CN113038047B - Digital pixel readout circuit, pixel array and image sensor - Google Patents
Digital pixel readout circuit, pixel array and image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113038047B CN113038047B CN201911355846.6A CN201911355846A CN113038047B CN 113038047 B CN113038047 B CN 113038047B CN 201911355846 A CN201911355846 A CN 201911355846A CN 113038047 B CN113038047 B CN 113038047B
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Abstract
The invention provides a digital pixel reading circuit, a pixel array and an image sensor.A blind pixel compensation module for compensating and correcting a frequency signal of an oscillator is added in the digital pixel reading circuit, so that blind pixel compensation is realized at a pixel circuit level, a mode of blind pixel compensation at an image algorithm level is avoided, the difficulty of realizing a subsequent image processing algorithm is reduced, and resources consumed by the image processing algorithm are reduced; and the circuit structure and the principle of the whole blind pixel compensation module are simple, only a small amount of control switches and registers need to be added, and the consumed resources are few.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of image sensor technology, and in particular, to a digital pixel readout circuit, a pixel array, and an image sensor.
Background
In conventional analog readout integrated circuit technology, the current generated by the detector is locally accumulated and stored in a capacitor (electron trap); the maximum charge stored in the integration time is equal to the product of the total capacitance and the maximum value of the allowed voltage at the two ends of the capacitor, and the maximum sensitivity of a Focal Plane Array (FPA) of the detector is fundamentally determined by the unit well depth considering that the technology limits the limited voltage and capacitance density.
Digital pixel readout integrated circuits (DROIC) typically include a preamplifier/buffer, an in-pixel analog-to-digital converter circuit consisting of a photocurrent to frequency converter (I-to-F converter) coupled to a counter/shift register, and control circuitry. The digital pixel readout integrated circuit overcomes the limitations of the traditional analog focal plane array by digitizing signals in pixels, and can realize larger dynamic range, faster low-noise all-digital readout and on-chip processing to reduce the power of the sensor.
However, due to the limitations of factors such as the manufacturing process level and the material quality of the infrared focal plane array (IRFPA), blind element points, that is, detection units with too low or too high photoelectric response, inevitably exist on the infrared focal plane array device, and these detection units may appear as too dark or too bright pixel points on an image, which may seriously affect the imaging quality of the image; therefore, it is of great importance to effectively compensate the blind pixels.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a digital pixel readout circuit with a blind pixel compensation module, which solves the above-mentioned problems.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a digital pixel readout circuit comprising:
the input end of the oscillator is connected with the detector of the detection unit, and the oscillator receives the current generated by the detector and converts the current into a frequency signal;
the blind pixel compensation module is connected with the frequency signal output port of the adjacent detection unit, is connected with the oscillator and is used for compensating and correcting the frequency signal of the oscillator;
the counter and the shift register are connected with the oscillator and the blind pixel compensation module, and are used for counting the frequency signals after compensation and correction and shifting and outputting the frequency signals;
wherein the blind pixel compensation module comprises:
the blind pixel detection switch is connected in series between the oscillator and the counter and the shift register, and the common end of the blind pixel detection switch and the common end of the counter and the shift register are used as a frequency signal output port of the detection unit;
the input end of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected with a frequency signal output port of an adjacent detection unit, and the output end of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected with a frequency signal output port of the detection unit;
the blind pixel compensation module comprises a plurality of blind pixel compensation switches, and the input ends of the plurality of blind pixel compensation switches are connected with the frequency signal output ports of the adjacent detection units in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
Optionally, the control end of the blind pixel detection switch is connected to the blind pixel detection control signal, and the control end of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected to the blind pixel compensation control signal.
Optionally, when the detector of the detection unit is normal, the blind pixel detection switch is controlled to be closed by the blind pixel detection control signal, the blind pixel compensation switch is switched off by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and the oscillator converts and outputs a correct frequency signal.
Optionally, when the detector of the present detection unit is abnormal, the oscillator switches to output an erroneous frequency signal, controls the blind pixel detection switch to be turned off by the blind pixel detection control signal, closes one of all the blind pixel compensation switches and turns off the others by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and introduces a frequency signal of an adjacent detection unit to replace the erroneous frequency signal in the present detection unit.
Optionally, the digital pixel readout circuit further includes a data bus, and the data output by the shift register and the counter is output to the outside through the data bus.
