CN113054731A - Machining equipment cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit for intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system - Google Patents
Machining equipment cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit for intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system Download PDFInfo
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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Abstract
Disclosed are a machining equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit and an energy collection method for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system, wherein the energy collection circuit comprises: the extreme value detection circuit comprises a positive value detection circuit, a negative value detection circuit and a first inductor and is used for detecting positive and negative extreme values of the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator; the rectification filter circuit comprises a rectifier bridge and a filter capacitor and is used for controlling the stability of output voltage; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a triode, a voltage stabilizing diode and a resistor and is used for providing stable voltage for the super capacitor; the storage and load circuit comprises a super capacitor and a load resistor and is used for providing continuous and stable voltage for the intelligent sensing node; and the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator comprises an alternating current source and a capacitor and is used for simulating the real working state of the piezoelectric vibrator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cutting flutter energy acquisition of processing equipment of an intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system, relates to an energy acquisition circuit, and particularly relates to a cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit and a method for the processing equipment of the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system.
Background
The manufacturing industry is the material basis and the main body of the national economy and is an important mark for measuring the development of the national economy. With the acceleration of the economic globalization process and the deep development of market economy, the market competition of manufacturing enterprises is becoming more and more intense. Discrete manufacturing, particularly multi-variety, small-lot, multi-model, and all-in-one production is becoming the mainstream production method. The parallel discrete manufacturing process for multiple varieties, small batches, multiple batches and multiple models is extremely complex, and due to the single-piece small-batch production, the batch quantity is low, the repetition rate is low, and the production organization activity is complex in the actual production process; secondly, the production continuity and the load balance are poor; production period is difficult to control; and fourthly, the production process has a plurality of disturbance factors, so that the data information of the processing equipment in the discrete manufacturing process is difficult to acquire and upload in time. In this context, on the one hand, the flexible reconfigurable and productive capacity requirements of manufacturing systems continue to increase, and on the other hand, the predictability of the manufacturing process continues to decrease. Therefore, how to quickly and effectively acquire data information of on-site processing equipment of a workshop to synchronize a production control system with a production process is a key issue which must be considered by current discrete manufacturing enterprises.
At present, most manufacturing enterprises with a certain scale adopt a wireless sensing network as a key technology of an intelligent sensing layer, intelligent sensing nodes are deployed at corresponding positions of processing equipment on a production field of a discrete manufacturing workshop according to production requirements, a self-organization network is formed among the nodes in a wireless communication mode, data information of the processing equipment in the whole production process is actively acquired, and finally the data information is sent to a gateway or a central processing unit.
When the wireless sensor network is used for acquiring data information of processing equipment in the whole production process, the wireless sensor network node is generally powered by a battery or a wire. The battery power supply has own defects, namely, when the battery is insufficient in electric quantity, leaked or poorly contacted, the communication sensitivity and the communication distance of the network node are greatly reduced, and even the communication fails in serious cases, so that the battery needs to be frequently replaced or charged, and the use cost is increased; secondly, the batteries contain heavy metals, and serious environmental pollution can be caused by improper treatment of the waste batteries; wired power supply has its own drawbacks, and (r) the investment cost is high. The cable is required to be arranged for wired power supply, and once the number of discrete manufacturing workshops and processing equipment is large, the wiring is quite difficult, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed, and the construction time is long. ② the expansibility is poor. After a wireless sensor network is built, new nodes are added, often because of the need of the system. Rewiring is required, construction is troublesome, and the original power supply line can be damaged. And difficulty in inspection and maintenance. When a fault occurs, the fault point is required to be checked along a power supply line and an intelligent sensing node, and the fault point is difficult to find out in time generally. And fourthly, for a multi-node wireless sensor network, the sensor network is heavy and redundant, and has extremely poor mobility. Discrete manufacturing enterprises have many types of workshops, the position relation of various types of processing equipment is very complicated, and some AGV trolleys and other equipment are in a continuous moving state. Wired powering of nodes in such a manufacturing environment would not match the shop production environment.
The green modification and upgrade of the manufacturing industry are enhanced, the low carbonization, the circulation and the intensification are actively promoted, the resource utilization efficiency of the manufacturing industry is improved, and a high-efficiency clean low-carbon circulation green manufacturing system is constructed. The green manufacturing realizes light weight and resource circulation through the reutilization of harmful sources and the application of new energy. The green manufacturing mainly develops key technologies such as clean production, harmful source recycling, new energy recycling and the like around the whole life cycle. The chatter generated during the cutting process of the processing equipment of the intelligent internet of things manufacturing system has the following hazards: firstly, vibration marks appear between a workpiece and a cutter on the surface of the workpiece, the precision of the workpiece is reduced, and the use performance is influenced; in the machining process, the cutter and parts inside the machine tool are damaged by over fatigue, so that the service life of the cutter and the working efficiency of the machine tool are greatly reduced, and the machine tool cannot work normally in severe cases; influence the usability of the cutter and the machine tool, and reduce the processing efficiency.
