CN113042760B - Ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder - Google Patents
Ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113042760B CN113042760B CN202110158556.3A CN202110158556A CN113042760B CN 113042760 B CN113042760 B CN 113042760B CN 202110158556 A CN202110158556 A CN 202110158556A CN 113042760 B CN113042760 B CN 113042760B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for a powder feeder, which comprises a plurality of metal main body frames, a connecting mechanism, fixed ports, a mobile power supply-controller integrated module, an external charging and control port, a vibration regulator, an ultrasonic transducer, a mechanical rotor vibration motor and a thin-wall metal funnel arranged in a powder cylinder of the powder feeder. The thin-wall metal funnel is an arc-shaped wall surface, and the inner wall of the powder cylinder and the side wall of the funnel are wrapped to form an arc-shaped closed cavity. When the funnel works, the vibration of the funnel wall and the cavity resonate in a coordinated mode, effective vibration of the wall surface is promoted and maintained, and finally the purpose of improving powder flowability is achieved. The auxiliary vibration device can be quickly and additionally arranged on various powder feeding devices; the synchronous powder feeder applied to laser additive manufacturing effectively solves the bottleneck problem that the synchronous powder feeding equipment for laser additive manufacturing has high requirements on powder flowability, and effectively reduces the production cost of laser additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vibrating mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to a solid material sorting vibration auxiliary device.
Background
With social development and industrial progress, higher performance requirements are put forward for materials, requirements for environmental protection and the like are considered, and the additive manufacturing technology is widely concerned and greatly advanced in recent years. The materials used for additive manufacturing are raw material wires or powder, and due to good adjustability and flexibility, the raw materials selected for additive manufacturing at present are mainly powder.
However, due to the high flexibility of the powder, the differences of particle size, sphericity, micro-morphology, flowability and the like of the powder can have a significant influence on the actual additive manufacturing. The most important of these is the powder feeder necessary for additive manufacturing, which is very diverse, but the core idea is to deliver the initially accumulated powder at a constant rate that is as stable as possible. This requires that the powder maintains good fluidity either under the action of gravity or during stirring by mechanical equipment, and if the powder fluidity is poor, the powder will have a problem of failure such as blockage, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of additive manufacturing.
In the existing solution, an improved powder feeding device which is developed around mechanical vibration is common, and as most vibration sources are mechanical vibration units such as various vibration motors and the like, the problems of low vibration frequency, poor amplitude controllability, limited service life of the device and the like always exist, and in addition, the problems of poor maintainability caused by the overstock of the powder feeding device and the like exist.
As one of the surface additive manufacturing technologies with the largest application potential at present, the laser cladding technology has made a great deal of progress in recent years, and with the progress of modern science and the development of industrial technology, high-power laser processing equipment and high-stability synchronous powder feeding equipment are gradually improved, so that the research on the laser surface additive manufacturing technology has also made an obvious progress, and the application field of the technology is continuously expanded. Due to the good absorption rate of the powder to high-energy-density laser, the additive manufacturing technology of laser cladding has a wide material application range, and related research reports show that: the application fields of related materials such as laser cladding and the like are developing from traditional metals and alloys to wider fields of inorganic nonmetal and even ceramic materials and the like. This provides a great deal of research support for bringing various technologies to practical use.
However, the synchronous powder feeding equipment for additive manufacturing such as laser cladding requires a certain fluidity of the powder so that the powder can be smoothly fed out. However, due to the limitations of powder manufacturing technology and cost, the conventional metal and alloy powder needs to be treated by means of gas atomization, plasma spheroidization and the like in order to obtain powder with better fluidity and sphericity, and the cost is far higher than that of low-fluidity powder obtained by conventional mechanical grinding; on the other hand, special materials such as ceramics and the like have special properties far superior to alloys, such as high-melting-point high-thermal-barrier ceramics, super-hard inorganic non-metals and the like, but the materials are difficult to obtain high-fluidity powder through a conventional spheroidizing method, and at present, low-fluidity powder can be obtained only through chemical synthesis, mechanical grinding and other methods, so that the development of the related high-performance additive manufacturing field is seriously influenced.
