CN113048488A

CN113048488A - Biomass fuel feeding system

Info

Publication number: CN113048488A
Application number: CN202110405680.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李煜; 杨伟; 陈维新; 刘海; 丁堂文; 王定国; 唐文萍; 何卫东
Original assignee: Chongqing Sanfeng Covanta Environmental Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Sanfeng Covanta Environmental Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-15
Filing date: 2021-04-15
Publication date: 2021-06-29

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass fuel feeding system, and belongs to the field of biomass combustion equipment. The system comprises a feeding subsystem, a water cooling subsystem and a fire prevention subsystem which are connected in sequence; the feeding subsystem is used for receiving biomass fuel and pushing the fuel into an incineration hearth; the feeding subsystem comprises a feeding device, a distributing device, a storing device, a feeding device and a material level monitoring device, and is characterized in that a movable part in the feeding subsystem is driven by hydraulic drive, and comprises a sealing device and a feeding device; the water cooling subsystem is used for cooling and protecting a part structure connected with the hearth; the fire prevention subsystem is used for preventing the biomass fuel from igniting and burning at the receiving, storing and feeding parts, and is provided with a fire prevention spraying system and a temperature measuring device. The problem of biomass fuel to feed arrangement's thermal radiation influence is solved, prevent that biomass fuel from burning in feed arrangement.

Description

Biomass fuel feeding system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of biomass combustion equipment, and relates to a biomass fuel feeding system.

Background

The biomass energy is a renewable energy source, is an energy form in which solar energy is stored in the biomass in a chemical energy form, and is energy taking the biomass as a carrier, and is directly or indirectly derived from photosynthesis of green plants and can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass energy is used in many ways, and among them, direct combustion is used as the most common and widespread way of using biomass energy to convert solar energy stored in biomass into heat energy.

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of biomass combustion, the technology of a vibrating grate and a high-temperature and high-pressure steam boiler is applied to biomass combustion for power generation or heat supply. The vibrating grate consists of a vibrating mechanism, an air chamber, a support piece and a grate water cooling wall, wherein the grate water cooling wall consists of a full-film wall, a plurality of primary air vent holes are formed in the grate water cooling wall, the air chamber is arranged below the grate water cooling wall, primary air enters the hearth from small holes in the water cooling wall after entering the air chamber, and oxygen is input for biomass fuel to be combusted. The water cooling vibrating grate has several feeding modes, including screw conveying feeding, pneumatic feeding, push rod feeding, etc.

The push rod type feeding device is large in feeding amount and stable continuously, and is applied to biomass incineration power generation projects in recent years.

In order to solve the problem that the biomass fuel is easy to catch fire in the conveying process and meet the requirement of continuously, stably, safely and reliably feeding the biomass fuel to a biomass boiler, a set of complete and reliable process flow and a control method are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a biomass fuel feeding system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a biomass fuel feeding system comprises a feeding subsystem, a water cooling subsystem and a fire prevention subsystem which are connected in sequence;

the feeding subsystem is used for receiving biomass fuel and pushing the fuel into an incineration hearth;

the feeding subsystem comprises a feeding device, a distributing device, a storing device, a feeding device and a material level monitoring device, and is characterized in that a movable part in the feeding subsystem is driven by hydraulic drive, and comprises a sealing device and a feeding device;

the water cooling subsystem is used for cooling and protecting a part structure connected with the hearth;

the fire prevention subsystem is used for preventing the biomass fuel from igniting and burning at the receiving, storing and feeding parts, and is provided with a fire prevention spraying system and a temperature measuring device.

Optionally, the feeding mechanism of the feeding subsystem is a horn-shaped structure and receives the biomass conveyed from the outside.

Optionally, the distributing device is connected at the feeder hopper entry, evenly sets up a plurality of distributing devices, and the fuel that outside transport was come passes through the distributing device dispersion is come, with fuel evenly distributed in the feeder hopper.

Optionally, the material storage device is arranged between the material pusher and the feed hopper, and stores incoming materials from the feed hopper to form a material seal, so that the inner and outer isolation of a feed inlet of the biomass boiler is realized; the storage device is provided with a sealing device.

Optionally, the pushing device comprises a pushing platform and a pushing trolley, the pushing platform is arranged at the bottom of the storage device, the pushing trolley is of a push rod type structure and moves linearly and reciprocally on the pushing platform to push fuel at the bottom of the storage device into the biomass incinerator.

Optionally, the sealing device is provided with a rotating mechanism, when the furnace is started or stopped, the storage device does not have fuel, and when the material seal cannot be formed, the rotary sealing device closes the feed port of the biomass boiler, so that the feed port of the biomass boiler is isolated from the inside and the outside, and the high-temperature smoke is prevented from overflowing.