According to the green concept, a hazard source, namely chatter energy, generated by processing equipment in a discrete manufacturing workshop needs to be recycled, the chatter energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the principle of energy acquisition, the electric energy is combined with a wireless sensor network technology of a sensing layer in intelligent manufacturing, wireless power supply of an intelligent sensing node is realized, various adverse effects caused by chatter are reduced and eliminated, meanwhile, the energy consumption is reduced, the service lives of a machine tool and a cutter are prolonged, the energy utilization efficiency of the manufacturing industry is improved, great economic benefits are generated, and green economy is realized.
There are mainly four ways to acquire and convert the flutter energy: electrostatic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and magnetostrictive. Compared with an electrostatic type, an electromagnetic type and a magnetostriction type, the piezoelectric vibration power generation device has the advantages of simple structure, high energy density, no need of extra huge accessories (such as coils, permanent magnets and the like), compatibility with a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) processing technology and the like, and can directly utilize electromotive force generated by vibration under the condition of no need of any starting voltage, so that the reliability is obviously enhanced for a structural health monitoring System and a wireless node monitoring System which are in a working state for a long time.
The machining equipment of the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system cuts vibration to enable the voltage output by the energy acquisition device to be alternating, and the micro electronic equipment (intelligent sensing node) needs stable direct-current voltage, so an energy acquisition circuit needs to be designed between the energy acquisition device and the intelligent sensing node. Usually, the energy harvesting device is connected with a full-bridge rectifier circuit (SEH), but the effect of the full-bridge rectifier circuit directly used in the power generation system is not ideal, because of the internal clip capacitor C of the piezoelectric vibrator0Due to the existence of the voltage and the current, certain phase difference always exists, so that the full-bridge rectifying circuit has reactive power, and the acquisition efficiency is low. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency of the flutter energy acquisition system, researchers have proposed various nonlinear energy extraction circuits, but some of the current nonlinear energy extraction circuits are too complex to implement, and need more external control circuits, which consume more energyThe power consumption of the system seriously affects the acquisition efficiency of the system. In addition, these circuits all adopt discrete components, and are large in size and not beneficial to integration.
The invention discloses a micro-energy control acquisition circuit (CN 103580290B). the micro-energy acquisition circuit provided by the invention only comprises a rectifying and filtering module, realizes the conversion of alternating voltage-direct voltage, outputs nearly smooth direct voltage, still has voltage fluctuation and small fluctuation of input voltage or current, and can cause the change of output voltage, and most electric equipment (such as an intelligent sensing node) only works under stable direct voltage. Therefore, the output voltage of the circuit cannot meet the requirement of supplying power to the intelligent sensing node.
The thesis 'self-sensing type inductance synchronous switch energy acquisition circuit', the parallel inductance synchronous switch piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit provided can finish detection and control only by means of an analog circuit, and dependence on external equipment and energy is avoided. The switching-on time of the switch is automatically controlled by means of peak value detection and comparison of the output voltage of the piezoelectric sheet, so that the energy collection efficiency is obviously improved, but the output voltage of the circuit fluctuates, and when the input voltage or current fluctuates slightly, the output voltage changes, so that the purpose of supplying power for the intelligent sensing node cannot be achieved.
In conclusion, it can be known from analysis that at the present stage, the flutter energy, which is a hazard source generated in the operation process of processing equipment in a discrete manufacturing workshop, needs to be recycled, according to an energy acquisition principle, an energy acquisition device is used for converting the flutter energy into alternating current energy, and then an energy acquisition circuit is designed for converting the alternating current energy into continuous and stable direct current voltage so as to supply power to an intelligent sensing node in a wireless sensing network, thereby realizing the combination of green manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the flutter energy of the processing equipment of the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system collected by the energy collecting device in the operation process, carries out alternating current-direct current conversion on the collected energy, and stabilizes the converted direct current voltage to obtain continuous and stable 5V direct current voltage to supply power for the intelligent sensing node.
