CN113037318A - Low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and phased array system based on same - Google Patents
Low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and phased array system based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113037318A CN113037318A CN202110207806.8A CN202110207806A CN113037318A CN 113037318 A CN113037318 A CN 113037318A CN 202110207806 A CN202110207806 A CN 202110207806A CN 113037318 A CN113037318 A CN 113037318A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/44—Transmit/receive switching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and a phased array system based on the same, wherein an antenna unit and a TR chip, the TR chip comprises a receiving branch and a transmitting branch, the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are respectively provided with gains required by the system by a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier, the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are of a time division system, a single-pole double-throw switch is adopted to share the antenna, the antenna and the TR chip are utilized to construct an array directional hollow unit, radio-frequency signals are respectively fed back to channels after being driven and amplified, and each channel is composed of an amplitude-phase regulating unit, the TR chip and the antenna. And meanwhile, the DAC is adopted to decode the external control signal and control the amplitude and phase regulation unit, so that the beam scanning of the antenna is controlled. The scheme breaks through the key technology evolved from a GaN-based unit circuit chip to an integrated transceiving front end, and realizes the chip, miniaturization, light weight and high reliability of the phased array antenna system, thereby changing the compactness and cost of the whole system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio, in particular to a low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and a phased array system based on the same.
Background
Since the 1960 s, satellite communication has become the most competitive communication means in the present era, and particularly in modern war, satellite communication is an important way for military to conduct and manage combat. Satellite communication not only can realize secret communication, but also has large communication coverage area, long communication distance and no increase of communication cost with the increase of the distance. Further, not only voice communication but also data, images, faxes, and the like can be transmitted. Therefore, satellite communications are widely used in various industries, particularly in places such as the ocean where ordinary communications cannot be achieved.
The vehicle-mounted communication-in-motion is a vehicle-mounted station capable of carrying out uninterrupted satellite communication in moving, works in a Ka frequency band, uses a synchronous satellite, has the characteristics of multiple information types, large capacity, wide coverage, flexibility and the like, and can carry out transmission of multimedia information such as voice, images, data and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and a phased array system based on the antenna, which are realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna comprises an antenna unit and a TR chip, wherein the TR chip comprises a receiving branch, a transmitting branch and a single-pole double-throw switch, and the antenna unit is connected to the TR chip through the single-pole double-throw switch;
the receiving branch is used for receiving signals from a communication satellite;
the transmitting branch is used for transmitting data signals to a communication satellite;
the single-pole double-throw switch is used for switching a transmitting mode and a receiving mode of the current antenna.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the switching of the receiving and transmitting directions of the antenna is realized by utilizing the chip packaging, the key technology evolved from a GaN-based unit circuit chip to an integrated receiving and transmitting front end is broken through, and the chip miniaturization, the light weight and the high reliability of the phased array antenna system are realized, so that the compactness and the cost of the whole system are changed.
Furthermore, the antenna unit is connected to a moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are respectively connected to two fixed ends of the single-pole double-throw switch.
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the time division system of the transmitting branch and the receiving branch is realized by using the single-pole double-throw switch.
Furthermore, the receiving branch is a power amplifier for providing system gain for the receiving branch, the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the next-stage system unit, the output end of the power amplifier is connected to one fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch, a power supply pin VD _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
The further scheme has the advantage that the gain required by the system is provided for the receiving branch by the power amplifier.
Furthermore, the transmitting branch is a low noise amplifier for providing system gain for the transmitting branch, the input end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the other fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch, the output end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the next-stage system unit, a power supply pin VD _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the gain required by the system is provided for the transmitting branch by the low noise amplifier.
Further, the TR chip adopts a GaN substrate.
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the GaN process line is the top-grade level in the world from the technical index and the reliability of the process. By adopting the process, the flow verification of two types of chips can be completed on the same wafer at one time, and the flow cost of a single chip is reduced.
