
A test insect source: inoculating bovine odontothrips loti collected from alfalfa field on indoor alfalfa for feeding, removing inoculated thrips after two days, and selecting thrips with consistent individual size and insect state as test insects.
The test plants: alfalfa, red bean grass.
1.4.1 alfalfa thrips behavioral assay
According to the method recorded in the text of the influence of the odor and the extract of the aromatic plants on the behavior of the tea geometrid, the Y-shaped olfactometer is used for measuring the taxis response of adults to the aromatic plants. The two arms of the Y-shaped pipe A, B were connected to plant and control (clean air) with Teflon pipe of 1.0cm in diameter, respectively, and then connected to an air pump. After the air pump is started, the flow meter is adjusted to enable the air flow to pass through each flavor source at a constant flow rate of 500mL/min to enter the two arms of the Y-shaped tube. The gas stream is filtered through an activated carbon filter and bottle-washed for humidification before entering the odor source. The illuminometer is used for testing A, B the illumination intensity of the two arms, and the position is adjusted to ensure that all parts of the Y-shaped tube receive light uniformly. The olfactometer is arranged in a dark box, and two 40W fluorescent tubes are arranged at the top of the dark box in parallel. The indoor temperature is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃.
Adults of substantially uniform size, intact antennae, and active behavior were selected for the trial. And (4) placing the single-headed adults on the base of the Y-shaped pipe from the opening of the release pipe for observation. When the adult is positioned at the releasing pipe 1/2 and begins to time, the adult crosses the A or B arm 1/2 and stays for more than 1min, and is recorded as a selection response; no obvious selection trend is observed after the reaction is carried out for 5min, and no reaction is marked. Testing each adult insect for 1 time, testing 60 heads of each plant, scrubbing the inner and outer walls of the Y tube with 95% ethanol after testing 10 heads of each plant, drying, changing the connecting positions of two arms of the olfactometer, the flavor source bottle and the comparison bottle to eliminate the error generated by asymmetry of the two arms of the Y tube, and testing the other 10 heads.
1.4.2 adult chemotaxis
The test was performed for significant difference detection and no statistical analysis was included for adults with no selective behavior.
The selection rate is the number of adult brachial adults/(number of adult brachial + number of adult brachial control) × 100%, and the "selection rate" calculated here is the "percentage of taste source" in fig. 3.
1.5 data processing
Statistical analysis and mapping were performed using Microsoft Excel, DPS and origin9.0 software.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 Regulation and control action of alfalfa variety and functional plant Ormosia victorialis on alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius xiaolinensis
As can be seen from FIG. 2, before harvesting, the numbers of pests thrips and natural enemy orius minutus in the alfalfa field are both higher than those in the functional plant Ormosia grass area; after the alfalfa is harvested for 1 week, the population densities of the pests thrips and the natural enemy orius minutus in the alfalfa field are both remarkably reduced (fig. 2a and fig. 2c), the numbers of the pests thrips and the natural enemy orius minutus in the functional plant red bean grass area are both remarkably increased (fig. 2b and fig. 2d), and the density of the thrips at the moment is increased possibly because the alfalfa is cut out of hunger and is not selective to eat, and needs to temporarily find a habitat for reproduction; the densities of orius microphyllus in the functional plant areas intercropped with alfalfa at the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 were 2.03 times, 5.06 times and 3.51 times before harvesting (fig. 2 d); after 2-3 weeks of harvesting, with the increase of the population density of the thrips in the alfalfa green-returning alfalfa field (fig. 2a), the number of natural enemy orius xiaoliensis in the alfalfa green-returning alfalfa field is remarkably increased (fig. 2c), the density of the orius xiaoliensis in the functional plant abrus area is remarkably reduced (fig. 2d), and the thrips at the moment are increased possibly due to continuous breeding after migrating back from the abrus area.
After the alfalfa variety and the red bean grass are intercropped in three different proportions of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively, the different intercropping proportions have different influences on the alfalfa thrips and the natural enemy orius minutus. After intercropping is carried out according to the proportion of 1:4, the natural enemies are attracted obviously, so that the control effect on alfalfa pests is better, the regulation and control effect is obviously higher than the two intercropping proportions of 1:2 and 1:3, the number of thrips in the alfalfa grass field which is intercropped according to the proportion of 1:4 is obviously lower than the other two intercropping proportions, and the number of the natural enemies in the functional plant red bean grass area is obviously higher than the other two intercropping proportions.
The part of tested pest thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips or ox horn tooth thrips, and can obtain the same or similar effect.
2.2 Effect of alfalfa and Dow grass volatiles on the behavior of Calotropis procera
As can be seen from FIG. 3, alfalfa has a very significant attracting effect on Frankliniella occidentalis, while the red bean grass has a certain attracting effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis, which indicates that the pest prefers alfalfa to have a smell. Therefore, the alfalfa and the red bean grass are intercropped to have a good regulation and control effect on the alfalfa pest thrips.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the red sage in the aspect of insect ecological regulation.
2. The use of ormosia as claimed in claim 1 for the ecological regulation of insects, wherein said ecological regulation of insects refers to the regulation of insect population density.
3. The use of ormosia as claimed in claim 2 for the ecological control of insects, wherein said control of insect population density means that the population density of natural enemies of pests is increased by planting ormosia to control the population density of pests.
4. The application of the ormosia in ecological regulation of insects as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pests refer to thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
5. An insect regulation method is characterized in that pinus angustifolia is planted in a target area where insects are required to be regulated.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein alfalfa and red bean are intercropped in the target area.
7. An insect control method as claimed in claim 5 or 6, comprising: planting alfalfa and Chinese red bean grass in a target area in a strip shape to form an alfalfa planting strip and a Chinese red bean grass planting strip respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the red bean grass planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the ratio of the width of said alfalfa planting belt to the width of said red sage planting belt is from 1:2 to 1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the red sage in the red sage planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
9. An insect control method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the vigna angularis planting zone is disposed between two alfalfa planting zones.
10. An insect control method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the insect is selected from a pest, and/or a natural enemy of a pest;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
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