CN113051752A - Method for determining optimal heat source of high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining an optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal, which comprises the following steps: taking six-section steam extraction of a steam turbine of the coal-electric machine set as a basic heat source scheme, and comparing the static recovery years of all the schemes; if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is still greater than or equal to the basic scheme, the basic scheme is determined as the optimal heat source; and if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is smaller than that of the basic scheme, determining the scheme corresponding to the minimum value of the static recovery years as the optimal heat source. The invention provides a method for determining an optimal heat source of an air heater in an expansion energy release link by taking a minimum static recovery age as an objective function, and the method for determining the optimal heat source for heating air in an expansion power generation link of a high-pressure air energy storage system by taking the minimum static recovery age as the objective function for optimizing the heat source can provide technical reference for design and operation optimization of the high-pressure air energy storage system arranged on the side of a coal-electric machine set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power supply side air energy storage systems, and relates to a method for determining an optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system coupled with coal electricity.
Background
Carbon neutralization means that enterprises, groups or individuals measure and calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emission generated directly or indirectly within a certain time, and the emission of carbon dioxide generated by the enterprises, the groups or the individuals is counteracted through the forms of afforestation, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like, so that zero emission of the carbon dioxide is realized. To achieve carbon neutralization, there are generally two methods: one is the removal of greenhouse gases by special means, such as carbon compensation. And secondly, renewable energy is used, and carbon emission is reduced.
At present, the primary energy is of a single structure rich in coal, lean in oil and less in gas, and the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption is still high and reaches 57.7%. The energy structure has the problems of severe energy safety situation, large carbon emission reduction pressure, unreasonable energy consumption structure, prominent ecological environment problem, low energy utilization efficiency and the like. The method is one of important directions of energy transformation, and needs to vigorously develop offshore wind power, safely and efficiently develop nuclear power, actively develop large-scale hydropower in drainage basins and push coal to generate electricity efficiently and flexibly.
The grid connection of new energy such as photovoltaic and wind energy with extremely strong randomness and volatility characteristics has the problem of unstable network resonance different from the traditional power angle oscillation, and is necessary to carry out work in power grid planning and operation.
The large-scale energy storage devices are built on the power supply side, the power grid side and the user side, the operation flexibility and the safety of the power system are improved, and the method is an effective way for solving the problem of high-proportion consumption of new energy. The energy storage technology is divided into physical energy storage and chemical energy storage, wherein the former mainly comprises pumped storage, compressed air and the like, and the latter mainly comprises batteries, hydrogen energy storage and the like. The pumped storage technology is mature, the efficiency is high (about 75%), but the problems of geographical position limitation and the like exist, and the large-scale popularization is difficult; the battery energy storage technology has the advantages of fast response, small volume and short construction period, but has the defects of small capacity, short overall service life, large industrial pollution and the like; the hydrogen energy has high energy density, but the storage and transportation technology is not completely solved, and the energy cost is greatly increased. The compressed air energy storage technology has the characteristics of long service life, small environmental pollution, low operation and maintenance cost and the like, and has large-scale popularization and application potential.
The air energy storage is divided into two categories, namely low-temperature liquid and high-pressure gas according to the state of an air medium. The compressed air energy storage project in China is applied to the power grid side or the user side, and is mostly in a high-pressure gas state, or stored in waste salt mine, or stored in a customized steel tank. The high-pressure gas energy storage system is applied to a power grid side or a user side, and the heat is converted in time and space in a compression energy storage link and an expansion energy release link by arranging the heat storage system. The existing compressed air energy storage power generation system has a strong coupling relation between heat release of a compressor and heat absorption of an expander, and the efficient operation of the compressor and the expander is difficult to take into account: for an air expansion generator, the internal efficiency is in direct proportion to the inlet air temperature, and the air compression process is required to provide high-temperature heat; for air compressors, the most efficient would be multi-stage compression, inter-stage cooling, as close to isothermal compression as possible.