On the other hand, a phased array system based on the communication-in-motion antenna is further provided, and the phased array system comprises a plurality of paths of communication-in-motion antennas, a driving chip and a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), wherein each path of communication-in-motion antenna is connected to the driving chip through an amplitude and phase regulation unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation unit is connected with the DAC;
the driving chip is respectively connected to the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit in each branch through the power divider, and is used for driving and controlling the operation of each amplitude-phase regulation and control unit, receiving an external radio-frequency signal instruction through the radio-frequency signal interface, and controlling the operation of the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit according to the instruction requirement;
the amplitude and phase regulation unit is used for regulating and controlling large-angle scanning of high-gain beams, calculating phase shift values of all antenna units according to the satellite beam pointing requirements received by the TR chip, sending phase shift instructions to the TR chip according to the calculated phase shift values, sending the received phase shift instructions to the antenna by the TR chip, and simultaneously starting the phase shifter to work to enable the antenna to perform beam scanning;
and the DAC is used for decoding an external control signal and controlling the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit to regulate the amplitude, the phase, the steering angle and the pitch angle.
The scheme has the advantages that the array phased array system is constructed, the radio frequency signals are amplified through driving, and then are regulated and controlled by the amplitude and phase regulating and controlling unit of each channel, so that the beam scanning of the antenna is controlled.
Further, the phase shift value calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is the index of the ith antenna element, riThe phase angle between the ith antenna unit and a target point is shown, and lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave;
in the receiving process, each amplitude and phase control unit performs phase shift and amplification on the electromagnetic wave received by the antenna unit connected with the amplitude and phase control unit, and then superposes the signals received by each antenna unit and subjected to phase dependence and amplification together to obtain the intensity of the electromagnetic wave received by the phased array system, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein, aiFor the amplification factor, N is the number of antenna elements,
to a target point of the phase of the electromagnetic field strength, EpIs the field intensity amplitude of the electromagnetic wave of the target point, j imaginary number unit;
in the emission process, the electromagnetic wave radiation field intensity expression of the target point position is as follows:
where K is the radiation field strength proportionality coefficient of the antenna unit, f (theta) is the direction function of the antenna unit, IiAmplitude of excitation current, r, for the ith antenna element0And theta is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the target point and the antenna array unit and the normal line of the antenna array surface.
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the phase angle of the antenna unit is regulated and controlled, so that the electromagnetic field intensity of the target point is at the maximum value no matter in the transmitting or receiving process.
Further, the driving chip adopts an FPGA or a DSP high-speed processor to calculate the bandwidth, the signal amplitude, the stray, the noise, the harmonic wave and the gain signal of the receiving and sending branches, wherein,
when the transmitter is in a transmitting state, the driving unit receives an external radio frequency control instruction through a radio frequency signal interface, analyzes the control instruction and then sends the control instruction to the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit controls the TR chip to be switched to a transmitting channel according to the content of the control instruction;
when the receiving state is achieved, signals received by the TR chip are processed by the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit and then are sent to the driving chip, and the driving chip calculates the bandwidth, signal amplitude, stray, noise and gain signals of the received signals and then sends the signals to external display equipment through the radio frequency interface to perform imaging and alarming.
Furthermore, the DAC is connected with an external control logic unit through a control logic interface, control instructions of the antenna unit, including parameters of amplitude, phase, steering angle and pitching angle, are input through the control logic interface, and the DAC converts the input control instructions into analog signals and sends the analog signals to the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit.
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the external control signal is decoded by the DAC.
Furthermore, the driving chip is connected with the radio frequency signal unit through a radio frequency signal interface, and the radio frequency signal unit is used for realizing data interaction and signal processing with the driving chip.
The further scheme has the beneficial effects that the external radio frequency signal is driven and amplified through the driving chip, and sufficient input gain is obtained.
Further, the TR chip is connected with a power supply through a control power supply interface.
Further, the TR chip and the driving chip are connected with an attenuation control unit, and the attenuation control unit is used for controlling the radio frequency signal attenuation of the TR chip.
