CN1130522C - 具有组合在一起的导向叶片的燃烧室 - Google Patents

具有组合在一起的导向叶片的燃烧室 Download PDF

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CN1130522C
CN1130522C CN97125541A CN97125541A CN1130522C CN 1130522 C CN1130522 C CN 1130522C CN 97125541 A CN97125541 A CN 97125541A CN 97125541 A CN97125541 A CN 97125541A CN 1130522 C CN1130522 C CN 1130522C
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guide vane
cooling air
gas turbine
combustion chamber
turbine
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CN1188210A (zh
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P·梅兰
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Alstom SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/042Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
    • F01D9/044Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators permanently, e.g. by welding, brazing, casting or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/023Transition ducts between combustor cans and first stage of the turbine in gas-turbine engines; their cooling or sealings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

通过将导向叶片1.1组合在相关的燃烧室1.2内,改进了具有设在燃烧室与涡轮工作轮之间的导向叶片的燃气轮机。也就是说,导向叶片1.1和有关的燃烧室壁1.2.1基本上设计成一体,并构成一个燃烧室-导向叶片组件1。此组件座落在燃气轮机装置3的冷的支承结构3.1内,两者共同构成冷却空气通道,这些通道使得有可能逆流冷却燃烧室。

Description

具有组合在一起的导向叶片的燃烧室
本发明涉及一种具有设在燃烧室与涡轮工作轮之间的导向叶片的燃气轮机。
燃气轮机在燃烧室与涡轮工作轮之间有一个构成独立组件的导向叶片组,它在功能和结构上基本上与相邻的组件如燃烧室和涡轮工作轮分开,并具有也是单独的在涡轮机壳内的固定装置。这种设计的缺点在于,每一个这种组件均须分别制造、单独装配,以及尤其是还必须相互调整,其结果是造成很高的费用。特别是这种结构需要极其大量的构件和伴随而来的各种综合性的缺点,其中包括生产和装配过程、运输重量直至尤其是热力学的工作特性。
本发明试图克服所有这些缺点。本发明的目的是提供一种具有设在燃烧室与涡轮工作轮之间的导向叶片的燃气轮机,它避免除了每个燃烧室组件外昂贵地单独制造和装配。
通过结合附图参阅下面的详细说明可更完整地理解本发明及许多附带的优点。其中:
图1按先有技术的导向叶片装置示意图;
图2通过按本发明的导向叶片装置的基本上沿径向的剖面(A-A剖面);
图3通过导向叶片组的两个相邻导向叶片的剖面B-B。
图中只表示了对于理解本发明为重要的构件;尤其是没有表示已知的和未改变的燃气轮机部分。
在一种具有设在每个燃烧室1.2与涡轮工作轮2之间的导向叶片1.1的燃气轮机中,按本发明此导向叶片组合在燃烧室壁1.2.1中并设计成它的一部分。它们意味着是一个基本上整体的燃烧室-导向叶片组件1。燃烧室壁1.2.1过渡为每个相关导向叶片1.1的壁,与后者不分离。此燃烧室-导向叶片组件1装在燃气轮机装置所谓冷的支承结构3.1内并由后者所支承。由于整个燃气轮机装置装配的原因,此燃烧室-导向叶片组件1设计为分开式的,因此形成了一个沿径向的外段和一个沿径向的内段1.B和1.A,在这种情况下半个导向叶片通过相应的界壁1.1.i彼此分割在每一个区段内,也就是说每个导向叶片1.1有一个对外封闭的沿径向的里面部分和沿径向的外面部分分别在一个相应的区段1.A或1.B内。每一个这种区段座落在燃气轮机装置一个有关的冷的支承结构3.1内。在每一个冷的支承结构3.1与配属于它的区段1.A或1.B之间设冷却空气通道4,后者部分地在导向叶片1.1内部延伸。在这种情况下,冷却空气通道4的入流口4.1设在冷的支承结构3.1中导向叶片1.1所在区内,因此实现了燃烧室壁1.2.1的逆流冷却。为了适应既定的热力学条件,在导向叶片1.1的冷却空气通道4内设有冷却空气的导向装置4.2,例如隔板或导流板。与如此构成的每半个叶片相应的区段的并因而将导向叶片1.1沿径向分割并互相相邻的界壁1.1.i,可至少有一个与相邻的界壁1.1.i对应的台阶1.1.k,作为用于降低漏泄损失的密封中。此外,每一个导向叶片1.1在其外表侧有冷却空气口1.1.m,这些冷却空气口最好,并根据既定的热力学条件,设在荼轮一侧(后缘)或将导向叶片1.1分成两个径向区段的界壁1.1.i区域内。在这种情况下,在界壁1.1.i中的冷却空气口1.1.m从内段1.A到外段1.B互相错开设置。
将导向叶片1.1分割为沿径向的内段和沿径向的外段1.A和1.B的高度,可根据具体的燃气轮机装置的既定条件,亦即最合理地制造(铸造技术)和冷却状况,位于沿径向完全的里面或沿径向完全的外面之间(0%和100%通道高度)。
相应于每半个导向叶片的区段的分割导向叶片1.1和彼此相邻的界壁1.1.i,可设置为相对于转子轴线任意倾斜。
采用导向叶片的这种组合式结构,使导向叶片成为燃烧室的延续部分,并具有附加的任务,即,使气流转向涡轮转子的工作叶片。因此可以取消通常结构非常复杂、分别制造和单独装配的导向叶片排。这样做还带来的效果是,减少或取消了通过装配造成的间隙引起的冷却空气损失(漏泄)。
此外,冷却空气几乎重新全部供入燃烧循环中,在这种情况下冷却空气通过逆流已经得到非常良好的预热。由于整体式的结构,所以冷却空气的损失显著减少。还有,由于逆流导引冷却空气,保证热负荷极高的导向叶片得到新鲜的并因而较冷的冷却空气,所以能更好地被冷却。此外,燃烧室和与之组合在一起的导向叶片的长度,大约缩短了第一个导向叶片排的轴向距离。由此还带来的优点是,用于第一级涡轮的第一个工作叶片排来自压缩机的冷却空气,不再经过此导向叶片排而直接供入此工作叶片排。其结果是明显缩短了冷却空气的路径,并因而减小了流动损失和要冷却的表面积;同时也简化了有关的燃气轮机装置部分的结构设计。此外,由于将燃烧室-导向叶片组件1分为两个区段,还可获得这样的优点,即,使冷却空气的加热在沿径向的外段和沿径向的内段之间大体上均匀分配。
因为按本发明冷却空气流基本上布置成串联,所以与按先有技术的冷却空气流的并联相比,在冷却的效率方面具有明显的优越性。此外,组合式的导向叶片设计,免除了冷却空气通过单独制备并置入的导向叶片周围的间隙造成的漏气损失。
显然,本发明可以在遵循上述种种教导的情况下作出各种修改和变化。因此,不言而喻,在所附权利要求的范围内本发明可以按与上面具体所述的不同方式实施。
            符号表1          燃烧室-导向叶片组件1.A        燃烧室-导向叶片组件的内段1.B        燃烧室-导向叶片组件的外段1.1        导向叶片1.1.i      导向叶片相应区段的界壁1.1.k      导向叶片相应区段的台阶1.1.m      冷却空气口1.2        燃烧室1.2.1      燃烧室壁2          涡轮工作轮3          燃气轮机装置3.1        冷的支承结构4          冷却空气通道4.1        入流口4.2        导向装置