In one aspect, a processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system is provided, the processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for the intelligent internet of things manufacturing system comprising: the extreme value detection circuit comprises a positive value detection circuit, a negative value detection circuit and a first inductor and is used for detecting positive and negative extreme values of the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator; the rectification filter circuit comprises a rectifier bridge and a filter capacitor and is used for controlling the stability of output voltage; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a triode, a voltage stabilizing diode and a resistor and is used for providing stable voltage for the super capacitor; the storage and load circuit comprises a super capacitor and a load resistor and is used for providing continuous and stable voltage for the intelligent sensing node; and the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator comprises an alternating current source and a capacitor and is used for simulating the real working state of the piezoelectric vibrator.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the positive value detection circuit includes an envelope detector, a comparator, and a self-powered electronic switch, the envelope detector of the positive value detection circuit includes a first resistor, a first diode, and a first extremum detecting capacitor, the comparator of the positive value detection circuit includes a first PNP transistor and a second diode, and the self-powered electronic switch of the positive value detection circuit includes a third diode and a first NPN transistor.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the negative detection circuit includes an envelope detector, a comparator, and a self-powered electronic switch, the envelope detector second resistor, the sixth diode, and the second diode detection capacitor of the negative detection circuit, the comparator of the negative detection circuit includes a second NPN transistor and a fifth diode, and the self-powered electronic switch of the negative detection circuit includes a fourth diode and a second PNP transistor.
According to some exemplary embodiments, one end of the first resistor, a base of the first PNP transistor, an anode of the third diode, a cathode of the fourth diode, a base of the second NPN transistor, one end of the second resistor, and an input end of the rectifier bridge are connected, the other end of the first resistor, an anode of the first diode, one end of the first detection capacitor, and an emitter of the first PNP transistor, a collector of the first PNP transistor is connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is connected to a base of the first NPN transistor, a cathode of the third diode is connected to a collector of the first NPN transistor, an anode of the fourth diode is connected to a collector of the second PNP transistor, an emitter of the second PNP transistor is connected to an anode of the fifth diode, a cathode of the fifth diode is connected to a collector of the second NPN transistor, an anode of the sixth diode, a cathode of the second PNP transistor, and an emitter of the second NPN transistor are connected to a collector of the second NPN transistor, One end of the second detection capacitor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second NPN tube, the emitting electrode of the first NPN tube, the emitting electrode of the second PNP tube and one end of the first inductor are connected, and the other end of the first inductor, the other end of the first detection capacitor and the other end of the second detection capacitor are connected.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the rectifying and filtering circuit includes a rectifier bridge circuit and a filter capacitor; and one end of the first resistor, the base of the first PNP tube, the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the fourth diode, the base of the second NPN tube, one end of the second resistor and the input end of the rectifier bridge are connected, the other end of the first inductor, the other end of the first detection capacitor, the other end of the second detection capacitor and the other input end of the rectifier bridge are connected, the output anode of the rectifier bridge is connected with one end of the filter capacitor, and the output cathode of the rectifier bridge is connected with the other end of the filter capacitor.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a third NPN transistor, a first voltage stabilizing diode, and a protection resistor; and the output anode of the rectifying and filtering circuit, one end of the protective resistor and the collector of the third NPN tube are connected, the base of the third NPN tube, the other end of the protective resistor and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode are connected, and the output cathode of the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the storage and load circuit includes a super capacitor and a load resistor, the emitter of the third NPN transistor, one end of the super capacitor and the load resistor are connected, and the anode of the zener diode, the other end of the super capacitor and the other end of the load resistor are connected.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator includes an alternating current source and a clip capacitance; and one end of the alternating current source, one end of the clamping piece capacitor and one end of the first resistor are connected, and the other end of the alternating current source, the other end of the clamping piece capacitor and the other end of the first resistor are connected.
In another aspect, a machining equipment cutting chatter energy collection method for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system is provided, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an extreme value detection circuit is constructed by utilizing the positive pole value detection circuit, the negative pole value detection circuit and the first inductor, and the positive and negative extreme values of the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator are detected;
step two: a rectifying and filtering circuit is constructed by utilizing a rectifying bridge and a filtering capacitor, and the stability of output voltage is controlled;
step three: a voltage stabilizing circuit is constructed by using a triode, a voltage stabilizing diode and a resistor, and stable voltage is provided for the super capacitor;
step four: a storage and load circuit is constructed by utilizing a super capacitor and a resistor, and continuous and stable voltage is provided for an intelligent sensing node; and
step five: an equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator is constructed by using an alternating current source and a capacitor, and the real working state of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated.
In yet another aspect, a method for collecting machining equipment cutting chatter energy for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system is provided, wherein the method utilizes the machining equipment cutting chatter energy collecting circuit for the intelligent internet of things manufacturing system.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can provide continuous and stable direct current voltage for the intelligent sensing node by adjusting the final load value of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system and the value of the voltage stabilizing diode.
(2) The voltage stabilizing circuit provided by the invention can be used for realizing that when the output current of the piezoelectric vibrator is abnormally changed, the output of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system is not influenced and is still continuous and stable direct-current voltage.
(3) The voltage stabilizing circuit of the invention realizes the amplification of output load current and increases the load capacity of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of processing equipment for an intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system.