The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the attenuation unit is utilized to realize the multi-port level requirement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front view of the communication-in-motion antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nonlinear large thermoelectric signal model of a TR chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a low noise amplifier with series feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the term "comprising" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented function, operation or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna is shown in figure 1 and comprises an antenna unit and a TR chip, wherein the TR chip comprises a receiving branch, a transmitting branch and a single-pole double-throw switch, and the antenna unit is connected to the TR chip through the single-pole double-throw switch. The antenna unit is connected to the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch, the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are respectively connected to the two immovable ends of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the single-pole double-throw switch is utilized to realize the time division system of the transmitting branch and the receiving branch.
The receiving branch is used for receiving signals from a communication satellite, and the transmitting branch is used for transmitting data signals to the communication satellite; the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are provided with gains required by the system by a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier respectively. The receiving and transmitting branches are time division system, and one single-pole double-throw switch is adopted to share the antenna. The receiving and transmitting chains of the T/R chip are switched by a single-pole double-throw switch.
Specifically, the receiving branch adopts a power amplifier for providing system gain for the receiving branch, the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the next-stage system unit, the output end of the power amplifier is connected to one fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch, a power supply pin VD _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to the power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
The transmitting branch adopts a low noise amplifier with series negative feedback for providing system gain for the transmitting branch, the input end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the other fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch, the output end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the next stage system unit, a power supply pin VD _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
In this embodiment, the TR antenna adopts a GaN substrate, and the antenna gain and efficiency improvement technology on the GaN substrate radiate the millimeter wave signal generated by the chip to the space directly, thereby avoiding the loss and uncertainty caused by off-chip connection and packaging, and greatly reducing the volume of the system. For systems with frequencies above Ka it is important to obtain an Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) that is as high as possible.
In the scheme, a nonlinear model of the GaN HEMT device is reconstructed in a required working frequency band, and the device model is based on an Angelov empirical basis model and comprises a thermal effect and a trap effect. Compared with other experience-based models such as EEHEMT, curtise and TOM, the Angelov model is widely applied to characterization of field effect transistor devices due to advantages of the Angelov model in terms of universality, convergence and the like.
In the invention, the noise coefficient is one of the key indexes of the receiving link, the noise coefficient basically determines the lowest signal power which can be received by one antenna, and the low-noise amplification realization technology based on the GaN technology is favorable for improving the sensitivity of the receiver. The noise and gain characteristics of the low noise amplification unit determine the noise performance of the entire reception channel. Based on the existing work foundation, the source reflection coefficient gamma of the minimum noise factor can be obtained under the general conditionoptReflection coefficient of conjugate matching source not equal to that for obtaining optimum gain characteristic
To make Γ beoptAnd
and the inductance of the source electrode series negative feedback inductor of the HEMT device can be adjusted, so that a low-noise amplifier with simultaneous noise matching and power matching is obtained.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit of a HEMT low noise amplifier with series negative feedback, which can obtain the input impedance ZinHas the following expression:
wherein R isch、RDS、RSAre respectively a resistance Rch、RDS、RSResistance value, CGSIs a capacitor CGSVolume value, LSIs an electric pole LSThe inductance value of, j ω LSIs an electric pole LSReactance of gmThe conductance of the voltage source Vgs.
Qualitative analysis of the above equation shows that the input impedance ZinThe coefficient of reflection of the conjugate matching source changes along with the change of the parameters of the device, series negative feedback and output load
Related to the device parameters, series negative feedback, and output load. And gamma isoptOnly affected by the device parameters and series negative feedback. Therefore, an appropriate device gate width, feedback amount and output load can be found
And ΓoptAre equal. In practical designs, the gate width of the device is controlled
And ΓoptAn important parameter, which is close to each other, has different optimum gate widths at each different frequency point.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the phased array system is constructed by using the TR chip of the antenna in the above scheme, and includes multiple paths of communication-in-motion antennas, a driving chip, and a DAC, where each path of communication-in-motion antenna is connected to the driving chip through an amplitude and phase regulation unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation unit is connected to the DAC;
the driving chip is respectively connected to the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit in each branch through the power divider and is used for driving and controlling the operation of each amplitude-phase regulation and control unit, receiving an external radio-frequency signal instruction through the radio-frequency signal interface and controlling the operation of the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit according to the instruction requirement; the driving chip is connected with the radio frequency signal unit through the radio frequency signal interface.