Meanwhile, in order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention further provides a pixel array, which includes a plurality of detecting units, the detecting units are distributed in an array of M +1 rows and N +1 columns, wherein M, N is a positive integer; each detection unit comprises a detector and each detection unit further comprises a digital pixel readout circuit as described in any of the above.
Optionally, the pixel array further includes N +1 data buses, each column of the detection units shares one data bus, and the data bus is connected to the counter and the shift register in each detection unit.
Further, to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides an image sensor including the above pixel array, further including:
the time sequence control circuit is connected with the pixel array and controls the reading and transmission of electric signals;
and the analog signal processing circuit is connected with the pixel array and is used for denoising the electric signal.
As described above, the digital pixel readout circuit of the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
by adding a blind pixel compensation module for compensating and correcting the frequency signal of the oscillator into the digital pixel reading circuit, the blind pixel compensation is realized at a pixel circuit level, the mode of blind pixel compensation at an image algorithm level is avoided, the difficulty in realizing a subsequent image processing algorithm is reduced, and the resources consumed by the image processing algorithm are reduced; and the circuit structure and the principle of the whole blind pixel compensation module are simple, and the consumed resources are few.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art digital pixel readout circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a digital pixel readout circuit with blind pixel compensation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel array according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel array with a blind pixel compensation module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The inventor researches and discovers that: as shown in fig. 1, in the digital pixel readout circuit, the current generated by the photoelectric response of the detector is converted into an oscillation signal (frequency signal) with a frequency related to the intensity of the current by an oscillator (i.e., a photocurrent to frequency converter), and the oscillation signal (frequency signal) is counted by a counter and a shift register and then output through a data bus; however, due to the limitation of factors such as the manufacturing process level and the material quality of the infrared focal plane array, blind element points, that is, detection units with too low or too high photoelectric response, inevitably exist on the infrared focal plane array device, and these detection units may appear as too dark or too bright pixel points on an image, which may seriously affect the imaging quality of the image.
Therefore, it is necessary to perform effective compensation on the blind pixels, and the blind pixel compensation is a process of predicting and replacing information of the blind pixel positions by using effective image information around the blind pixels or image information of previous and subsequent frames, and is usually implemented at an algorithm level; the simultaneous implementation of blind pixel compensation and other image processing techniques (e.g., non-uniform correction, windowing, spatial filtering, etc.) at the algorithm level requires a significant amount of resources and is complex.
Based on the above, the invention provides a digital pixel readout circuit with a blind pixel compensation module, which can realize blind pixel compensation in a pixel level circuit by performing compensation correction on a frequency signal of an oscillator in the digital pixel readout circuit through the blind pixel compensation module without performing blind pixel compensation in a subsequent image processing process, thereby reducing the difficulty of realizing a subsequent image processing algorithm and reducing the resources consumed by the image processing algorithm.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 2 to 4. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the art, and any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, which do not affect the efficacy and attainment of the same are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, based on the basic oscillator, the present invention provides a novel digital pixel readout circuit, which includes:
an oscillator, the input end of which is connected with the detector of the detecting unit (pixel), and the oscillator receives the current generated by the detector and converts the current into a frequency signal;
the blind pixel compensation module is connected with the frequency signal output port of the adjacent detection unit (pixel) and the oscillator and is used for compensating and correcting the frequency signal of the oscillator;
and the counter and the shift register are connected with the oscillator and the blind pixel compensation module, and are used for counting the frequency signals after compensation and correction and shifting and outputting the frequency signals.
In detail, as shown in fig. 2, the blind pixel compensation module includes:
a blind pixel detection switch badcorrn which is connected in series between the oscillator and the counter and the shift register, and the common end of the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn and the counter and the shift register is used as a frequency signal output port clkout of the detection unit (pixel);
the input end of the blind element compensation switch S0 (or S1, S2 and S3) is connected with the frequency signal output port of one adjacent detection unit (pixel) and the output end is connected with the frequency signal output port clkout of the current detection unit (pixel).