(4) The cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system is completely self-starting and self-powered, can continuously acquire the cutting flutter energy in the environment, improves the energy acquisition efficiency of the whole circuit, and reduces the use cost.
(5) The invention realizes the wireless power supply of the intelligent sensing node, and has the advantages that: the investment is low. Cables do not need to be arranged in the application, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved. And secondly, the expansibility is strong. The addition and deletion of the nodes in the wireless sensor network can be realized only by establishing or disconnecting communication between the added or deleted nodes and the sensor network without rearranging cables. And the inspection and maintenance are easy to realize, and time and labor are saved. When wired power supply is carried out, once a fault occurs, a power supply line and an intelligent sensing node need to be checked, and a fault point is generally difficult to find out in time; by adopting a wireless power supply mode, only the intelligent sensing node needs to be checked, the method is convenient and fast, and the network communication can be quickly recovered. High adaptability. The method can adapt to the complex position relation of various workshops and processing equipment of a manufacturing enterprise and the production environment of equipment in a continuous moving state. The construction engineering period is short, and the installation is simple and rapid. When a wireless sensor network is to be established in a plurality of manufacturing workshops, a wired power supply mode is adopted, cables need to be arranged after the arrangement of the sensing nodes is completed, and a wireless power supply mode is adopted, the arrangement of the sensing nodes is only needed, in contrast, the wireless power supply mode can quickly establish the sensing network, and the engineering period is greatly shortened.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of a processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit involved in a method for an intelligent IoT manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an extremum detecting circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit rectifying and filtering circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage regulator circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a storage and load circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a natural charge phase extremum detection circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the extremum detecting circuit during a first phase of the piezoelectric voltage reversal involved in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the extremum detecting circuit during a second phase of the piezoelectric voltage reversal involved in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the extremum detecting circuit during a charge neutralization phase involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a positive half cycle rectifier and filter circuit involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the negative half cycle rectifier and filter circuit involved in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of a process equipment cutting chatter energy harvesting circuit output voltage waveform for an intelligent IoT manufacturing system involved in a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a model of an equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric vibrator involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 14 is a theoretical waveform of a machining equipment cutting chatter energy harvesting circuit for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system involved in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the disclosure without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the disclosure.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items.
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a cutting chatter energy harvesting circuit for processing equipment of an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system. The cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit comprises an extreme value detection circuit, a rectification filter circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a storage and load circuit.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the extremum detecting circuit includes a positive value detecting circuit, a negative value detecting circuit, and a first inductor L1. The positive pole value detection circuit comprises an envelope detector, a comparator, a self-powered electronic switch and a first resistor R1A first diode D1First, aExtreme value detection capacitor C1Envelope detector constituting positive electrode value detection circuit, first PNP tube Q1A second diode D2A comparator constituting an anode value detection circuit, a third diode D3A first NPN transistor Q2The electronic switch constituting the positive pole value detection circuit detects the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator by the positive pole value detection circuit in the positive half period. When the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator reaches a positive extreme value, the first NPN tube Q2Conducting, piezoelectric vibrator inner clamping piece capacitance C0First extreme value detection capacitor C1Respectively connected with the first inductor L1Serially connected to generate LC oscillation, and the capacitance between the inner clamping pieces of the piezoelectric vibrator0And a first extreme value detection capacitor C1The charge accumulated in the first inductor is transferred to the first inductor. Immediately after 1/2 oscillation period, the positive pole detection circuit disconnects the first NPN transistor Q1Then will be stored in the first inductor L1The energy is transferred to subsequent circuits. The negative pole value detection circuit comprises an envelope detector, a comparator, a switch and a second resistor R2A sixth diode D6A second-pole detection capacitor C2Envelope detector constituting negative electrode value detection circuit, and second NPN transistor Q4A fifth diode D5Comparator, fourth diode D, constituting a negative value detection circuit4A second PNP tube Q3And a switch constituting the negative pole value detection circuit, wherein the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator is detected by the negative pole value detection circuit in a negative half cycle. When the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator reaches a negative extreme value, the second PNP tube Q3Conducting, piezoelectric vibrator inner clamping piece capacitance C0A second-pole detection capacitor C2Respectively connected with the first inductor L1Serially connected to generate LC oscillation, and the capacitance between the inner clamping pieces of the piezoelectric vibrator0And a second-pole detection capacitor C2The charge accumulated on the upper side is transferred to the first inductor L1In (1). After 1/2 oscillation period, the negative pole value detection circuit immediately turns off the second PNP tube Q4Then will be stored in the first inductor L1The energy is transferred to subsequent circuits.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the specific working steps of the extremum detecting circuit are as follows.
