CN113079905A - Application of crowtoe in insect ecological regulation and control and insect regulation and control method thereof - Google Patents
Application of crowtoe in insect ecological regulation and control and insect regulation and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of crowtoe in insect ecological regulation and control and an insect regulation and control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of pest control. The invention provides application of crowtoe in insect ecological regulation and control on one hand and provides a crowtoe-based insect regulation and control method on the other hand, namely planting crowtoe in a target area where alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled. The lotus japonicus can obviously improve the density of the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the lygus lucorum, can provide a good shelter for the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the lygus lucorum, and the density of the thrips is increased after the green returning in the alfalfa area, and at the moment, the density of the thrips can be controlled by the high-density natural enemy lygus lucorum preserved by the lotus japonicus shelter and cannot be rebounded to the high density before the original harvest, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the thrips is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect ecological regulation and control, and particularly relates to application of crowtoe in insect ecological regulation and control and an insect regulation and control method thereof.
Background
Thrips is a general term for the order thysanoptera of the class insecta. The insects are widely distributed around the world, have complicated feeding habits which mainly comprise phytophagy, fungus feeding habits and predation habits, wherein the phytophagy accounts for more than half of the total number of the insects, and are one of important economic pests. Thrips is mainly from the thrips family and the tubifenesidae family. The main types of diseases occurring in melons, fruits and vegetables include thrips tabaci, etc., and further include thrips oryzae, thrips crocosvenorii, thrips vitis, etc.
Orius minutus, a class of insects of the order hemiptera, the family lygus, the genus orius. Is distributed in Beijing, Henan, Hubei, Shanghai, etc. Host insects include cotton aphid, thrips, cotton leaf mite, cotton plant bug nymph, cotton red bollworm, cotton bollworm, small bridgeworm, diamond-bit and the like, and the insects mainly damage crops such as pasture grass, cotton, cucumber and the like, so the small flower bug is a natural enemy of pests with important utilization value.
Thrips, because of its tiny body and strong thisticity, usually live in hidden places such as flowers and buds, with high reproduction and short life, and lay eggs in plant tissues, brings great difficulty to chemical control. The whole or most of all insect states of the traditional Chinese medicine are difficult to kill by one medicine or one-time spraying, and the drug resistance of the traditional Chinese medicine is easy to generate by multiple times of or high-concentration application. Therefore, the following comprehensive prevention and control methods are mainly adopted for controlling the insects in recent years.
(1) And (3) strengthening quarantine: plant quarantine is the primary measure for preventing the spread of dangerous pests.
(2) Biological control: releasing the natural enemies of the amblyseius and orius similis.
(3) And (3) reasonable pesticide application: pyrethroid, organic nitrogen insecticides and organic phosphorus insecticides; insect growth regulators such as Carbam, Geotecan, lufenuron, etc.
However, the above-mentioned prevention and control means have the following problems: the strengthening of quarantine can only prevent and cannot completely stop, and the method of artificially releasing natural enemies has certain limitation and can cause certain species unbalance; the pesticide can cause the pests to generate resistance and pollute the environment.
Therefore, the development of a novel method for controlling thrips is urgently needed in the art.
Lotus corniculatus Linn is a perennial herb of the genus Lotus of the family Leguminosae and the genus Lotus. Distributed in the northwest, southwest and middle and upper reaches of Yangtze river of China. Asia, europe, north america and oceania all have distributions. It is born on wet and weakly alkaline hillside, grassland, field or river beach. The seed has soft and juicy stem and leaf, rich carbohydrate content, good feed, and radix Cynanchi Wilfordii has soil improving effect. Is also one of the excellent honey source plants. BAIMAOGEN has effects of tonifying deficiency, clearing heat away, and quenching thirst; can be used for treating consumptive disease, fever due to yin deficiency, and thirst.