Therefore, if the difficulties of the above technology and the like can be solved, the rapid development of the laser additive manufacturing research and application fields can be greatly promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to comprehensively solve the existing problems, the invention provides an ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for a powder feeder, which can be used for a laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder. The device has the advantages that the limitation that the conventional synchronous powder feeding device for mainstream laser additive manufacturing has certain requirements on the sphericity and the fluidity of the powder is removed, the application field of the powder is greatly widened, and meanwhile, the application range of the device is ensured by the good portable and universal design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder comprises a plurality of metal main body frames and a connecting mechanism for sequentially connecting and fixing the plurality of metal main body frames end to end, wherein the plurality of metal main body frames are sequentially connected and fixed end to end through the connecting mechanism to form a cavity in a surrounding manner, and the inner wall of the cavity is tightly attached to the outer wall of a powder cylinder of the powder feeder. Further, the coupling mechanism may be composed of a hinge and an adjustable screw as in the embodiment, or other movable connection fixing modes may be selected.
The device further comprises: the device comprises an ultrasonic transducer fixed port, a vibration motor fixed port, a mobile power supply-controller integrated module, an external charging and control port and a vibration regulator, wherein the ultrasonic transducer fixed port, the vibration motor fixed port, the mobile power supply-controller integrated module, the external charging and control port and the vibration regulator are arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the metal main body frame. The mobile power supply-controller integrated module can meet the requirements of experimental-level medium-short term use and enterprise application-level emergency work, for example, the mobile power supply-controller integrated module in the embodiment totals 50Wh of energy and can work continuously for 2h under the output of 25W; and the external charging and control port can meet the long-time remote control and operation requirements. Further, the vibration regulator is a knob type vibration regulator,
the device further comprises: the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at the fixed port of the ultrasonic transducer, and the mechanical rotor vibration motor is arranged at the fixed port of the vibration motor, wherein the ultrasonic transducer adopts an adjustable low-power ultrasonic transducer; the vibration adjuster is used for manually adjusting the amplitude and the frequency of vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer and the mechanical rotor vibration motor.
The device also comprises a thin-wall metal funnel arranged in the powder cylinder of the powder feeder, wherein the thin wall of the thin-wall metal funnel is an arc-shaped wall surface, namely when the thin-wall metal funnel is arranged in the powder cylinder of the powder feeder, only the upper edge and the lower edge of the thin-wall metal funnel are respectively contacted with the top end and the bottom end of the inner wall of the powder cylinder, so that an arc-shaped closed cavity is formed by wrapping the inner wall of the powder cylinder and the side wall of the thin-wall metal funnel. Furthermore, the thin-wall metal funnel is arranged in a powder cylinder of the powder feeder, and the contact position of the thin-wall metal funnel and the powder cylinder is fixed by resin glue, so that the long-time stable work can be ensured; or directly rely on funnel self elasticity embedding fixed, can provide ideal detachability, tear the instant use to do not harm to former powder feeding barrel.
Furthermore, the thin wall thickness of the thin-wall metal funnel is 0.2-0.5 mm.
When the powder feeding device works, ultrasonic vibration is generated by an ultrasonic transducer and is quickly transmitted to the inner wall of the powder barrel through the rigid metal main body frame and the side wall of the metal powder barrel of the powder feeding device, because the whole powder barrel is rigid, the vibration is uniformly dispersed to the whole powder barrel, the vibration of the wall surface is weak at the moment, and the effect of improving the flowability of the powder cannot be realized, but because the thin-wall metal funnel is arranged in the powder barrel, the arc-shaped structure of the thin-wall metal funnel has good elasticity and has the effect similar to a string, high-frequency vibration is continuously amplified on the arc-shaped wall surface, and because of the cavity structure formed between the side wall of the funnel and the inner wall of the powder barrel, the continuously amplified vibration is in synergy resonance with the cavity, the effective vibration of the wall surface is further improved and maintained, the aim of improving the flowability of the powder is finally realized, the powder can smoothly pass through the funnel section which is most sensitive to the flowability, and the normal additive manufacturing and use of the powder with poor flowability is finally realized, the design purpose of the invention is realized.
Furthermore, the number of the ultrasonic transducers and the mechanical rotor vibration motors can be selectively adjusted according to the actual powder quality condition, so that the optimal effect is achieved. For example, for coarse irregular powder, the powder is not sensitive to high-frequency vibration, and the specific gravity of mechanical vibration is increased to promote uniform accumulation of the powder; aiming at the sensitivity of fine irregular powder to high-frequency vibration, the specific gravity of ultrasonic vibration is improved so as to avoid the adsorption and residue of the powder on the wall surface and the like. Of course, the number of ultrasonic transducers and mechanical rotor vibration motors used is limited to not exceed their corresponding port numbers.