In step 1.1, the extreme detection capacitor is charged. The sinusoidal displacement excitation is applied from the time zero, and the voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator increases from zero as the displacement increases. At this time, the current loops are as shown by arrows in fig. 6, all the triodes are disconnected, except that the two envelope detection circuits are connected, and the first extreme value detection capacitor C is connected1A second-pole detection capacitor C2And (6) charging.
In step 1.2, the piezoelectric voltage is switched for the first time. When the open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator reaches the maximum value, the displacement excitation starts to be reduced, then the open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator starts to be reduced from the maximum value, and then the first PNP tube Q1And conducting. Capacitor C1Starting discharge in the path of Q1-D2- Q2-L1So that the NPN tube Q2Conducting to form a new resonant circuit Y1-D3-Q2-L1-Y1Causing the piezoelectric vibrator to be rapidly short-circuited. The whole process is shown by the arrow in fig. 7.
In step 1.3, the piezoelectric voltage is reversed a second time. Through the first inductor L1Changes the direction of the current. Due to the unidirectional conductivity characteristic of the diode, D3Off, charge movement path L1-Q3-D4-Y1-L1As indicated by the arrows in fig. 8. It is worth noting that no matter the PNP tube Q3If the switch is turned on, a parasitic capacitance without charging exists between the collector and the emitter, which may cause misjudgment of correct closing of the switch. So that there is a resistance R2The loss caused by the parasitic capacitance is compensated to ensure the accuracy of the detected voltage value.
In step 1.4, the charge is neutralized. The current path is as shown by the arrow in fig. 9, and after the second voltage reversal, the first NPN transistor Q2A second PNP tube Q3All of which are in an off state, but the second polarity value detects the capacitance C2Is not completed, but continues until the second polarity detection capacitor C2Is transferred to the first extreme value detection capacitor C1And a chip capacitor C of the piezoelectric vibrator0All three have the sameThe voltage of (c).
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the rectifying and filtering circuit includes a rectifying bridge circuit and a filter capacitor Cr. First resistor R in extreme value detection circuit1One end of (1), a first PNP tube Q1Base electrode of, third diode D3Anode of (2), fourth diode D4Negative electrode of (1), second NPN tube Q4Base electrode of, second resistor R2One end of (A)Andthe input ends of the rectifier bridges are connected, and a first inductor L in the extreme value detection circuit1The other end, the first extreme value detection capacitor C1The other end and a second pole value detection capacitor C2The other end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the other input end of the rectifier bridge, the positive output electrode of the rectifier bridge is connected with one end of the filter capacitor Cr, and the negative output electrode of the rectifier bridge is connected with the other end of the filter capacitor Cr.
For example, the rectifier bridge circuit of the rectifier filter circuit may include four diodes D7、 D8、D9、D10Such as MDA 2500. The filter capacitor Cr of the rectifying and filtering circuit can be a common capacitor.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the rectifying and filtering circuit may operate as follows.
In step 2.1, during the positive half cycle, D8、D10Applying a forward voltage to conduct, D7、 D9The reverse voltage is applied and the current path is shown in fig. 10.
In step 2.2, during the negative half-cycle, D9、D7Applying a forward voltage to conduct, D8、D10The reverse voltage is applied and the circuit path is as shown in fig. 11.
In step 2.3, the rectifier bridge circuit utilizes the forward conduction and reverse cut-off characteristics of the diode to perform alternating current-direct current conversion during the disconnection period of the resonant circuit, so that the first inductor L is connected with the first inductor L1The alternating voltage is converted into single-phase pulsating voltage, wherein the maximum reverse voltage which the diode on the rectifier bridge needs to bear is 1.314 times of the input voltage of the rectifier bridge, and the average current which the diode needs to bear is half of the output current of the rectifier circuit. The single-phase pulsating voltage contains DC component and AC componentThe output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with a filter capacitor Cr in parallel, the alternating current component in the pulsating voltage output by the rectifier bridge is filtered by utilizing the characteristic that the voltage at the two ends of the filter capacitor can not change suddenly, only the direct current component is reserved, then the smooth and stable direct current voltage is output, the discharging time constant RC formed by the load value of a subsequent circuit and the filter capacitance value can influence the pulsating degree of the output voltage, and when the discharging time constant RC is larger, the smoother the output voltage after filtering is.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4 in combination, the voltage regulation circuit may include a transistor, a zener diode, and a resistor. For example, the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a third NPN tube Q5A voltage stabilizing diode D14Protection resistor R3. The output anode and the protective resistor R of a rectifier bridge circuit in the rectifier filter circuit3And a third NPN tube Q5Is connected with the collector of the third NPN transistor Q5Base electrode and protective resistor R3The other end and a voltage stabilizing diode D14The negative electrode of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the output negative electrode of the rectifier bridge circuit and the voltage stabilizing diode D14Is connected to the positive electrode. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, negative feedback technology is adopted to further stabilize the voltage after the rectification filtering.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage stabilizing circuit may operate according to the following steps.