The application of the lotus japonicus in insect regulation is not reported in the field, and the application of the lotus japonicus in the population density regulation of pests such as thrips, orius minutus and the like and natural enemies thereof is never reported in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned needs and gaps in the art, the present invention provides an application of Lotus corniculatus in ecological regulation of insects and a method for regulating insects. The method of the invention does not need additional pesticide application or artificial release of natural enemies, and can achieve the effect of regulating and controlling the population density of pests and natural enemies thereof only by planting crowtoe in a target area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides the application of the lotus japonicus in the aspect of insect ecological regulation.
The insect ecological regulation refers to regulation of insect population density.
The regulation and control of the insect population density refers to increasing the population density of natural enemies of pests by planting crowtoe so as to control the population density of the pests.
The pest refers to thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
The invention provides an insect regulation method, which is characterized in that Lotus corniculatus is planted in a target area where insects are required to be regulated.
Intercropping alfalfa and crowtoe in the target area.
The insect control method comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa and lotus corniculatus into strips in a target area to form an alfalfa planting zone and a lotus corniculatus planting zone respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the lotus-root planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
The ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the crowtoe planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the lotus roots in the lotus root planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The crowtoe planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The insects are selected from pests and/or natural enemies of pests;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
In a third specific aspect of the invention, the application of crowtoe in biological control is provided.
The biological control refers to pest control.
The pest control refers to controlling pests by planting crowtoe to increase natural enemies of the pests.
The pest refers to thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
A thrips regulating and controlling method is characterized in that crowtoe is planted in a target area where alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled. The method has the effects that the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the orius minutus, is attracted by planting the lotus roots, the population density of the natural enemy is improved, and the population density of pests is further controlled.
Intercropping alfalfa and crowtoe in the target area.
The thrips regulating and controlling method comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa and lotus corniculatus into strips in a target area to form an alfalfa planting zone and a lotus corniculatus planting zone respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the lotus-root planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
The ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the crowtoe planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the lotus roots in the lotus root planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The crowtoe planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
The invention unexpectedly discovers the feeding property of the natural enemy of the thrips, namely the lygus lucorum, to the lotus japonicus, and planting the lotus japonicus can effectively attract the inhabitation and propagation of the lygus lucorum, so that the natural enemy of the thrips lucorum is introduced into a target area and the density of the thrips in the target area is effectively regulated and controlled. According to the method, the contrast experiment of the thrips and the natural enemy orius xiaolinensis before and after harvesting in the alfalfa planting area is dynamically observed, and the attractive tendency of the lotus japonicus volatile matter to the thrips is determined, so that the lotus japonicus planting method has a remarkable regulation and control effect on the density change of the thrips. The density of the small flower stinkbug in the lotus seed root planting area after the alfalfa is harvested for 1 week is 1.84 times, 2.10 times and 2.00 times of that before the alfalfa is harvested, the lotus seed planting area can provide a good shelter for the natural enemy of the thrips, after the alfalfa turns green, the density of the thrips in the alfalfa area rises, and at the moment, the density of the thrips can be controlled by the high-density natural enemy small flower stinkbug kept by the lotus seed shelter and cannot rebound to the high density before the original harvesting, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the thrips is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the different intercropping ratios of alfalfa variety and functional plant Lotus corniculatus in the experimental example of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the regulation and control effect of different intercropping modes of alfalfa and lotus japonicus on alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius minutus populations in the experimental example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the activity of alfalfa and Lotus japonicus volatiles on Frankliniella occidentalis in the experimental examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Group 1 examples, novel uses of Lotus corniculatus of the invention
The present group of embodiments provides the use of Lotus corniculatus for the ecological control of insects.
The invention discovers the correlation between the lotus japonicus and the ecological regulation of insects for the first time, in particular to the correlation between the lotus japonicus and the population density regulation of insects, and verifies the obvious effect of the lotus japonicus in regulating and controlling the population density of insects such as thrips, orius minutus and the like. According to the teaching of the invention, the skilled person can perform ecological regulation and population density regulation on insects except thrips and orius minutus, and any action of using and planting lotus japonicus for the purpose of ecological regulation of insects falls into the protection scope of the invention. In some specific embodiments, the insect ecology control refers to control of insect population density.