In the expansion energy-releasing power generation link, high-pressure normal-temperature air at the outlet of the high-pressure storage device is heated by a heat source at a certain position of the coal electric unit and then enters the air turbine generator set in a high-pressure high-temperature state to do work and generate power. The air expansion unit is of a single-cylinder structure, and the air expansion unit and the coal electric unit are integrated to transmit electric energy to a power grid. The coal-electric machine set is a heat carrier with huge capacity, various forms and various quality grades, heat is extracted from a boiler, a steam turbine and a circulating place of flue gas-steam-water of the coal-electric machine set to be used as a heating heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system, so that the overall economy of a large power generation system formed by the energy storage system and the coal-electric machine set is optimal, and no research result exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for determining an optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method for determining an optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal comprises the following steps:
taking six-section steam extraction of a steam turbine of the coal-electric machine set as a basic heat source scheme, and comparing the static recovery years of all the schemes;
if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is still greater than or equal to the basic scheme, the basic scheme is determined as the optimal heat source;
and if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is smaller than that of the basic scheme, determining the scheme corresponding to the minimum value of the static recovery years as the optimal heat source.
The invention further improves the following steps:
the static recovery age YiCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein, CiInvestment for the construction of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled to coal, MiIs the annual benefit of a high pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal.
The annual income M of the high-pressure air energy storage system coupled with coal electricityiCalculated according to the following formula:
Mi＝((Ntot,i-Nnet0)×H-Nch)×E (2)
wherein i is a certain heat source scheme, Ntot,iH is the annual utilization hour of the expansion link of the energy storage system, N is the net power output in the expansion linkchThe annual power consumption of the energy storage link of the high-pressure air energy storage system is shown, and E is the price of the on-line electricity; n is a radical ofnet0＝Ng-NcyNet on-grid electrical power for an isolated coal-electric unit not coupled to the high-pressure air energy storage system, where NgFor determining the generator power, N, at a given boiler evaporation rate QcyAnd providing the plant with electric power.
The net force on the net in the expansion link is calculated according to the following formula:
Ntot,i＝Ng-Ncy-Np+Nexp (3)
wherein N ispFor power consumption of circulating water pumps, NexpThe power is generated for the single-cylinder air turbine.
The single-cylinder air turbine generates power NexpCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein, Cp,aThe air has constant pressure specific heat capacity; m isaIs the air turbine inlet mass flow; t isin,airIs the air turbine inlet temperature; beta is the air turbine expansion ratio, and n is a multiple coefficient; etamAnd ηgeAir turbine mechanical efficiency and generator efficiency, respectively.
The circulating water pump consumes NpCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein m iswPumping water flow for circulating water; m isHThe water circulation pump lift is adopted; etapuAnd ηeThe efficiency of the circulating water pump and the motor are respectively; g is the acceleration of gravity.
The generator power N under the fixed boiler evaporation capacity QgCalculated according to the following formula:
Ng＝fg(Q,Qex) (6)
wherein Q isexThe heat exchange load transferred to the energy storage system for the coal electric unit.
The heat transfer process of the scheme of coupling the steam as a heat carrier with a heat source of a coal electric unit is realized, and the coal electric unit transfers heat exchange load Q to an energy storage systemexCalculated according to the following formula:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mste×(hste-hss) (7)
wherein, Cp,a,oAnd Cp,a,iIs the air constant pressure specific heat capacity of the outlet and the inlet of the air heater, to,aIs the air heater outlet temperature, ti,aIs the inlet air temperature of the air heater, msteFor heating the mass flow of steam, hsteAnd hssThe enthalpy of the inlet steam and the outlet water of the air heater are respectively.
The heat transfer process of the scheme of coupling the heat source of the coal electric unit is realized by taking circulating water as a heat carrier, and the heat exchange load Q transferred to the energy storage system by the coal electric unitexCalculated according to the following formula:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mw×Cp,w×(ti,w-to,w) (8)
in the formula, ti,wAnd to,wRespectively the temperature of the inlet water and the outlet water of the air heater, Cp,wThe specific heat capacity at constant pressure of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for determining an optimal heat source of an air heater in an expansion energy release link by taking a minimum static recovery age as an objective function, which is used for determining the optimal heat source for heating air in an expansion power generation link of a high-pressure air energy storage system by taking the minimum static recovery age as the objective function for optimizing the heat source and can provide technical reference for the design and operation optimization of the high-pressure air energy storage system arranged on the side of a coal-electric machine set.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for realizing coupling of a high-pressure air energy storage system and a heat source of a coal-electric machine set by taking steam as a heat carrier.