Optionally, the hydraulic drive realizes the reciprocating linear motion of the pushing trolley and the opening of the sealing device;

the water cooling subsystem surrounds the feeder and is connected with a hearth of the biomass incinerator, and the water cooling subsystem cools equipment by adopting circulating water, resists the influence of heat radiation of the hearth and is used for improving the temperature of the feeder and the area of the upper space of the feeder;

the water cooling subsystem comprises a water cooling sleeve, a water inlet structure, a water outlet structure, a water drainage structure and an air release structure.

Optionally, the fire prevention subsystem sets up in feed platform upper portion, storage device middle part and feeder hopper bottom, adopts spraying extinguishing device, the supporting temperature-detecting device of every group spraying device.

Optionally, the feeding subsystem is controlled by detecting with a 3-layer level meter, and the level meter is divided into a low level, a low level and a high level, the low level and the low level are arranged in a storage device, and the high level is arranged in a feeding hopper;

when the fuel is lower than the low material level, reminding external feeding;

when the fuel is lower than the low material level, alarming and reminding, stopping feeding the material pushing trolley into the incinerator, and starting to reduce the combustion load of the biomass combustion boiler until the fuel is higher than the low material level;

stopping external feeding when the fuel is higher than the high material level;

hydraulic drive control, including the reciprocating linear motion control of the pushing trolley and the opening and closing control of the sealing isolation door;

the material pushing trolley is controlled by reciprocating linear motion, 3 limit switches are adopted to collect position signals, and the position signals are started, calculated movement speed position signals and stopped; the starting position signal controls the pushing trolley to start advancing or controls the trolley to retreat and stop; the calculated movement speed position is between the starting position and the stopping position, is close to the starting position, has fixed distance and is used for calculating the speed of the step-by-step control of the trolley; the stopping position signal controls the trolley to move forwards and stop or controls the trolley to move backwards;

the material pushing trolley is controlled step by step, and the control method comprises the following steps:

calculating the speed of the trolley: the distance from the starting position to the position for calculating the moving speed of the pushing trolley is S, the time is t0, and the speed v of the pushing trolley is calculated to be S/t;

the trolley advances and is controlled step by step: if the whole travel of the trolley is L, the distance from the movement speed position to the stop position is calculated to be (L-S), in the travel of the (L-S), if the material pushing trolley is divided into n steps, the required time of each step is t1, meanwhile, the stay time of each step is set to be t2, and the material pushing trolley step-by-step control method comprises the following steps: advancing each step by t1, and stopping at t2 until the last stopping position of the pushing trolley stops;

controlling the trolley to retreat: the trolley moves backwards without adding control logic and directly moves backwards from the stop position until the start position stops.

Optionally, the sealing device rotation control method includes: the starting position and the stopping position are adopted for control, and when the sealing device normally runs, the sealing device is normally opened; when the furnace is started and stopped, the sealing isolation door is closed;

the control method of the circulating water cooling subsystem comprises the following steps: controlling the on-off of the circulating water cooling by adopting a temperature measuring signal and an electromagnetic valve; when the water temperature in the water cooling jacket exceeds a set high temperature value, the opening of the electromagnetic valve of the water inlet pipe is controlled through a temperature measuring signal, and cooling water begins to circulate in the water cooling jacket; when the water temperature inside the water cooling jacket is lower than a set low temperature value, the closing of the electromagnetic valve of the water inlet pipe is controlled through a temperature measuring signal, and the cooling water stops circulating;

the control method of the fire protection subsystem comprises the following steps: the temperature measurement signal and the electromagnetic valve are adopted to control the on-off of the spraying device; when fuel in the feeding device is subjected to flameout combustion, the temperature of a combustion position exceeds a set high temperature value, the corresponding position controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve of the water inlet pipe through a temperature measuring signal, water is sprayed out through the spraying device to achieve the fire extinguishing effect, and when the temperature is lower than the set value, the electromagnetic valve of the water inlet pipe of the spraying device is closed, and the spraying is stopped.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem of biomass fuel to feed arrangement's thermal radiation influence is solved, prevent that biomass fuel from burning in feed arrangement.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a feed subsystem and control flow diagram.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a water cooling subsystem and control flow.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a fire protection subsystem and control flow.

Reference numerals: the device comprises a feeding subsystem 1, a feeding hopper 1.1, a distributing device 1.2, a material storing device 1.3, a sealing device 1.4, a feeding device I1.5, a feeding device II 1.6, a feeding device drive 1.7, a sealing device drive 1.8, a low material level 1.9, a low material level 1.10, a high material level 1.11, a starting position 1.12, a movement speed calculating position 1.13, a stopping position 1.14, a water cooling subsystem 2, a water cooling sleeve 2.1, a temperature measuring device I2.2, an electromagnetic valve I2.3, a fire prevention subsystem 3, a temperature measuring device II 3.1, a spraying device 3.2 and an electromagnetic valve II 3.3.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the process flow and the control method of the biomass fuel feeding system of the embodiment include a feeding subsystem 1, a water cooling subsystem 2, and a fire prevention subsystem 3.