Furthermore, the number of the metal main body frames can be set according to the shape, the size and the like of the outer wall of the powder feeding device powder cylinder, and the ports arranged on the metal main body frames, the setting positions of the vibration regulator, the mobile power supply-controller integrated module and the like can be arranged according to process requirements. In general, it is ensured that the vibrations provided during operation are distributed relatively evenly over the parts of the funnel. For example, in the embodiment of the invention, the outer wall of the powder cylinder of the powder feeder is circular, two completely symmetrical semicircular metal main body frames are adopted, and the two semicircular metal main body frames are connected end to end through a hinge and fixed outside the powder cylinder of the conventional synchronous powder feeding equipment. And according to the actual demand in the embodiment, 2 ultrasonic transducer fixed ports and 1 conventional mechanical rotor vibrating motor fixed port are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the two semicircular metal main body frames, and 4 ultrasonic transducer fixed ports and 2 conventional mechanical rotor vibrating motor fixed ends are added up, so that in use, a needed vibrator combination can be flexibly selected, for example, a combination of 2 ultrasonic transducers and 1 mechanical rotor vibrating motor is used, or 1 or 2 respectively and the like, and at most, 4 ultrasonic transducers and 2 mechanical rotor vibrating motors can be used for auxiliary vibration.
Further, the metal main body frame is made of light metal materials with higher specific strength, for example, aluminum alloy materials are adopted in the embodiment, so that the portability and the detachability of the device are improved, the self weight of the device is reduced, and the actual vibration effect is improved.
The invention also provides an application of the device, and the device is applied to the laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder. The limit of the synchronous powder feeding device for the existing mainstream laser additive manufacturing on the requirements of powder sphericity and fluidity is weakened, and the application field of the powder is greatly widened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the auxiliary vibration device has strong portability, can be used after being installed and can be quickly installed on various powder feeding equipment; the powder feeder is applied to the field of laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeders, and effectively solves the bottleneck problem that the field of synchronous powder feeding equipment for laser additive manufacturing has high requirements on powder flowability.
(2) According to the invention, the elastic arc-shaped sheet structure of the special resonance cavity replaces a funnel structure of the powder feeder which is most sensitive to powder flowability, and is matched with an external vibration source, so that the vibration dispersed at each position of the powder cylinder is effectively collected, and the normal conveying of the powder is realized in a manner of separating from the air and avoiding damage.
(3) By applying the device of the invention to the powder feeder, the same preparation quality can be realized by using low-cost irregular powder to replace high-cost spherical powder. For example, the laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder effectively reduces the laser additive manufacturing production cost and promotes technical application.
(4) The invention fills the blank of synchronous powder feeding multi-source resonance auxiliary equipment for laser additive manufacturing, greatly reduces the requirements on the flowability and the like of raw material powder in the laser additive manufacturing, effectively widens the selection range of the raw material powder, and provides an ideal equipment solution for the core proposition of revolutionary development from the raw material perspective and improvement on the application and performance of the whole laser additive manufacturing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an ultrasonic resonance assisting apparatus for a powder feeder according to each embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the ultrasonic resonance assisting device for the powder feeder according to each embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a disassembly schematic view of the ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder in each embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a thin-walled metal funnel in a powder cartridge of a powder feeder according to various embodiments.
Fig. 5 shows pure iron powder for high sphericity laser additive manufacturing required for cladding in application example 1.
Fig. 6 shows pure iron powder obtained by a low sphericity and low fluidity mechanical pulverization method required for cladding in application example 2.
FIG. 7 shows low sphericity and low fluidity TiB required for cladding in application example 32A ceramic powder.
Fig. 8 is a coating metallographic phase prepared using a pure iron powder for high sphericity laser additive manufacturing in application example 1.
Fig. 9 is a coating metallographic phase prepared by using a low sphericity low fluidity mechanically crushed pure iron powder of application example 2.
FIG. 10 shows application example 3 in which a low sphericity and low fluidity TiB was used2The coating prepared from the ceramic powder is metallographic.