Wherein: 1-a boiler; 2-high pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 3-a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder; 4-low pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 5-a generator; 6-a condenser; 7-a circulating water pump; 8-a cooling water tower; 9-a condensate pump; no. 10-8 low pressure heater; 11-7 low pressure heater; number 12-6 low pressure heater; 13-5 low pressure heater; 14-a deaerator; 15-a water feed pump set; 16-3 high pressure heater; no. 17-2 high pressure heater; number 18-1 high pressure heater; 19-an air preheater; 20-low temperature economizer; 21-a dust remover; 22-low temperature economizer; 23-a draught fan; 24-a chimney; 25-a hydrophobic booster pump; 26-an electric motor; 27-a gear coupling; 28-an air compressor; 29-an air cooler; 30-high pressure air storage means; 31-an air heater; 32-air turbine generator set.
The optional heat source comprises a steam turbine 1-stage steam extraction, a steam extraction 2-stage steam extraction, a hot re-steam extraction, a steam extraction 3-stage steam extraction, a steam extraction 4-stage steam extraction, a steam extraction 5-stage steam extraction and a steam extraction 6-stage steam extraction, the steam extraction enters a steam-air heat exchanger, and drain water is pressurized by a booster pump 25 and then returns to a condenser of the coal electric unit.
Fig. 2 is a system schematic diagram of a high-pressure air energy storage system which realizes coupling with a heat source of a coal-electric machine set by using circulating water as a heat carrier.
Wherein: 1-a boiler; 2-high pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 3-a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder; 4-low pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 5-a generator; 6-a condenser; 7-a circulating water pump; 8-a cooling water tower; 9-a condensate pump; no. 10-8 low pressure heater; 11-7 low pressure heater; number 12-6 low pressure heater; 13-5 low pressure heater; 14-a deaerator; 15-a water feed pump set; 16-3 high pressure heater; no. 17-2 high pressure heater; number 18-1 high pressure heater; 19-high temperature flue gas-water heat exchanger; 20-an air preheater; 21-air preheater flue gas-water heat exchanger; 22-low temperature economizer; 23-a dust remover; 24-low temperature economizer; 25-a draught fan; 26-a chimney; 27-a hydrophobic booster pump; 28-an electric motor; 29-gear coupling; 30-an air compressor; 31-an air cooler; 32-a high pressure air storage device; 33-an air heater; 34-air turbine generator set.
The optional heat sources are: boiler flue gas in the economizer, in the air preheater, between the air preheater and the dust remover, and between the dust remover and the draught fan takes circulating water as a heat carrier, and heat of the flue gas at different positions is transferred to high-pressure normal-temperature air in front of an inlet of the air turbine generator set and behind an outlet of the high-pressure air storage device. And No. 7 low pressure heater outlet portion condensate.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heat source optimization process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually arranged when the product of the present invention is used, the description is merely for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the principle of the invention is as follows:
in a certain time, when the boiler evaporation Q or the standard coal consumption B is given, the on-line electric power N of the coal-fired generator setnetGenerating power N for a generatorgSubtracting the plant electric power Ncy。
In the expansion energy release link of the high-pressure air energy storage system, the on-grid electric power (namely, the electric quantity transmitted to a power grid) of the energy storage system is the generating power N of the air turbine generatorexp。
The high-pressure air energy storage system is coupled with a heat source of the coal-electric machine set, and the heat source is extracted from a certain position of steam-water thermal circulation or boiler flue gas flow of the coal-electric machine set and used for heating air in front of an inlet of the air turbine generator. For the coal electric unit, when the boiler evaporation Q or the standard coal consumption B is given, heat is supplied from a certain position of a steam-water circulation or flue gas flow, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the coal electric unit can be reduced, the output power of a turbonator is reduced, the higher the quality of the supplied heat is, the larger the heat is, and the larger the reduction range of the output power of the turbonator is. For a high-pressure air energy storage system, the inlet pressure and the flow of the air turbine generator are given, and the higher the inlet temperature is, the higher the output power of the air turbine generator is. Thus, there is an optimum heat source such that Nnet+NexpThe value is highest. However, the investment cost of newly-added equipment and pipeline systems is considered at the same time, the static recovery period can comprehensively reflect the correlation characteristics of the investment cost and the economic benefit of the heat source scheme, and the smaller the value of the static recovery period is, the more optimal the heat source scheme is comprehensively represented.