In step 3.1, a third NPN transistor Q is utilized5The principle of negative feedback, the variation of output voltage is used to control the third NPN transistor Q5The resistance value between the collectors maintains the output voltage basically unchanged, amplifies the output current of the voltage stabilizing circuit and increases the load capacity of the voltage stabilizing circuit. When the input voltage U of the voltage stabilizing circuitiIncreasing or loading current IRReduce to the output voltage URIncreasing the U of the triodeBEIs reduced to thereby make IB、ICReduce UCEIncrease, thereby making URIs substantially unchanged. Similarly, when the input voltage Ui increases or the load current IRIncrease, URIs substantially unchanged.
In step 3.2, a zener diode D is utilized14And a protective resistor R3Voltage stabilizing circuit for forming silicon voltage stabilizing tubeProviding a stable reference voltage U to the base of the transistorzUsing a protective resistor R of the transistor3The transistor is operated in a proper operation state.
In step 3.3, the working principle of the voltage stabilizing circuit is utilized, and a proper voltage stabilizing diode D is selected according to the requirements of the input voltage and the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit14The simulation result of the continuous and stable direct-current voltage provided for the intelligent sensing node is shown in fig. 12.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the storage and load circuit includes a super capacitor and a load resistor. For example, the storage and load circuit comprises a super capacitor Ct, a load resistor R4. An emitter of a third NPN tube Q5, one end of a super capacitor Ct and a load resistor R in the voltage stabilizing circuit4One end is connected with the voltage stabilizing diode D14The anode, the other end of the super capacitor Ct and the other end of the load resistor are connected. In the embodiment of the disclosure, the intelligent sensing node is equivalent to a load resistor R4The storage and load circuit stores the electric energy output by the voltage stabilizing circuit by utilizing the charge and discharge electrode block of the super capacitor Ct and the characteristic of high power density, and provides continuous and stable direct-current voltage for the intelligent sensing node.
Referring to fig. 13, an equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator is constructed using an ac source and a capacitor. The equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator comprises an alternating current source IMAnd chip capacitor C0. The alternating current source IMOne terminal, clip capacitor C0One terminal and the first inductor L1One end is connected. The alternating current source IMAnother terminal, a chip capacitor C0The other end and the first inductor L1The other end is connected.
When the external excitation motion displacement u changes in a sine function, the piezoelectric vibrator is regarded as an alternating current source IMA capacitor C connected in parallel with the above-mentioned clamping piece0To illustrate, the topology diagram is shown in fig. 13.
IMAnd f each represents the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal AC power supply, the equivalent current I flowing out of the piezoelectric vibrator1Comprises the following steps:
assuming that the mechanical vibration displacement U is equal to-UMcos (ω t), in combination with the following formula (2):
in the formula (2)
The first derivative of the mechanical vibration displacement with respect to time t,
alpha is the force factor, the first derivative of the voltage across the clip capacitance C0 with respect to time t.
Obtaining:
combining the formula (1) and the formula (3) to obtain:
IM＝αωUM＝2πfαUM (4)
u in formula (4)MMaximum value of mechanical vibration displacement, IMIs the amplitude of the sinusoidal ac power supply, f is the frequency of the sinusoidal ac power supply, and ω is the angular frequency of the mechanical vibration displacement.
Specifically, the method for analyzing the output performance of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent internet of things manufacturing system in the fourth step is as follows:
the piezoelectric vibrator equivalent circuit model shown in fig. 13 was used instead of the piezoelectric vibrator Y shown in fig. 11And the theoretical waveform of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system is shown in figure 14. At time t1, the first inductance L1First extreme value detection capacitor C1And piezoelectric vibrator clamping piece capacitor C0The resonant circuit LC is formed as a resonant circuit,the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator is inverted from Vr to-V after half cycle of the oscillation circuitmLet us assume that the flip coefficient is γ (0)<γ <1) And then:
Vm＝γVr (5)
v in formula (5)mFor the piezoelectric vibrator outputting voltage after turning over, VrAnd outputting a voltage extreme value for the piezoelectric vibrator.
The period of the resonant tank LC is small relative to the entire mechanical movement period, so the excitation displacement is at t1, t2]Is kept at a maximum value U during the time periodMThe output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator is unchanged, and the piezoelectric vibrator is turned over for the first time at the stage. Rapidly closing the first NPN tube Q at the time t22The resonant tank LC is closed, and the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator slowly increases from-Vm until T/2 is stabilized at-Vr. At the time point of T1+ T/2, the vibration displacement U reaches a displacement minimum value-UMWhen the negative pole value detection circuit detects that the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator reaches the negative extreme value, the second PNP tube Q is conducted3So that the first inductance L1And the inner clamping piece capacitor C of the piezoelectric vibrator0A second-pole detection capacitor C2Form a resonant circuit LC with excitation displacement of [ T1+ T/2, T2+ T/2]Is kept to a minimum value-U during a period of timeMAnd the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator is unchanged, and the piezoelectric vibrator is turned over for the second time at the stage. Quickly closing the second PNP tube Q at the time T2+ T/23The resonant tank LC is closed, and the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator increases gradually from Vm until time T becomes stable at Vr.
