CN113029395B - Transient high-temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on thermosensitive coating color change characteristic - Google Patents
Transient high-temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on thermosensitive coating color change characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transient high-temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the color change characteristic of a thermosensitive coating. The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a heat conducting element, a film heat flux sensor, a thermosensitive coating and a movable bolt. The film heat flux sensor and the thermosensitive coating are positioned in the packaging shell, and the heat conducting element, the film heat flux sensor, the thermosensitive coating and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. Two sides of the film heat flux sensor are respectively clung to the heat conducting element and the heat sensitive coating. The heat conducting element encapsulates the encapsulation shell through the movable bolt. The thermosensitive coating adopts a thermochromic material, and the thermochromic material generates unrecoverable color change to different degrees according to different heat. The invention utilizes the thermosensitive coating to quantitatively convert the heat of the transient high-temperature field into the color change degree, realizes the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field, and solves the problems that the measurement precision of the traditional temperature measurement sensor is greatly influenced by a measured object, the response speed is insufficient, and the interference of the measured high-temperature field is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and particularly relates to a sensor for measuring heat flux of a transient high-temperature field, which is a passive sensor for measuring the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field by utilizing the color change characteristic of a thermosensitive coating.
Background
At present, with the development of scientific technology, a transient high temperature field (the transient high temperature field means that the existing time of the high temperature field is in the order of seconds or even milliseconds) is often formed in some application scenes, such as explosive explosion, gas explosion and mine explosion, under these circumstances, the measurement of the heat flux of the transient high temperature field formed thereby can effectively reflect the damage capability of the high temperature field to the surrounding environment, so that the method has important significance for practical application, and related research aiming at the measurement of the heat flux of the transient high temperature field is gradually becoming a research hotspot.
According to the relation between the temperature detecting element and the target high temperature field during measurement, the temperature is measured in a contact mode and a non-contact mode. The non-contact temperature measurement mainly comprises: infrared radiation thermometry, fluorescence thermometry, dual-spectral thermometry, acoustic thermometry, fiber thermometry, and the like. The infrared radiation thermometry method can be divided into a full radiation thermometry method, a monochromatic method, a dual-band thermometry method, a multi-band thermometry method and the like. The full radiation thermometry and the monochromatic method are used for determining the temperature of an object by a blackbody calibration instrument according to the total radiation power of the object with the measurement wavelength ranging from zero to infinity in the whole spectral range; however, the method is greatly influenced by the emissivity of the measured object, and an ideal result is difficult to obtain in the actual temperature measurement, so that the method is less applied in the actual temperature measurement. Dual and multi-band temperature sensing is based on measuring two (or more) given wavelengths lambda1And λ2The temperature of the object is determined by a blackbody calibration instrument, and the method is suitable for measuring the emissivity change or unknown objects, but is only suitable for measuring high-temperature objects with high radiation energy density. Fluorescence temperature measurement is realized by adopting the intensity ratio or the fluorescence lifetime of fluorescence emitted by excited fluorescent substances. The non-contact temperature measuring sensor has small volume, no metal material, complete electrical insulation, no influence of high voltage and strong electromagnetic field, chemical corrosion resistance and no pollution; however, the method for measuring temperature by using the sensor cannot adapt to transient measurement of a transient high-temperature field, and the field of view of the sensor is narrow, so that the sensor is easily influenced by various factors (for example, the high-temperature field carries fire). The double-spectral-line thermometry is characterized in that according to the atomic emission spectrum theory, when excited atoms jump from a high energy level to a low energy level, a specific atomic spectrum is generated, energy is radiated in the form of light, and the non-contact thermometry sensor can be suitable for transient high-level thermometryTemperature field temperature measurement, but the wave band selection is difficult, and the selection is needed according to the environment condition of the transient high-temperature field.
The contact type temperature measurement method mainly comprises a pressure type temperature measurement method, an optical fiber temperature measurement method, a thermoelectric type temperature measurement method and the like. When the temperature is measured by a contact method, the temperature detection element is required to be in direct contact with a target, the sensor can generate heat conduction, and the temperature detection element can output an electric signal when the cold end and the hot end reach balance according to a thermodynamic equilibrium law; the contact method temperature measurement sensor mainly uses heat conduction and heat exchange, and is obtained by a first thermodynamic law, and the temperature of a temperature detection element when reaching thermal equilibrium can be regarded as the temperature of a measured medium; the contact temperature sensor has the greatest advantages of simple operation, intuition and easy visibility. However, the temperature measurement principle of the contact temperature measurement sensor is based on the thermal equilibrium phenomenon, that is, the sensor needs to be in full contact with the measured object to achieve thermal equilibrium. The response speed of the contact temperature measurement sensor is limited due to the existence of the heat transfer process with the measured object in the temperature measurement process of the sensor; meanwhile, the high-temperature field to be measured is interfered due to the contact with the object to be measured.