The biomass fuel is mainly received by the feeding subsystem 1, the fuel is pushed into an incineration hearth, and the biomass fuel incinerator comprises a feeding hopper 1.1, a material distribution device 1.2, a material storage device 1.3, a first feeding device 1.5, a second feeding device 1.6, a first material level monitoring device and a second material level monitoring device, and movable parts in the feeding subsystem are driven by hydraulic driving, and the biomass fuel incinerator comprises a feeding device driving 1.7 and a sealing device driving 1.8.

The feed hopper 1.1 of the feeding subsystem, as a horn-like structure, mainly receives externally conveyed biomass.

Distributing device 1.2 is connected at the feeder hopper entry, can evenly set up several distributing device 1.2, and the fuel that outside transportation was come is dispersed through these distributing device 1.2 and is come, realizes that fuel evenly distributed is in feeder hopper 1.1.

The material storage device 1.3 is arranged among the first feeding device 1.5, the second feeding device 1.6 and the feed hopper 1.1, stores incoming materials from the feed hopper 1.1 to form a material seal, and realizes the internal and external isolation of a feed port of the biomass boiler; in addition, the magazine 1.3 is provided with a sealing device 1.4.

The pushing device is composed of a first feeding device 1.5 and a second feeding device 1.6 and is arranged at the bottom of the material storage device 1.3, the pushing trolley 1.6 adopts a push rod type structure and makes reciprocating linear motion on the first feeding device 1.5, and fuel at the bottom of the material storage device 1.3 is pushed into the biomass incinerator.

Sealing device 1.4 adopts rotary mechanism, and when opening, blowing out, storage device 1.3 does not have the fuel, when not forming the material and sealing, rotary sealing device 1.4 closed biomass boiler feed inlet for the inside and outside isolation of biomass boiler feed inlet prevents that the high temperature flue gas is excessive.

The hydraulic drive mainly realizes the reciprocating linear motion of the pushing trolley 1.6 and the opening and closing action of the sealing device 1.4.

The control method for the feeding subsystem mainly adopts a 3-layer level meter for detection and comprises the steps of low-low level 1.9, low-low level 1.10 and high level 1.11, wherein the low-low level 1.9 and the low-low level 1.10 are arranged in a storage device 1.3, and the high level 1.11 is arranged in a feed hopper 1.1.

When the fuel is lower than the low level by 1.9, the external feeding is reminded.

When the fuel is lower than the low material level by 1.10, alarming and reminding, stopping feeding the material pushing trolley into the incinerator, and starting to reduce the combustion load of the biomass combustion boiler until the fuel is higher than the low material level by 1.9.

When the fuel is above the high level of 1.11, the external feed is stopped.

The feeding device drives 1.7, and mainly completes the reciprocating linear motion control of the pushing trolley 1.6.

The material pushing trolley 1.6 is controlled by reciprocating linear motion, 3 limit switches are adopted to collect position signals, a signal of a starting position 1.12, a signal of a position of calculating the motion speed 1.13 and a signal of a stopping position 1.14 are adopted. The signal of the starting position 1.12 controls the pushing trolley 1.6 to start to advance or controls the trolley 1.6 to retreat and stop; the calculated movement speed position is between the starting position 1.12 and the stopping position 1.14, is close to the starting position 1.12, has a fixed distance, and is used for calculating the speed of the material pushing trolley 1.6 in step control; the stop position signal controls the pushing trolley 1.6 to move forward and stop or controls the pushing trolley 1.6 to move backward.

The material pushing trolley 1.6 is controlled step by step, and the control (method) logic is as follows.

Calculating the speed of the trolley: the distance from the starting position 1.12 to the movement speed calculating position 1.13 when the pushing trolley 1.6 advances is S, the time used is t0, and v which is the speed of the pushing trolley can be calculated as S/t.

The trolley advances and is controlled step by step: if the whole stroke of the material pushing trolley 1.6 is L, the distance from the movement speed position 1.13 to the stopping position 1.14 is calculated to be (L-S), in the stroke of the (L-S), if the material pushing trolley 1.6 is divided into n steps, the required time of each step is t1, meanwhile, the stopping time of each step is set to be t2, the step-by-step control method of the material pushing trolley 1.6 is that each step advances by t1, and stops by t2 until the last stopping position 1.14 of the material pushing trolley 1.6 stops.

Controlling the trolley to retreat: the pushing trolley 1.6 retreats without adding control logic, and directly retreats from the stop position 1.14 until the start position 1.12 stops.

The sealing device 1.4 method for controlling the rotary motion. The starting position 1.15 and the stopping position 1.16 are adopted for control, and when the sealing device operates normally, the sealing device 1.4 is normally opened; when starting and stopping the furnace, the sealing device 1.4 is closed.