In a further example, the regulation of the population density of the insect refers to increasing the population density of a natural enemy of the insect by planting Lotus corniculatus and thereby controlling the population density of the insect.
In specific embodiments, the pest is thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
The present group of embodiments provides a method of insect control. In all of the examples in this group, the insect control methods share the following common features: planting crowtoe in a target area where insects need to be regulated and controlled.
Specifically, the insect regulation refers to population density regulation of insects. The invention verifies the remarkable effect of the lotus japonicus on regulating and controlling the population density of insects such as thrips, orius minutus and the like. According to the teaching of the invention, the skilled person can perform ecological regulation and population density regulation on insects except thrips and orius minutus, and any action of using and planting lotus japonicus for the purpose of ecological regulation of insects falls into the protection scope of the invention.
In a specific embodiment, alfalfa and Lotus corniculatus are intercropped in the target area.
In a more specific embodiment, the method of controlling insects comprises: planting alfalfa and lotus corniculatus into strips in a target area to form an alfalfa planting zone and a lotus corniculatus planting zone respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the lotus-root planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the Lotus corniculatus planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the lotus roots in the lotus root planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
The crowtoe planting belt is arranged between the two alfalfa planting belts.
The insects are selected from pests and/or natural enemies of pests;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
Group 3 examples biological control applications of Lotus corniculatus
The present group of embodiments provides the use of crowtoe in biological control.
In some specific embodiments of this group, the biological control refers to pest control.
In a further embodiment, the pest control refers to controlling pests by increasing natural enemies of the pests through planting Lotus corniculatus.
In more specific embodiments, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or radix Calophylli Membranacei.
One skilled in the art can use Lotus corniculatus for ecological regulation of other thrips, such as: melon thrips, onion thrips, rice thrips, ginger thrips, grape thrips, etc. with predictable regulation and control effect.
Any act of planting lotus japonicus for pest control purposes falls within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the group provides a thrips regulating and controlling method. All embodiments of this group share the following common features: planting crowtoe in a target area where alfalfa thrips needs to be regulated and controlled.
According to the content of the invention, one skilled in the art can plant the lotus japonicus in any area where thrips needs to be regulated and controlled, and carry out mixed planting and intercropping on the lotus japonicus and any plants. Any action of planting the lotus japonicus, or carrying out interaction between the lotus japonicus and any other plants aiming at controlling the thrips falls into the protection scope of the invention.
In a specific example, alfalfa and Lotus corniculatus are intercropped in the target area.
In some embodiments, the method for regulating thrips comprises: planting alfalfa and lotus corniculatus into strips in a target area to form an alfalfa planting zone and a lotus corniculatus planting zone respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the lotus-root planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alfalfa planting belt to the width of the Lotus corniculatus planting belt is 1: 2-1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the lotus roots in the lotus root planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
In a more preferred embodiment, the crowtoe planting belt is arranged between two alfalfa planting belts.
In a particular embodiment, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, bovine odontothrips. One skilled in the art can use Lotus corniculatus for ecological regulation of other thrips, for example: melon thrips, onion thrips, rice thrips, ginger thrips, grape thrips, etc. with predictable regulation and control effect.
Experimental example, Effect verification of the insect control method of the present invention
1. Materials and methods
1.1 varieties for testing
The selected alfalfa variety is alfalfa No. 1, and the specific sources of alfalfa and Lotus corniculatus are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 sources of selected varieties
1.2 field test design and planting management
The alfalfa root and alfalfa 1 in the alfalfa variety are respectively proportioned to be 2 m: 4m, 2 m: 6m, 2 m: intercropping is carried out in three modes of 8m (see figure 1), namely, the crowtoe and the alfalfa varieties are intercropped according to the proportion of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively to build an alfalfa thrips ecological regulation and control technology test area.