The amplitude and phase regulation unit is used for regulating and controlling large-angle scanning of high-gain beams, calculating phase shift values of all antenna units according to the satellite beam pointing requirements received by the TR chip, sending phase shift instructions to the TR chip according to the calculated phase shift values, sending the received phase shift instructions to the antenna by the TR chip, and simultaneously starting the phase shifter to work to enable the antenna to perform beam scanning;
the DAC is used for decoding external control signals and controlling the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit to adjust the amplitude, the phase, the steering and the pitch angle so as to scan the antenna at a large angle, the DAC is connected with the control logic unit through the control logic interface, the control logic interface is generally a user or other peripheral equipment, relevant control instructions are input through the logic interface, such as the amplitude, the phase, the steering and the pitch angle and the like are sent to the DAC module, the DAC module converts the instructions into analog signals required by the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit receives the signals and then realizes the actions such as the amplitude, the phase, the steering and the pitch angle and the like.
After the radio frequency signal is amplified by driving, the radio frequency signal is divided into 16 paths by a 1-to-16 power divider and respectively fed into 16 channels, and each channel consists of an amplitude-phase regulation unit, a TR chip and an antenna. And meanwhile, the DAC is adopted to decode the external control signal and control the amplitude and phase regulation unit, so that the beam scanning of the antenna is controlled. The TR chip and the antenna are the content of the scheme, other circuits adopt mature commercial chips, as shown in figure 2, the phased array system comprises a multi-path communication-in-motion antenna, a driving chip and a DAC, wherein each path of communication-in-motion antenna is connected to the driving chip through an amplitude and phase regulation unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation unit is connected with the DAC.
Specifically, the driving chip adopts an FPGA or DSP driving chip, and is characterized by high processing speed, capability of processing complex multi-algorithm tasks, and mainly calculation processing of signals such as bandwidth, signal amplitude, stray, noise, harmonic waves, gain and the like, including receiving and transmitting. When the antenna is in a transmitting state, the driving unit receives an external radio frequency control instruction through the radio frequency signal interface, analyzes the control instruction and then sends the control instruction to the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit, and the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit controls the TR chip to be switched to a transmitting channel according to the content of the control instruction; when the receiving state is achieved, signals received by the TR chip are processed by the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit and then are sent to the driving chip, and the driving chip calculates the bandwidth, signal amplitude, stray, noise and gain signals of the received signals and then sends the signals to external display equipment through the radio frequency interface to perform imaging and alarming.
After the radio frequency signals are driven and amplified, the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit of each channel regulates and controls the radio frequency signals, and the DAC decodes the external control signals to realize beam scanning of the control antenna. For the transmitting process, the intensity of the electromagnetic field radiated by each antenna unit is in direct proportion to the exciting current of the antenna unit, the direction function of each antenna unit is related to the type and the structural form of the antenna, the amplitude and phase regulating unit calculates the phase shift value of each antenna unit according to the condition of a target point, and the phase shift value calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is the index of the ith antenna element, riIs the phase angle of the ith antenna unit, and lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave;
in the receiving process, each amplitude and phase control unit carries out phase shift and amplification on electromagnetic waves received by the antenna units connected with the amplitude and phase control unit, and then the signals received by the antenna units and subjected to phase dependence and amplification are superposed together to form the intensity of the electromagnetic waves received by the phased array system, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein, aiFor the amplification factor, N is the number of antenna elements,
to a target point of the phase of the electromagnetic field strength, EpIs the field intensity amplitude of the electromagnetic wave of the target point, j imaginary number unit;
in the emission process, the electromagnetic wave radiation field intensity expression of the target point position is as follows:
where K is the radiation field strength proportionality coefficient of the antenna unit, f (theta) is the direction function of the antenna unit, IiAmplitude of excitation current, r, for the ith antenna element0And theta is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the target point and the antenna array unit and the normal line of the antenna array surface.