In the figure, 1 is a semicircular metal main body frame, 2 is an adjustable ultrasonic transducer fixing port, 3 is a low-power ultrasonic transducer, 4 is a mechanical rotor vibration motor fixing port, 5 is a mechanical rotor vibration motor, 6 is a mobile power supply-controller integrated module, 7 is a knob type vibration regulator, 8 is an arc-shaped resonance cavity thin-wall metal funnel, 9 is a fixing hinge and an adjustable screw, and 10 is a powder cylinder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The design of the ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder of the embodiment is based on the application of the ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device to laser additive manufacturing, namely a synchronous powder feeder in a laser cladding device. In this embodiment, the structure of the ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device is shown in fig. 1-3, and comprises two semicircular metal main body frames (1), an adjustable ultrasonic transducer fixing port (2) is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the metal main body frame, a low-power ultrasonic transducer (3) can be placed and fixed in the port, a mechanical rotor vibration motor fixing port (4), a mechanical rotor vibration motor (5) placed at the port, a mobile power supply-controller integrated module (6), a knob type vibration regulator (7), and an external charging and control port.
In the embodiment, two semicircular metal main body frames are connected and fixed on the outer side of a powder cylinder of a synchronous powder feeder for laser additive manufacturing through a fixed hinge and an adjustable screw (9) and are attached to the outer wall of the powder cylinder (10); according to the actual requirement of a synchronous powder feeder in a laser cladding device, 2 ultrasonic transducer fixing ports and 1 conventional mechanical rotor vibrating motor fixing port are arranged on a semicircular metal main body frame, and the total number of the whole device is 4 ultrasonic transducer fixing ports and 2 conventional mechanical rotor vibrating motor fixing ports. In addition, the fixed port of the ultrasonic transducer in the embodiment also provides three adjustable angles of the ultrasonic transducer, which are respectively horizontal 0 degree, inclined upward 45 degrees and inclined downward 45 degrees, and when the ultrasonic transducer is used, the fixed port can be flexibly adjusted according to the position to be enhanced in the cylinder, and is fixed through the clamping structure in the port. The mobile power supply-controller integrated module arranged on each semicircular metal main body frame can provide total 50Wh energy, can continuously work for 2h under the condition of outputting 25W, and meets the requirements of experimental-grade medium-short term use and enterprise application-grade emergency work; meanwhile, the external charging and control port on each semicircular metal main body frame can meet the long-time remote control and operation requirements.
As shown in fig. 4, the ultrasonic cooperative resonance auxiliary device further comprises an arc-shaped resonance cavity thin-wall metal funnel (8); the arc-shaped resonant cavity thin-wall metal funnel is directly embedded and fixed on the inner wall of the powder cylinder by the elasticity of the funnel; the thin-wall arc-shaped wall surface of the funnel is of an arc structure with the thickness R being 400mm, and the thin-wall thickness of the thin-wall metal funnel is set to be 0.2-0.5 mm; the upper edge and the lower edge of the funnel are tightly attached to the inner wall of the powder cylinder, and a closed cavity is formed between the upper edge and the lower edge of the funnel and is wrapped by the outer wall of the funnel and the inner wall of the powder cylinder.
The metal main body frame of this embodiment adopts aluminum alloy material to improve the portability and the detachability of device, reduce the equipment dead weight simultaneously, improve actual vibration effect.
Application examples 1 to 3
The ultrasonic synergistic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder in the embodiment 1 is applied to a synchronous powder feeder of a laser cladding device. In the application example, the laser cladding device used is a ZKZM-4000 laser cladding product produced by Mimex corporation of Sai' an Zhongzhong, and comprises a light coupling semiconductor laser, a water cooling machine, a cladding head, a powder feeder and the like. The formula of the laser cladding powder is shown in the following table 1 (mass percent):
TABLE 1
| Application example 1 | Application example 2 | Application example 3 | |
| C | 0.1±0.1％ | 0.1±0.1％ | 0.1±0.1％ |
| Fe | 80±5％ | 80±5％ | 30±5％ |
| Cu | 20±2％ | 20±2％ | 10±1％ |
| TiB2 | 0 | 0 | 60±5％ |
In application example 1, pure copper and pure iron powder are adopted, the size interval of the powder particles is 25-150 μm, and the sphericity is more than or equal to 80%, as shown in figure 5. In application example 2, the powder with poor irregular flowability of pure copper and pure iron is mechanically crushed, as shown in fig. 6, the particle size interval of the powder is 5-150 μm, and the sphericity is less than or equal to 5%. Application example 3 Using Low-flow TiB2As shown in FIG. 7, the ceramic powder has a particle size range of 50-200 μm and a sphericity of 5% or less.