Seeding rate and cell area: the sowing quantity of alfalfa 1 in alfalfa varieties is 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity of radix ophiopogonis is 3 kg/mu.
1.3 investigation of alfalfa field and functional plants thrips in Lotus root zone and natural enemy orius minutus
Relevant research studies were conducted during the alfalfa thrips emergence period. Respectively surveying the population quantity of alfalfa fields and alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius xiaohui in the functional plant Lotus vein root zone by adopting a shoot method and a net catching method before harvesting, 1 week after harvesting, 2 weeks after harvesting and 3 weeks, and concretely comprises the following steps:
thrips: adopting a hundred-branch method, sampling at five points during the occurrence period of field pests, investigating the occurrence conditions of field thrips in an alfalfa field and a hundred-vein region, investigating 5 samples at each sample point, investigating 20 plants in each sample, totally 100 plants, using A4 white paper as a tray during investigation, putting alfalfa or hundred-vein plant on the paper, shaking, then counting the number of thrips on the paper, and calculating the density of mouths of hundred-branch strip insects. The unit of insect quantity is: head/hundred twigs.
The orius minutus: adopting a net catching method, investigating at the same time of thrips, sampling at five points, utilizing an insect catching net to sweep the net for each sampling point to collect and investigate the orius minutus, sweeping 10 nets for each sampling point (1 net is swept by the insect catching net close to the plant for 180 degrees or so), loading the collected insects into one net bag, and respectively loading 5 sampling points into 5 net bags. Counting the orius minutus in the mesh bag and preparing a specimen.
1.4 Regulation of alfalfa pest behavior by functional plant volatiles
A test insect source: inoculating bovine odontothrips loti collected from alfalfa field on indoor alfalfa for feeding, removing inoculated thrips after two days, and selecting thrips with consistent individual size and insect state as test insects.
The test plants: alfalfa, lotus root.
1.4.1 determination of the behavior of the alfalfa pest thrips
The taxis of adults on aromatic plants were determined using a "Y" type olfactometer, according to Sun et al. The two arms of the Y-shaped pipe A, B were connected to plant and control (clean air) with Teflon pipe of 1.0cm in diameter, respectively, and then connected to an air pump. After the air pump is started, the flow meter is adjusted to enable the air flow to pass through each flavor source at a constant flow rate of 500mL/min to enter the two arms of the Y-shaped tube. The gas stream is filtered through an activated carbon filter and bottle-washed for humidification before entering the odor source. The illuminometer is used for testing A, B the illumination intensity of the two arms, and the position is adjusted to ensure that all parts of the Y-shaped tube receive light uniformly. The olfactometer is arranged in a dark box, and two 40W fluorescent tubes are arranged at the top of the dark box in parallel. The indoor temperature is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃.
Adults of substantially uniform size, intact antennae, and active behavior were selected for the trial. And (4) placing the single-headed adults on the base of the Y-shaped pipe from the opening of the release pipe for observation. When the adult is positioned at the releasing pipe 1/2 and begins to time, the adult crosses the A or B arm 1/2 and stays for more than 1min, and is recorded as a selection response; no obvious selection trend is observed after the reaction is carried out for 5min, and no reaction is marked. Testing each adult insect for 1 time, testing 60 heads of each plant, scrubbing the inner and outer walls of the Y tube with 95% ethanol after testing 10 heads of each plant, drying, changing the connecting positions of two arms of the olfactometer, the flavor source bottle and the comparison bottle to eliminate the error generated by asymmetry of the two arms of the Y tube, and testing the other 10 heads.
1.4.2 adult chemotaxis
The test was performed for significant difference detection and no statistical analysis was included for adults with no selective behavior.