Claims (8)

1.一种燃气轮机,包括:
一个涡轮工作轮;
一个由燃烧室壁形成的燃烧室;
至少一个设置在上述燃烧室和涡轮工作轮之间的导向叶片,上述至少一个导向叶片与上述燃烧室壁形成一体,从而界定一个整体式元件;
至少一个冷的支承结构,上述整体式元件支承在所述冷的支承结构中;以及
至少一条冷却空气通道,该冷却空气通道在一个导向叶片中且沿着所述燃烧室壁延伸,其中该冷却空气通道的一个冷却空气口被设置成邻近于所述导向叶片。
2.按照权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,所述冷却空气几乎全部被供入燃烧循环中。
3.按照权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,所述冷却空气通道由所述冷的支承结构与整体式元件界定。
4.按照权利要求3所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,所述冷却空气口设置在所述冷的支承结构中。
5.按照权利要求3所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,还包括设置在所述冷却空气通道中的导向件。
6.按照权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,整体形成的导向叶片和燃烧室壁包括一个沿径向的里面部分和一个沿径向的外面部分,所述的两部分具有相对的界壁。
7.按照权利要求6所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,所述界壁相对于所述工作轮的轴线倾斜。
8.按照权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,其特征为,所述导向叶片具有设置在其外表侧的冷却空气口。
CN97125541A 1996-12-13 1997-12-12 具有组合在一起的导向叶片的燃烧室 Expired - Fee Related CN1130522C (zh)

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DE19651881.4 1996-12-13
DE19651881A DE19651881A1 (de) 1996-12-13 1996-12-13 Brennkammer mit integrierten Leitschaufeln

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DE19651881A1 (de) 1998-06-18
CA2219421A1 (en) 1998-06-13
DE59709849D1 (de) 2003-05-22
CN1188210A (zh) 1998-07-22
EP0848210B1 (de) 2003-04-16
TW374821B (en) 1999-11-21
EP0848210A2 (de) 1998-06-17
JPH10184387A (ja) 1998-07-14
US5953919A (en) 1999-09-21
EP0848210A3 (de) 1999-11-17
CA2219421C (en) 2007-04-24

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