The TR chip is connected with a power supply through a control power supply interface. The TR chip and the driving chip are connected with the attenuation control unit.
In this embodiment, a nonlinear model of the GaN HEMT device needs to be reconstructed within the operating band, and the device model is based on the Angelov empirical basis model and includes thermal effects and trap effects. Compared with other experience-based models such as EEHEMT, curtise and TOM, the Angelov model is widely applied to characterization of field effect transistor devices due to advantages of the Angelov model in terms of universality, convergence and the like.
Fig. 3 shows a nonlinear large thermoelectric signal model of the TR chip of this embodiment, in which an G, S, D port is an external output pin of the model, two S pins are stationary terminals to which a single-pole double-throw switch receiving branch and a transmitting branch in the TR chip are connected, G and D correspond to a system power source VG and VD respectively, and a parasitic parameter network of the model topology includes a parasitic resistor, a capacitor and an inductor of an outer layer topology. Wherein, Cpda, Cpga and Cgda are used for characterizing parasitic effects brought by the air bridge so as to improve the accuracy of the model in a high frequency band. The intrinsic element of the model mainly comprises a nonlinear current source Ids, bias-related nonlinear capacitors Cgs, Cds and Cgd, diodes Dgs and Dgd, a gate-drain coupling resistor Rgd, a channel resistor Ri and a source-drain output capacitor Cds. In order to accurately simulate the self-heating effect of the device, the model adopts a first-order hot electron network, wherein Rth represents thermal resistance, and Cth represents thermal capacity. The accuracy is guaranteed, and meanwhile the convergence of the model can be effectively improved.
In the implementation process, as the important subassembly of protection antenna, can design the antenna house and protect it, the technical indicator and the performance of antenna are directly influenced to the antenna house. The Ka band is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum with the frequency of 26.5-40 GHz, the corresponding wavelength is 11.3-7.5 mm, and the Ka band is millimeter wave. The millimeter wave has the advantages of high resolution, compactness and flexibility, and the application of the millimeter wave is more and more extensive. However, the loss in the medium is large due to the short millimeter wave length, which greatly affects the information transmission.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna unit and a TR chip, wherein the TR chip comprises a receiving branch, a transmitting branch and a single-pole double-throw switch, and the antenna unit is connected to the TR chip through the single-pole double-throw switch;
the receiving branch is used for receiving signals from a communication satellite;
the transmitting branch is used for transmitting data signals to a communication satellite;
the single-pole double-throw switch is used for switching a transmitting mode and a receiving mode of the current antenna.
2. The low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna unit is connected to a moving terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the receiving branch and the transmitting branch are respectively connected to two fixed terminals of the single-pole double-throw switch.
3. The low-cost miniaturized mobile communication antenna according to claim 2, wherein the receiving branch employs a power amplifier for providing a system gain for the receiving branch, an input terminal of the power amplifier is connected to a next-stage system unit, an output terminal of the power amplifier is connected to one stationary terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch, a power supply pin VD _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ PA of the power amplifier is connected to the power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
4. A low-cost miniaturized mobile radio antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that said transmission is carried outThe branch circuit adopts the low noise amplifier with series negative feedback for providing system gain for the transmitting branch circuit, the input end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the other fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch, the output end is connected to the next-stage system unit, a power supply pin VD _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to a power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch, and a power supply pin VG _ LNA of the low noise amplifier is connected to the power supply pin VC of the single-pole double-throw switch