At [ t1, t2]In the time period, the electric charge flowing out of the piezoelectric vibrator flows into the inductor L only1In the middle, no flow into the subsequent circuit; at [ T2, T1+ T/2]Within the time period, the first NPN tube Q2Open, first inductance L1The power is transferred to the subsequent circuit, and no charge flows into the resonant tank due to the open circuit. At [ T1, T1+ T/2]Within the time period, according to the conservation of charge:
wherein I represents a current flowing from the piezoelectric vibrator, ILIndicating an inflow into the first inductance L1Current of (i)DThe current flowing when the rectifier bridge is conducted is represented, and the charge quantity generated in the system is as follows:
wherein alpha is a force factor at [ t1, t2 ]]Current i flowing into L during the time periodLEqual to the current I at the port1Then, the inflow first inductance L is obtained1The amount of charge of (a) is:
since the Vr is kept constant during half a cycle, the flowing capacitance C is known1Is 0, the charge flowing into the rectifier bridge is equal in number to the charge flowing into the load R, i.e.:
the united type (6) -formula (9) is as follows:
the output power of the energy harvesting circuit is obtained from equation (10):
under the condition that the excitation displacement is not changed, the output power of the energy acquisition circuit changes along with the change of the linear resistor R, and the optimal load Ropt obtained when dP/dR is equal to 0 is as follows:
the corresponding maximum output power at this time is:
under the condition that the exciting force is kept unchanged, the electric energy E recovered by a processing equipment cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system in a half mechanical periodHComprises the following steps:
energy E of system losssRefers to the energy lost by the LC oscillating circuit during the voltage flipping phase, namely:
the following can be obtained according to the law of conservation of energy in a half mechanical vibration period:
in the formula (16), C is the equivalent damping of the system.
Assuming that the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator by the external excitation force is as shown in (17):
u＝UMsin(ωt) (17)
assuming that the external excitation force is as shown in (18):
the formula (21) is obtained by combining the formula (5), the formula (13), the formula (14), the formula (15) and the following formulae (19) and (20):
the output power P is obtained by combining the vertical type (11) and the formula (21) under the condition that the exciting force is not changed:
the analysis of the formula (13) and the formula (22) shows that the output power of the cutting flutter energy acquisition circuit of the processing equipment for the intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system changes along with the resistance value of the load.
While the foregoing specification illustrates and describes the practice of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to other embodiments, and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A processing equipment cutting flutter energy collection circuit for an intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system is characterized by comprising:
the extreme value detection circuit comprises a positive value detection circuit, a negative value detection circuit and a first inductor and is used for detecting positive and negative extreme values of the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator;
the rectification filter circuit comprises a rectifier bridge and a filter capacitor and is used for controlling the stability of output voltage;
the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a triode, a voltage stabilizing diode and a resistor and is used for providing stable voltage for the super capacitor;
the storage and load circuit comprises a super capacitor and a load resistor and is used for providing continuous and stable voltage for the intelligent sensing node; and
the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator comprises an alternating current source and a capacitor and is used for simulating the real working state of the piezoelectric vibrator.