In detail, the blind pixel compensation module comprises a plurality of blind pixel compensation switches, and the input ends of the plurality of blind pixel compensation switches are connected with the frequency signal output ports of a plurality of adjacent detection units (pixels) in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the blind pixel compensation module includes four blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3, wherein the input end clkin <0> of the blind pixel compensation switch S0, the input end clkin <1> of the blind pixel compensation switch S1, the input end clkin <2> of the blind pixel compensation switch S2 and the input end clkin <3> of the blind pixel compensation switch S3 are respectively connected to the frequency signal output ports clkout of four adjacent probing units (pixels) in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The control end of the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn is connected with a blind pixel detection control signal, and the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn is a blind pixel compensation enabling control switch; the control ends of the blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3 are connected with blind pixel compensation control signals, and the blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3 are blind pixel compensation signal selection switches; the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn and the blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2, S3 can be controlled by SPI configuration register control or SRAM write control.
Alternatively, the blind-cell detection switch badcorrn, the blind-cell compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3 may be CMOS switches.
In detail, by selectively switching the blind detection switch badcorrn and the blind compensation switches S0, S1, S2, S3, the final frequency signal of the detection unit (pixel) is obtained at the frequency signal output port clkout of the detection unit (pixel) and is transmitted to the subsequent counter and shift register.
Optionally, the digital pixel readout circuit further includes a data bus, and as shown in fig. 2, the data output by the counter and the shift register are output externally through the data bus.
In detail, the digital pixel readout circuit operates as follows:
1) when the detector of the detection unit (pixel) is normal, the oscillator converts and outputs a correct frequency signal; at this time, the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn is controlled to be closed by the blind pixel detection control signal, the blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3 are all switched off by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and a correct frequency signal converted and output by the oscillator is transmitted to the counter and the shift register and a frequency signal output port clkout of the detection unit (pixel);
2) when a detector (a blind cell unit) of the detection unit (pixel) is abnormal, the photoelectric current of the detector is strong or weak, so that a frequency signal generated by the oscillator through photoelectric conversion is an error frequency signal; at this time, the blind pixel detection switch badcorrn is controlled to be turned off by the blind pixel detection control signal, one of all the blind pixel compensation switches S0, S1, S2 and S3 is turned on and the rest are turned off by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and the frequency signal of one adjacent detection unit (pixel) is introduced to replace the wrong frequency signal in the detection unit (pixel).
Meanwhile, based on the above digital pixel readout circuit with the blind pixel compensation module, the present invention further provides a pixel array, as shown in fig. 3, which includes a plurality of detection units (pixels) distributed in an array of M +1 rows and N +1 columns, referring to fig. 3, the detection unit at the upper left corner of the array is marked as a (0, 0) detection unit, the detection unit at the lower right corner of the array is marked as a (M, N) detection unit, wherein M, N is a positive integer; each detection unit (pixel) comprises a detector, and each detection unit (pixel) further comprises the digital pixel readout circuit, and the frequency signal in each detection unit (pixel) is compensated and corrected through the digital pixel readout circuit.
In detail, as shown in fig. 4, in the pixel array, the left of the (x, y) detection unit is the (x, y-1) detection unit, the right is the (x, y +1) detection unit, the upper is the (x-1, y) detection unit, and the lower is the (x +1, y) detection unit; the frequency signal output port clkout of the (x, y) detection unit is simultaneously connected to the input end clkin <0> of the blind element compensation switch S0 in the (x +1, y) detection unit, the input end clkin <1> of the blind element compensation switch S1 in the (x, y-1) detection unit, the input end clkin <2> of the blind element compensation switch S2 in the (x-1, y) detection unit, and the input end clkin <3> of the blind element compensation switch S3 in the (x, y +1) detection unit; the frequency signal output port clkout of the (x-1, y) probing unit is connected to the input terminal clkin <0> of the blind element compensation switch S0 in the (x, y) probing unit, the frequency signal output port clkout of the (x, y +1) probing unit is connected to the input terminal clkin <1> of the blind element compensation switch S1 in the (x, y) probing unit, the frequency signal output port clkout of the (x +1, y) probing unit is connected to the input terminal clkin <2> of the blind element compensation switch S2 in the (x, y) probing unit, and the frequency signal output port clkout of the (x, y-1) probing unit is connected to the input terminal clkin <3> of the blind element compensation switch S3 in the (x, y) probing unit.
Wherein x and y are natural numbers, M is more than or equal to x and more than or equal to 0, and N is more than or equal to y and more than or equal to 0.
It is understood that, according to the general pixel array arrangement, there are 8 directions of other detection units around each detection unit, as shown in fig. 3; according to design requirements, frequency signals output by the other 8 detection units around the detection unit can be used as blind pixel compensation signals; however, a good compensation function can be achieved with a small area power consumption by selecting 2-4 blind pixel compensation signals, and the pixel array shown in fig. 4 selects 4 blind pixel compensation signals for compensation and correction.