Specifically, a heat source is extracted from a steam-water circulation or boiler flue gas flow of the coal-fired power generating unit and used for heating high-pressure normal-temperature air in front of an inlet of an air expansion generator. The embodiment should fully consider the constructability of the heat pipe network, and from this point of view, the preferable heat source is: 1) the steam turbine heat recovery system extracts steam, a corresponding air heater is of a steam-air shell-and-tube structure, steam is introduced into a tube, air flows through the shell side, and drained water is pressurized by a drain pump and then returns to a condenser of the coal electric unit, and the attached drawing 1 shows. 2) Different grades of flue gas in the flue gas flow of the boiler. The invention provides a coal-electric set boiler flue gas and energy storage air heating device, which is characterized in that flue gas specific volume is large, components are complex, and problems of thick flue gas pipeline, high construction difficulty, high investment and the like exist in the process of directly introducing flue gas to heat air, circulating water is arranged to be used as a heat carrier between the flue gas and the energy storage air of the coal-electric set boiler, and the flue gas is used for heating the energy storage air through a flue gas-water heat exchanger, an air-water heat exchanger, a circulating water pump. 3) The No. 7 low-pressure heater is directly led to the air heater, and the water returns to the condenser of the coal electric unit after releasing heat, and the heating mode essentially heats the air by utilizing the seven-section steam extraction and the eight-section steam extraction of the steam turbine of the coal electric unit, which is shown in the attached figure 2.
The high-pressure air energy storage system enters an expansion energy-releasing power generation link, the power grid also requires the maximum output operation of the coal-electric machine set, the boiler evaporation capacity Q is at the designed maximum load, and the corresponding standard coal consumption B is the maximum value. The coal-electricity unit thermal process is a typical Rankine cycle, heat is output at a certain position of a steam-water thermal system and boiler side flue gas, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency and the electric output are influenced, and the calculation method are very mature. The coal electric unit and the energy storage system form a large whole, and the expansion link is the total on-line electric power NtotCalculated as follows:
Ntot＝Ng-Ncy-Np+Nexp (1)
the expansion work of the high-pressure high-temperature air in the turbine generator is changed into a variable process, and n is called a variable coefficient and is related to the loss in the flowing process. Single cylinder air turbine power generation NexpCalculated as follows:
in the formula: cp,aThe specific heat capacity is the constant pressure of air, kJ/kg.K; m isaThe mass flow of the air turbine inlet is kg/s; t isin,airAir turbine inlet temperature, deg.C; beta is the air turboexpansion ratio, defined as the ratio of the outlet pressure to the inlet pressure; etamAnd ηgeRespectively air turbine mechanical efficiency and generator efficiency%
Under the condition that the air flow and the expansion ratio of the expansion machine are basically constant, the key parameters for determining the work of the expansion machine are the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the air and the inlet temperature of the air. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure can be approximately written as a single-valued function of temperature, and is calculated according to the formula (3). Therefore, the expander work is closely related to the air inlet temperature.
The high-pressure air energy storage system is coupled with a heat source of the coal-electric machine set, the additionally arranged power consumption equipment is a water pump, and the power consumption N is NpCan be directly measured by an electric energy meter.
By the optimization method provided by the invention, the optimal design of the expansion link of the air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal can be obtained.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 3:
referring to fig. 3, the method for determining the optimal heat source of the high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal according to the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: basic data preparation
1) Air heater heat transfer process calculation
(1) The heat transfer process of the scheme of coupling the steam as a heat carrier with a heat source of a coal-electric machine set is realized, and the attached figure 1 shows.
The air heater is a steam-air shell-and-tube heat exchange structure with a hydrophobic cooling section, steam is introduced into the tube, and air flows on the shell side. Upper end difference delta of air heateruDefined as the heating steam saturation temperature ts(Pste) And outlet air temperature to,aThe difference value is influenced by the superheat degree of the heating steam, the area of the heat exchanger, the structure of the heat exchange tube bundle and other factors, and the design stage is determined. Air heater outlet air temperature to,aCalculated as follows:
to,a＝ts(Pste)-δu (4)
lower end difference deltalDefined as the air heater steam trap temperature tssAnd inlet air temperature ti,aIs determined in the design phase. Air heater drainage temperature tssCalculated as follows:
tss＝ti,a+δl (5)
high-pressure air energy-storage power generation system, air mass flow m from outlet of high-pressure air storage devicea(kg/s), air temperature ti,aGiven, for different sources of heating steam: one-stage steam extraction, hot re-steam, cold re-steam, three-stage steam extraction, four-stage steam extraction, five-stage steam extraction and six-stage steam extraction, structural parameters of air heater and upper end difference deltauLower end difference deltalDetermined in the design phase, the air outlet temperature to,aHydrophobic temperature tssCalculated according to equations (4) and (5).