The selection rate is the number of aphids on the selected arm/(the number of imagoes on the selected arm + the number of imagoes on the contrast arm) × 100%
1.5 data processing
Statistical analysis and mapping were performed using Microsoft Excel, DPS and origin9.0 software.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 Regulation and control action of alfalfa variety and functional plant Lotus japonicus on alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius minutus
As can be seen from FIG. 2, before harvesting, the numbers of pests thrips and natural enemy orius minutus in the alfalfa field are both significantly higher than those in the Lotus corniculatus zone of the functional plant; after the alfalfa is harvested for 1 week, the population densities of the pest thrips and the natural enemy orius minutus in the alfalfa field are both remarkably reduced (fig. 2a and fig. 2c), the numbers of the pest thrips and the natural enemy orius minutus in the functional plant loving root area are both remarkably increased (fig. 2b and fig. 2d), and the densities of the orius minutus in the loving root functional plant area intercropped with the alfalfa in the proportion of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 are 1.84 times, 2.10 times and 2.00 times (fig. 2d) before harvesting; after 2-3 weeks of harvesting, with the increase of the population density of thrips in the alfalfa replanting alfalfa grass field (fig. 2a), the number of natural enemy small lygus bugs in the alfalfa replanting alfalfa grass field is remarkably increased (fig. 2c), and the density of small lygus bugs in the Baimai root zone of the functional plant is remarkably reduced (fig. 2 d).
After the alfalfa variety and the lotus japonicus are intercropped in three different proportions of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively, the different intercropping proportions have different influences on alfalfa thrips and natural enemy orius minutus. Wherein, after intercropping at a ratio of 1:4, the attraction effect on the natural enemy orius minutus is most obvious (figure 2c), thereby having better control effect on the alfalfa thrips, the population density of the alfalfa thrips in the alfalfa field intercropped with the lotus roots at a ratio of 4:1 is obviously lower than that in the alfalfa field intercropped with the lotus roots at a ratio of 3:1 and 2:1 (figure 2a), namely the regulation and control effect on the thrips is obviously higher than two intercropping ratios of 1:2 and 1: 3.
2.2 Effect of alfalfa and Lotus Raddeana volatiles on the behavior of Nitraria Oxyphylla
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the clover horn frankliniella dentalis has a very significant attraction effect, while the Lotus corniculatus has a certain avoidance effect on the clover horn frankliniella, which indicates that the pests prefer the alfalfa to have a smell. Therefore, the alfalfa and the lotus japonicus intercropping have better regulation and control effects on alfalfa pest thrips.
Claims (10)
1. Application of Lotus corniculatus in insect ecological regulation.
2. The application of crowtoe in ecological regulation of insects according to claim 1, wherein the ecological regulation of insects refers to regulation of population density of insects.
3. The application of lotus corniculatus in ecological regulation of insects according to claim 2, wherein the regulation of insect population density refers to increasing the population density of natural enemies of pests by planting lotus corniculatus and further controlling the population density of pests.
4. The application of the lotus japonicus in the ecological regulation of insects as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pests refer to thrips; preferably, said thrips is selected from alfalfa thrips, or, Frankliniella occidentalis;
preferably, the natural enemies of pests are selected from orius minutus.
5. An insect regulation method is characterized in that crowtoe is planted in a target area where insects are required to be regulated.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein alfalfa and Lotus corniculatus are intercropped in the target area.
7. An insect control method as claimed in claim 5 or 6, comprising: planting alfalfa and lotus corniculatus into strips in a target area to form an alfalfa planting zone and a lotus corniculatus planting zone respectively; the alfalfa planting belt and the lotus-root planting belt are adjacent and arranged at intervals.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the ratio of the width of said alfalfa planting belt to the width of said Lotus corniculatus planting belt is from 1:2 to 1: 4;
preferably, the sowing amount of the alfalfa in the alfalfa planting belt is 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, preferably 1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the lotus roots in the lotus root planting belt is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu, preferably 3 kg/mu.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the Lotus corniculatus planting belt is disposed between two alfalfa planting belts.
10. An insect control method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the insect is selected from a pest, and/or a natural enemy of a pest;
preferably, the pest is thrips; the thrips is selected from herba Medicaginis or Frankliniella Melanica;
preferably, the natural enemy of the pest is orius minutus.
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