5. The low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the TR chip is made of a GaN substrate.
6. A phased array system based on the communication-in-motion antenna of the claims 1-5, characterized in that the phased array system comprises a plurality of paths of the communication-in-motion antenna, a driving chip and a DAC, wherein each path of the communication-in-motion antenna is connected to the driving chip through an amplitude and phase regulation unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation unit is connected with the DAC;
the driving chip is respectively connected to the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit in each branch through the power divider, and is used for driving and controlling the operation of each amplitude-phase regulation and control unit, receiving an external radio-frequency signal instruction through the radio-frequency signal interface, and controlling the operation of the amplitude-phase regulation and control unit according to the instruction requirement;
the amplitude and phase regulation unit is used for regulating and controlling large-angle scanning of high-gain beams, calculating phase shift values of all antenna units according to the satellite beam pointing requirements received by the TR chip, sending phase shift instructions to the TR chip according to the calculated phase shift values, sending the received phase shift instructions to the antenna by the TR chip, and simultaneously starting the phase shifter to work to enable the antenna to perform beam scanning;
the DAC is used for decoding external control signals and controlling the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit to regulate the amplitude, the phase, the steering angle and the pitching angle so as to scan the antenna at a large angle.
7. The phased array system of claim 6, wherein the phase shift value calculation formula is:
wherein i is the index of the ith antenna element, riIs the phase angle of the ith antenna unit, and lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave;
in the receiving process, each amplitude and phase control unit performs phase shift and amplification on the electromagnetic wave received by the antenna unit connected with the amplitude and phase control unit, and then superposes the signals received by each antenna unit and subjected to phase dependence and amplification as the intensity of the electromagnetic wave received by the phased array system, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein, aiFor the amplification factor, N is the number of antenna elements,
to a target point of the phase of the electromagnetic field strength, EpIs the field intensity amplitude of the electromagnetic wave of the target point, j imaginary number unit;
in the emission process, the electromagnetic wave radiation field intensity expression of the target point position is as follows:
where K is the radiation field strength proportionality coefficient of the antenna unit, f (theta) is the direction function of the antenna unit, IiAmplitude of excitation current, r, for the ith antenna element0And theta is an included angle formed by the connecting line of the target point and the antenna array unit and the normal line of the antenna array surface.
8. The phased array system of claim 6, wherein the driver chip calculates the bandwidth, signal amplitude, spurs, noise, harmonics and gain signals of the receive and transmit branches using FPGA or DSP high speed processors, wherein,
when the transmitter is in a transmitting state, the driving unit receives an external radio frequency control instruction through a radio frequency signal interface, analyzes the control instruction and then sends the control instruction to the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit, and the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit controls the TR chip to be switched to a transmitting channel according to the content of the control instruction;
when the receiving state is achieved, signals received by the TR chip are processed by the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit and then are sent to the driving chip, and the driving chip calculates the bandwidth, signal amplitude, stray, noise and gain signals of the received signals and then sends the signals to external display equipment through the radio frequency interface to perform imaging and alarming.
9. The phased array system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the DAC is connected to an external control logic unit through a control logic interface, control commands of the antenna unit, including parameters of amplitude, phase, steering angle and pitch angle, are input through the control logic interface, and the DAC converts the input control commands into analog signals and sends the analog signals to the amplitude and phase regulation and control unit.
10. The phased array system of claim 6, wherein the TR chip is connected to a power supply via a control power interface;
the TR chip and the driving chip are connected with an attenuation control unit, and the attenuation control unit is used for controlling the signal attenuation of the transmitting branch and the receiving branch of the TR chip and carrying out radio frequency signal attenuation on a radio frequency input signal of the driving chip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110207806.8A CN113037318B (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2021-02-25 | Low-cost miniaturized communication-in-motion antenna and phased array system based on same |
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| CN115548682A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2022-12-30 | 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna and electronic equipment |
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| CN113037318B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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