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the coal-electric machine set transfers the heat exchange load Q to the energy storage systemexCalculated according to the following formula:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mste×(hste-hss) (6)
in the formula, Cp,a,oAnd Cp,a,iThe constant pressure specific heat capacity of air at the outlet and the inlet of the air heater is kJ/kg.K; h issteAnd hssEnthalpy, kJ/kg, of inlet steam and outlet water drainage of the air heater is respectively checked on a water vapor table according to pressure and temperature of the steam and the water drainage.
The mass flow m of the heating steam can be calculated according to the formula (3)ste，kg/s。
(2) The heat transfer process of the scheme of coupling the circulating water as a heat carrier with a heat source of the coal-electric machine set is realized, and the scheme is shown in an attached figure 2.
Because the specific volume of seven sections of extraction steam, eight sections of extraction steam, boiler flue gas of coal-electric machine group is big, the pipe diameter of steam conduit or flue gas pipeline is very big, the construction degree of difficulty is big, the investment is big, and the specific heat capacity and the density of water all are far more than low pressure steam, boiler flue gas, can regard as the heat carrier between low pressure steam, or boiler flue gas and the energy storage system air.
The air heater arranged on the high-pressure air energy storage system side is of a water-air shell-and-tube heat exchange structure, water is introduced into the tube, and air flows on the shell side. The flue gas-water heat exchanger arranged on the flue gas side of the boiler of the coal electric unit is of a shell-and-tube heat exchange structure, water is introduced into the tube, and the flue gas flows on the shell side.
The heat source can be divided into two types:
a: one is that the condensed water at the outlet part of the No. 7 low-pressure heater is directly led to an air heater, and the condensed water returns to a condenser of the coal electric unit after releasing heat. The heating mode is essentially that the outlet air of the high-pressure air storage device is heated by utilizing seven-section steam extraction and eight-section steam extraction of a steam turbine of the coal-electric machine set. Upper end difference delta of air heateruIs defined as the temperature t of the entering wateri,wAnd outlet air temperature to,aThe difference value of (A) is influenced by factors such as the area of the heat exchanger, the structure of the heat exchange tube bundle and the like, and the design stage is determined.
Air heater outlet air temperature to,aCalculated as follows:
to,a＝ti,w-δu (7)
lower end difference deltalIs defined as the air heater outlet water temperature to,wAnd inlet air temperature ti,aIs determined in the design phase. The outlet water temperature of the air heater is calculated according to the following formula:
to,w＝ti,a+δl (8)
high-pressure air energy-storage power generation system, air mass flow m from outlet of high-pressure air storage device to air heatera(kg/s), air temperature ti,aGiven, the air outlet temperature t of the air heatero,aTemperature t of water outleto,wCalculated according to equations (7) and (8), the air heater heat transfer load is calculated according to the following equation:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mw×Cp,w×(ti,w-to,w) (9)
in the formula, Cp,a,oAnd Cp,a,iThe constant pressure specific heat capacity of air at the inlet and the outlet of the air heater is kJ/kg.K.
According to formula (9)Calculating the water mass flow m from the outlet of the No. 7 low-pressure heater to the air heaterw，kg/s。
B: the other type takes circulating water as a medium, absorbs the heat of the boiler flue gas in a flue gas-water heat exchanger of the coal electric unit, and then transfers the heat to air by an air heater.
Difference delta at the upper end of the flue gas-water heat exchangerguDefined as the inlet flue gas temperature ti,gAnd outlet circulating water temperature to,wThe difference of (a) and the smoke sources of different sources are as follows: the upper end difference of the flue gas-water heat exchanger is influenced by factors such as flue gas temperature, heat exchanger area, heat exchange tube bundle structure and the like in the economizer, the air preheater, between the air preheater and the dust remover, between the dust remover and the induced draft fan and the like, and the design stage is determined.