The water cooling subsystem 2 mainly carries out cooling protection on the feeding device I1.5 and the feeding device II 1.6 which are connected with the hearth, influences of hearth heat radiation are resisted, meanwhile, the area temperatures of the feeding device I1.5, the feeding device II 1.6 and the upper space of the feeding device II are improved, and in order to complete control over the water cooling subsystem, a water cooling sleeve 2.1, a temperature measuring device I2.2 and an electromagnetic valve I2.3 are arranged.

The water cooling jacket 2.1 is a sandwich structure intercommunication structure, cold water enters from the inlet, forms hot water after exchanging heat, and hot water flows out from the outlet.

The first temperature measuring device 2.2 measures the water temperature of the water cooling jacket 2.1.

And the first electromagnetic valve 2.3 is used for controlling the water inlet and outlet of the water cooling jacket.

And the water cooling subsystem is used for transmitting a temperature measuring signal of the temperature measuring device I2.2 to the electromagnetic valve I2.3 and setting a temperature value to control the opening and closing of circulating water. When the temperature of the water in the water cooling jacket 2.1 exceeds a set high temperature value, the opening of the electromagnetic valve I2.3 of the water inlet pipe is controlled by a signal of the temperature measuring device I2.2, cooling water enters the water cooling jacket 2.1, flows out after heat exchange, and circulates. When the temperature of the water in the water cooling jacket 2.1 is lower than a set low temperature value, the closing of the electromagnetic valve I2.3 of the water inlet pipe is controlled by a signal of the temperature measuring device I2.2, and the circulation of cooling water is stopped.

The fire prevention subsystem 3 mainly prevents that the biomass fuel from appearing the burning of catching fire on the equal position such as feeder hopper 1.1, storage device 1.3 and feed platform 1.6, and the corresponding configuration temperature measuring device two 3.1, spray set 3.2 and solenoid valve two 3.3.

The fire protection subsystem. The temperature measuring device 3.2 signal and the electromagnetic valve II 3.3 are adopted to control the on-off of the spraying device 3.2. When fuel is ignited and burnt, the temperature of a burning part exceeds a set high temperature value, the opening of the second water inlet pipe electromagnetic valve 3.3 is controlled by the corresponding position through a 3.2 signal of the temperature measuring device, water is sprayed out through the spraying device 3.2, the fire extinguishing effect is achieved, when the temperature is lower than a set value, the second water inlet pipe electromagnetic valve 3.3 of the spraying device 3.2 is closed, and spraying is stopped.

Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass fuel feed system characterized by: the system comprises a feeding subsystem, a water cooling subsystem and a fire prevention subsystem which are connected in sequence;

2. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding mechanism of the feeding subsystem is of a horn-shaped structure and receives biomass conveyed from the outside.

3. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the distributing device is connected at the feeder hopper entry, evenly sets up a plurality of distributing devices, and the fuel that outside transport was come passes through the distributing device dispersion is come, with fuel evenly distributed in the feeder hopper.

4. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the storage device is arranged between the material pusher and the feed hopper, stores incoming materials from the feed hopper to form a material seal, and realizes the isolation of the inside and the outside of a feed port of the biomass boiler; the storage device is provided with a sealing device.

5. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the pushing device comprises a pushing platform and a pushing trolley, the pushing platform and the pushing trolley are arranged at the bottom of the storage device, the pushing trolley is of a push rod type structure and moves on the pushing platform in a reciprocating linear mode, and fuel at the bottom of the storage device is pushed into the biomass incinerator.

6. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing device is provided with a rotating mechanism, when the boiler is started and stopped, the storage device does not contain fuel, and when the material seal cannot be formed, the rotary sealing device closes the feed port of the biomass boiler, so that the feed port of the biomass boiler is isolated from the inside and the outside, and the high-temperature smoke is prevented from overflowing.

7. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic drive realizes the reciprocating linear motion of the pushing trolley and the opening of the sealing device;

8. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the fire prevention subsystem sets up in feed platform upper portion, storage device middle part and feeder hopper bottom, adopts the spray extinguishing device, the supporting temperature-detecting device of every group spray set.

9. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the control of the feeding subsystem adopts a 3-layer level meter for detection, and the system is divided into a low level, a low level and a high level, wherein the low level and the low level are arranged in a storage device, and the high level is arranged in a feed hopper;

when the fuel is lower than the low material level, reminding external feeding;

stopping external feeding when the fuel is higher than the high material level;

10. A biomass fuel feed system according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing device rotary motion control method comprises the following steps: the starting position and the stopping position are adopted for control, and when the sealing device normally runs, the sealing device is normally opened; when the furnace is started and stopped, the sealing isolation door is closed;