2. Pretreatment of cladding substrates
Polishing the surface of the workpiece by using a polisher and abrasive paper to remove a surface oxide layer; and cleaning the pure workpiece surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone to obtain the workpiece surface with a clean surface.
3. Pretreatment of cladding powder
The laser cladding powder needs to be dried before cladding, the drying temperature is 100-150 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h.
4. Determination of laser cladding technological parameters
After the spot size is determined, according to the laser scanning rate, the laser spot size and the matching relation between the laser power and the cladding powder, the appropriate laser power and the cladding scanning rate are selected, and the corresponding appropriate lapping rate, the powder disc rotating speed and the argon flow are selected. The specific parameters are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Based on the process steps and parameter setting, the metallographic phases of the cladding layers of application examples 1, 2 and 3 are respectively shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, and metallographic experiments prove that the cladding layers with good metallurgical quality and without cracks and air holes are obtained, compared with application example 1 and application example 2, the metallographic effects are not obviously different, and the cladding layers have ideal bonding quality and high density, which shows that the performance of the cladding layers prepared by the device disclosed by the invention is completely consistent with that of high-cost spherical powder, the normal cladding of low-fluidity powder is realized, and the support is provided for effectively reducing the cost of laser additive manufacturing raw materials.
Application example 3 shows that the high-melting-point ceramic powder can be directly applied to laser additive manufacturing, ideal preparation quality is achieved, and the expansion range of materials in the field of laser additive manufacturing is greatly improved.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection determined by the specification.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a powder feeder is with supersound resonance auxiliary device in coordination which characterized in that: the device comprises a plurality of metal main body frames and a connecting mechanism for sequentially connecting and fixing the metal main body frames end to end, wherein the metal main body frames are sequentially connected and fixed end to end through the connecting mechanism to form a cavity in a surrounding manner, and the inner wall of the cavity is tightly attached to the outer wall of a powder cylinder of the powder feeder; the device further comprises:
the ultrasonic transducer fixing port, the vibration motor fixing port, the mobile power supply-controller integrated module, the external charging and control port and the vibration regulator are arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the metal main body frame; the vibration regulator is used for regulating the amplitude and the frequency of vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer and the mechanical rotor vibration motor; the mobile power supply-controller integrated module or an external charging and control port is used for providing power for the ultrasonic transducer and the mechanical rotor vibration motor;
the device further comprises: the thin wall of the thin-wall metal funnel is an arc-shaped wall surface, namely when the thin-wall metal funnel is placed in the powder cylinder of the powder feeder, only the upper edge and the lower edge of the thin-wall metal funnel are respectively contacted with the top end and the bottom end of the inner wall of the powder cylinder, and therefore an arc-shaped closed cavity is formed by wrapping the inner wall of the powder cylinder and the side wall of the thin-wall metal funnel.
2. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the thin-wall metal funnel is arranged in a powder cylinder of the powder feeder, and is bonded and fixed at the contact position of the thin-wall metal funnel and the powder cylinder.
3. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the thin-wall metal funnel is arranged in a powder cylinder of the powder feeder and is embedded and fixed by the elasticity of the funnel.
4. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the thin-wall thickness of the thin-wall metal funnel is 0.2-0.5 mm.
5. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 4, wherein: the radian of the arc-shaped wall surface of the thin-wall metal funnel is R =400 mm.
6. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the ultrasonic transducers is less than or equal to that of the ultrasonic transducer fixing ports, and the number of the mechanical rotor vibration motors is less than or equal to that of the vibration motor fixing ports.
7. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the metal main body frames are two completely symmetrical semi-circular metal main body frames.
8. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 7, wherein: on each semicircular metal main body frame, 2 ultrasonic transducer fixing ports and 1 vibration motor fixing port are arranged.
9. The ultrasonic resonance auxiliary device for the powder feeder according to claim 1, wherein: the metal main body frame is made of aluminum alloy materials.
10. Use of an ultrasonic resonance assisting device for a powder feeder according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the device is applied to the laser additive manufacturing synchronous powder feeder.
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