Outlet circulating water temperature t of flue gas-water heat exchangero,wCalculated as follows:
to,w＝ti,g-δgu (10)
lower end difference deltaglIs defined as the outlet flue gas temperature t of the flue gas-water heat exchangero,gAnd inlet circulating water temperature ti,wIs determined in the design phase. Flue gas temperature t at outlet of flue gas-water heat exchangero,gCalculated as follows:
to,g＝ti,w+δgl (11)
neglecting the heat dissipation loss of the circulating water pipeline between the flue gas-water heat exchanger and the air heater, the outlet water temperature of the flue gas-water heat exchanger is considered to be equal to the inlet water temperature of the air heater, and the outlet water temperature of the air heater is considered to be equal to the inlet water temperature of the flue gas-water heat exchanger. The heat exchange calculation of the air heater is referred to as formula (7) and formula (8).
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the heat release amount of the flue gas at the flue gas-water heat exchanger at the coal electric unit side is equal to the heat absorption amount of the air in the air heater at the energy storage system side, and the calculation is carried out according to the formula (12).
In the formula, Cp,g,iAnd Cp,g,oThe constant pressure specific heat capacity of the flue gas at the inlet and the outlet of the flue gas-water heat exchanger is kJ/kg.K, mgIs the mass flow of the flue gas flowing through the flue gas-water heat exchanger in kg/s.
2) The construction investment of a compression energy storage link such as a compressor, a pipeline, a high-pressure air storage device and the like is given, and the difference of the construction investment C of a high-pressure air energy storage system coupled with coal electricity by adopting different heat source schemes is reflected in the matching transformation of an air heater, an air turbine generator set, a steam/water drainage/circulating water pipeline and equipment related to the coupling of the coal electricity and an energy storage heat source, a heat source of a coal electricity set and the like.
3) The boiler evaporation capacity Q under each working condition in the optimizing process is the same, and under different heat source schemes and under the condition that the boiler evaporation capacity Q of the coal-electric machine set is fixed, the power N of the generatorgWith external heat supply quantity QexThe correlation of (1).
Ni,g＝fi(Q,Qex) (13)
And i is the ith heat source scheme.
4) Under different heat source schemes, the correlation between the power consumption of the circulating water pump and the water flow and the lift is realized.
mwPumping out water flow, kg/s, for circulating water; m isHM is the lift of the circulating water pump; etapuAnd ηeEfficiency of the electric circulating water pump and the motor is percent respectively; g is gravity acceleration, 9.81m/s2；
Scheme using steam as heat carrier, mwIs the steam drainage flow rate, mHThe device consists of a height difference between a steam-air heat exchanger and a coal electric condenser, pipeline flow resistance and the like.
Heat source scheme using circulating water as heat carrier, mwIs the flow rate of circulating water between coal-electricity flue gas and energy storage air, mHBy overcoming the resistance of the flue gas-water heat exchanger, the air-water heat exchanger and the circulating water pipeline, andequipment height difference and the like.
5) The calculation of the air turbine generator power is correlated.
See formula (2).
Step 2: calculating net on-grid output corresponding to each heat source scheme
Referring to fig. 3, under each heat source scheme, the net on-grid electric power in the expansion link is calculated by the coal electric machine set and the high-pressure air energy storage system, which is shown in the following formula.
Ni,tot＝Ng-Ncy-Np+Nexp (15)
And step 3: annual income calculation
And defining the annual utilization hour H and the net surfing electricity price E (yuan/kWh) of the expansion link of the energy storage system.
Isolated coal-electric machine set, generator power N under fixed boiler evaporation Qg0(kW) and service electric power Ncy(kW)。Nnet0＝Ng-Ncy(kW)。
Under each heat source scheme, the annual benefit of the high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal is calculated according to the following formula.
Mi＝((Ntot,i-Nnet0)×H-Nch)×E (16)
In the formula, NchThe annual power consumption of the high-pressure air energy storage system in the compression energy storage link is kWh. The parameters such as air mass flow/storage pressure, structural form of an air compressor and the like are given, and the annual power consumption N of the compression process of each heat source schemechThe same is true.
And 4, step 4: static return on investment age calculation
The static investment recovery years under each heat source scheme reflect the quality of the technical economy of the scheme. Calculated as follows.
And 5: optimizing heat sources
And (3) taking the steam extraction of the 6 sections of the steam turbine of the coal-electric machine set as a basic heat source scheme, and comparing the static recovery years of all the schemes.
And if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is still greater than or equal to the basic scheme, the basic scheme is considered as the optimal heat source.
And if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is smaller than that of the basic scheme, determining the scheme corresponding to the minimum value of the static recovery years as the optimal heat source.