In detail, as shown in fig. 3, the pixel array further includes N +1 data buses Outsc0, Outsc1, Outsc2, … and OutscN, each column of detecting units (pixels) shares one data bus, i.e., the 1 st column of detecting units (pixels) shares the data bus Outsc0, the 2 nd column of detecting units (pixels) shares the data bus Outsc1, the 3 rd column of detecting units (pixels) shares the data buses Outsc2, …, and the N +1 th column of detecting units (pixels) shares the data bus OutscN, and the corresponding data buses are connected to the counter and the shift register in each detecting unit (pixel).
In addition, the present invention also provides an image sensor, which includes the pixel array, and further includes:
the time sequence control circuit is connected with the pixel array and used for controlling the reading and transmission of the electric signals;
and the analog signal processing circuit is connected with the pixel array and is used for denoising the electric signals.
The detailed structures of other circuit modules of the image sensor can refer to the prior art, and are not described herein again.
In summary, in the digital pixel readout circuit of the present invention, the blind pixel compensation module for performing compensation and correction on the frequency signal of the oscillator is added in the digital pixel readout circuit, so that the blind pixel compensation is realized at the pixel circuit level, the blind pixel compensation at the image algorithm level is avoided, the difficulty in realizing the subsequent image processing algorithm is reduced, and the resources consumed by the image processing algorithm are reduced; and the circuit structure and the principle of the whole blind pixel compensation module are simple, only a small amount of control switches and registers need to be added, and the consumed resources are few.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A digital pixel readout circuit, comprising:
the input end of the oscillator is connected with the detector of the detection unit, and the oscillator receives the current generated by the detector and converts the current into a frequency signal;
the blind pixel compensation module is connected with the frequency signal output port of the adjacent detection unit, is connected with the oscillator and is used for compensating and correcting the frequency signal of the oscillator;
the counter and the shift register are connected with the oscillator and the blind pixel compensation module, and are used for counting the frequency signals after compensation and correction and shifting and outputting the frequency signals;
wherein, the blind pixel compensation module comprises:
the blind pixel detection switch is connected in series between the oscillator and the counter and the shift register, and the common end of the blind pixel detection switch and the common end of the counter and the shift register is used as a frequency signal output port of the detection unit;
the input end of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected with a frequency signal output port of an adjacent detection unit, and the output end of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected with a frequency signal output port of the detection unit;
the blind pixel compensation module comprises a plurality of blind pixel compensation switches, and the input ends of the plurality of blind pixel compensation switches are connected with the frequency signal output ports of the adjacent detection units in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
2. The digital pixel readout circuit of claim 1, wherein the control terminal of the blind pixel detection switch is connected to a blind pixel detection control signal, and the control terminal of the blind pixel compensation switch is connected to a blind pixel compensation control signal.
3. The digital pixel readout circuit according to claim 2, wherein when the detector of the present detection unit is normal, the blind pixel detection switch is controlled to be closed by the blind pixel detection control signal, the blind pixel compensation switch is switched to be open by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and the oscillator switches to output a correct frequency signal.
4. The digital pixel readout circuit according to claim 2, wherein when the detector of the present detection unit is abnormal, the oscillator switches to output a wrong frequency signal, the blind pixel detection switch is controlled to be turned off by the blind pixel detection control signal, one of the blind pixel compensation switches is turned on and the rest of the blind pixel compensation switches are turned off by the blind pixel compensation control signal, and the frequency signal of the adjacent detection unit is introduced to replace the wrong frequency signal in the present detection unit.
5. The digital pixel readout circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a data bus through which data output by the counter and the shift register is output externally.
6. A pixel array is characterized by comprising a plurality of detection units, wherein the detection units are distributed in an array of M +1 rows and N +1 columns, M, N is a positive integer; each detection unit comprising a detector and each detection unit further comprising a digital pixel readout circuit according to any of claims 1-4.
7. The pixel array of claim 6, further comprising N +1 data buses, one data bus being common to each column of the detection units, the data bus being connected to the counter and shift register in each of the detection units.
8. An image sensor comprising the pixel array of claim 6 or 7, further comprising:
the time sequence control circuit is connected with the pixel array and controls the reading and transmission of electric signals;
and the analog signal processing circuit is connected with the pixel array and is used for denoising the electric signal.
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