2. The processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the positive value detection circuit comprises an envelope detector, a comparator and a self-powered electronic switch, and wherein the envelope detector of the positive value detection circuit comprises a first resistor (R) and a second resistor (R) and a third resistor (R) respectively1) A first diode (D)1) And a first extreme value detection capacitance (C)1) The comparator of the positive pole value detection circuit comprises a first PNP tube (Q)1) And a second diode (D)2) The self-powered electronic switch of the positive value detection circuit comprises a third diode (D)3) And a first NPN tube (Q)2)。
3. The processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system according to claim 2, wherein the negative pole value detection circuit comprises an envelope detector, a comparator and a self-powered electronic switch, and wherein an envelope detector second resistor (R) of the negative pole value detection circuit2) And a sixth diode (D)6) And a second polarity detection capacitor (C)2) The comparator of the negative polarity detection circuit includes a second NPN transistor (Q)4) And a fifth diode (D)5) The self-powered electronic switch of the negative pole value detection circuit comprises a fourth diode (D)4) And a second PNP tube (Q)3)。
4. The processing equipment cutting chatter energy harvesting circuit for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system of claim 3, wherein the first resistor (R) is a resistor (R)1) One end of (1), a first PNP tube (Q)1) Base, third diode (D)3) Positive electrode of (D), fourth diode (D)4) Negative electrode of (1), second NPN tube (Q)4) Base electrode, second resistor (R)2) Is connected to the input of the rectifier bridge, said first resistor (R)1) Another terminal of (D), the first diode (D)1) Positive electrode of (2), first detection capacitor (C)1) And a first PNP tube (Q)1) The first PNP tube (Q)1) Collector and second diode (D)2) The anode of the second diode (D)2) Negative electrode of (1) and first NPN tube (Q)1) The base of the third diode (D), the third diode (D)3) Negative electrode of (1) and first NPN tube (Q)2) Is connected to the collector of the fourth diode (Q)4) Positive electrode of (2) and second PNP tube (Q)3) The collector electrode of the second PNP tube (Q)3) And the fifth diode (D)5) The anode of the fifth diode (D)5) And a second NPN tube (Q)4) Is connected to the collector of the sixth diode (D)6) Positive electrode of (2), second detection capacitor (C)2) And a second NPN tube (Q)4) Said first NPN tube (Q)2) Emitter electrode of (2), second PNP tube (Q)3) And first inductance (L)1) Is connected to said first inductor (L)1) Another terminal of (C), a first detection capacitor (C)1) And the other end of the first detection capacitor (C) and a second detection capacitor (C)2) The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
5. The processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for an intelligent IoT manufacturing system as recited in claim 4, wherein said rectifier filter circuit comprises a rectifier bridge circuit and a filter capacitor (C)r) (ii) a And
the first resistor (R)1) ToEnd, first PNP tube (Q)1) Base, third diode (D)3) Positive electrode of (D), fourth diode (D)4) Negative electrode of (1), second NPN tube (Q)4) Base electrode, second resistor (R)2) Is connected to the input of the rectifier bridge, said first inductance (L)1) Another terminal of (C), a first detection capacitor (C)1) The other end of (C), a second detection capacitor (C)2) Is connected with the other input end pole of the rectifier bridge, the output positive pole of the rectifier bridge is connected with the filter capacitor (C)r) Is connected with one end of the rectifier bridge, and the output cathode of the rectifier bridge is connected with a filter capacitor (C)r) The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
6. The intelligent machining equipment cutting flutter energy collecting circuit of the internet of things manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a third NPN tube (Q)5) A first voltage regulator diode (D)14) And a protective resistor (R)3) (ii) a And
the output anode and the protective resistor (R) of the rectifying and filtering circuit3) And a third NPN tube (Q)5) Is connected to the collector of the third NPN-tube (Q)5) Base electrode, protective resistor (R)3) And the other end of (D) and a zener diode14) Is connected with the negative pole of the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit, and the negative pole of the output of the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with a first voltage stabilizing diode (D)14) Is connected to the positive electrode.
7. The processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for an intelligent IoT manufacturing system according to claim 6, wherein the storage and load circuit comprises a super capacitor (Ct) and a load resistor (R)4) Said third NPN tube (Q)5) Emitter, super capacitor (C)t) And a load resistor (R)4) Are connected, the zener diode (D)14) Positive electrode of (2), super capacitor (C)t) Another terminal of (2) and a load resistor (R)4) The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
8. The machining equipment cutting chatter energy for intelligent internet of things manufacturing systems of claim 2Acquisition circuit, characterized in that the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator comprises an alternating current source (I)M) And a clip capacitor (C)0) (ii) a And
the alternating current source (I)M) One terminal, clip capacitor (C)0) And a first resistor (R)1) Is connected to said alternating current source (I)M) Another terminal of, a clip capacitor (C)0) And the other end of (C) and a first resistor (R)1) The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
9. A machining equipment cutting flutter energy collection method for an intelligent Internet of things manufacturing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an extreme value detection circuit is constructed by utilizing the positive pole value detection circuit, the negative pole value detection circuit and the first inductor, and the positive and negative extreme values of the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibrator are detected;
step two: a rectifying and filtering circuit is constructed by utilizing a rectifying bridge and a filtering capacitor, and the stability of output voltage is controlled;
step three: a voltage stabilizing circuit is constructed by using a triode, a voltage stabilizing diode and a resistor, and stable voltage is provided for the super capacitor;
step four: a storage and load circuit is constructed by utilizing a super capacitor and a resistor, and continuous and stable voltage is provided for an intelligent sensing node; and
step five: an equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric vibrator is constructed by using an alternating current source and a capacitor, and the real working state of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated.
10. A processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection method for an intelligent internet of things manufacturing system, wherein the method utilizes the processing equipment cutting chatter energy collection circuit for the intelligent internet of things manufacturing system according to any one of claims 1-8.
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