The invention provides a method for determining an optimal heat source of an air heater in an expansion energy release link by taking the minimum value of a static recovery age limit as an objective function, which is suitable for optimal heat source optimization design of an air turbine generator set with a single-cylinder structure.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for determining an optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking six-section steam extraction of a steam turbine of the coal-electric machine set as a basic heat source scheme, and comparing the static recovery years of all the schemes;
if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is still greater than or equal to the basic scheme, the basic scheme is determined as the optimal heat source;
and if the minimum value of the static recovery years of all the schemes is smaller than that of the basic scheme, determining the scheme corresponding to the minimum value of the static recovery years as the optimal heat source.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the static recovery age Y is an optimal heat source for a high pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled to coaliCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein, CiInvestment for the construction of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled to coal, MiIs the annual benefit of a high pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal.
3. The method for determining the optimal heat source of a coal-electric coupled high-pressure air energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the annual profit M of the coal-electric coupled high-pressure air energy storage systemiCalculated according to the following formula:
Mi＝((Ntot,i-Nnet0)×H-Nch)×E (2)
wherein i is a certain heat source scheme, Ntot,iH is the annual utilization hour of the expansion link of the energy storage system, N is the net power output in the expansion linkchThe annual power consumption of the energy storage link of the high-pressure air energy storage system is shown, and E is the price of the on-line electricity; n is a radical ofnet0＝Ng-NcyNet on-grid electrical power for an isolated coal-electric unit not coupled to the high-pressure air energy storage system, where NgFor determining the generator power, N, at a given boiler evaporation rate QcyAnd providing the plant with electric power.
4. The method for determining the optimal heat source of the coal-electric coupled high-pressure air energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein the net force output in the expansion link is calculated according to the following formula:
Ntot,i＝Ng-Ncy-Np+Nexp (3)
wherein N ispFor power consumption of circulating water pumps, NexpThe power is generated for the single-cylinder air turbine.
5. The method for determining the optimal heat source of a high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal according to claim 4, wherein the single-cylinder air turbine power generation power NexpCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein, Cp,aThe air has constant pressure specific heat capacity; m isaIs the air turbine inlet mass flow; t isin,airIs the air turbine inlet temperature; beta is the air turbine expansion ratio, and n is a multiple coefficient; etamAnd ηgeAir turbine mechanical efficiency and generator efficiency, respectively.
6. The method for determining the optimal heat source of the high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with coal according to claim 4, wherein the circulating water pump consumes N of powerpCalculated according to the following formula:
wherein m iswPumping water flow for circulating water; m isHThe water circulation pump lift is adopted; etapuAnd ηeThe efficiency of the circulating water pump and the motor are respectively; g is the acceleration of gravity.
7. The method for determining the optimal heat source of the high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the generator power N at the determined boiler evaporation Q isgCalculated according to the following formula:
Ng＝fg(Q,Qex) (6)
wherein Q isexThe heat exchange load transferred to the energy storage system for the coal electric unit.
8. The method for determining the optimal heat source of the high-pressure air energy storage system electrically coupled with the coal as claimed in claim 7, wherein the heat transfer process of the heat source coupling scheme with the coal-electric machine set is realized by taking steam as a heat carrier, and the coal is used as the coalHeat exchange load Q transmitted to energy storage system by motor setexCalculated according to the following formula:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mste×(hste-hss) (7)
wherein, Cp,a,oAnd Cp,a,iIs the air constant pressure specific heat capacity of the outlet and the inlet of the air heater, to,aIs the air heater outlet temperature, ti,aIs the inlet air temperature of the air heater, msteFor heating the mass flow of steam, hsteAnd hssThe enthalpy of the inlet steam and the outlet water of the air heater are respectively.
9. The method for determining the optimal heat source of the coal-electricity-coupled high-pressure air energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein the heat transfer process of the heat source coupling scheme with the coal-electricity unit is realized by taking circulating water as a heat carrier, and the heat exchange load Q transferred to the energy storage system by the coal-electricity unit is transferred to the coal-electricity unitexCalculated according to the following formula:
Qex＝ma×(Cp,a,o×to,a-Cp,a,i×ti,a)＝mw×Cp,w×(ti,w-to,w) (8)
in the formula, ti, w and to, w are the temperature of water entering and exiting the air heater respectively, and Cp and w are the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the water.
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