To sum up, the existing temperature measurement sensor at least has the following technical problems:
1. the existing non-contact temperature measuring sensor has the problems that the influence of the emissivity of a measured object is large, the influence of other factors is easy to cause, the measured temperature is the surface temperature of an object, the measurement error is easy to cause by surrounding media, and the like, and the heat flux of a transient high-temperature field cannot be accurately measured.
2. The existing contact temperature measuring sensor has the problems of insufficient response speed, interference of a measured high-temperature field caused by contact with a measured object and the like, and the measurement result has errors, so that the contact temperature measuring sensor has less application in a transient high-temperature field.
In fact, the measurement of the transient high temperature field heat flux can be obtained by measuring the degree of color change of certain thermochromic materials, for example, some leuco dyes are more desirable thermochromic materials. Thermochromic materials are functional materials in which the visible absorption spectrum of some compound or mixture changes when heated or cooled, and have the characteristic that the color changes with the change of temperature, and the temperature at which the color changes is called the color change temperature. At present, irreversible thermochromic materials are commonly used for measuring temperature, and the color of the irreversible thermochromic materials changes in a single direction when the irreversible thermochromic materials are heated to a certain temperature, and the irreversible color cannot be recovered after the irreversible color is cooled, so that the highest temperature of the irreversible thermochromic materials can be recorded. The existing research shows that the multi-color-changing irreversible temperature indicating coating in the thermochromic temperature indicating material can be well suitable for measuring the heat flux of a transient high-temperature field, has a large temperature measuring range and relatively accurate precision (the highest precision at present reaches +/-5 ℃), is convenient to use and can be suitable for complex terrains. In addition, on the technical index, the heat absorbed by the thermochromic material and the degree of self color change form a determined functional relationship, and the heat-color change degree corresponds to the characteristic, so that the thermochromic material can be used for quantitative measurement of heat.
At present, the thermochromic material is mainly applied to the fields of cement coating, anti-counterfeiting, textile and clothing, industrial temperature indication, alarm and the like, and no report is published on the preparation of a transient high-temperature field heat flux measurement sensor by adopting the thermochromic material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the passive measurement sensor of the transient high-temperature field heat flux based on the thermochromic characteristic of the thermosensitive coating is provided, and the problems that the existing non-contact temperature measurement method is greatly influenced by the emissivity of a measured object and is easily influenced by other factors, the measured temperature is the surface temperature of an object, and the measurement error is easily caused by surrounding media are solved; the defects that the response speed is insufficient and the contact with a measured object generates the interference of a measured high-temperature field in the existing contact temperature measurement method are overcome. The sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-interference capability, quick layout, convenient post-result processing, high measurement precision and the like, can be used for measuring the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field with different strength grades, and provides a new reference choice for measuring the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field.
The invention utilizes the thermosensitive coating to quantitatively convert the heat of the transient high-temperature field into the color change degree of the thermosensitive coating, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field.
The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a heat conducting element, a film heat flux sensor, a thermosensitive coating and a movable bolt. The end of the package casing close to the heat conducting element is defined as the right end of the invention, and the end far away from the heat conducting element is defined as the left end of the invention. The film heat flux sensor and the thermosensitive coating are positioned in the packaging shell, and the heat conducting element, the film heat flux sensor, the thermosensitive coating and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. The film heat flux sensor is tightly attached to the left end face of the heat conducting element, the thermosensitive coating is tightly attached to the left end face of the film heat flux sensor, and the film heat flux sensor, the heat conducting element and the heat conducting coating are connected through a cementing agent which is good in heat conductivity and high temperature resistant. The heat conducting element is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt to package the right end face of the packaging shell.
The packaging shell is used for loading and fixing other components and is of a cylindrical shape with a bottom. Outer diameter D of package body1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m, wall thickness t11Satisfies 0.002m<t11<0.1m, inner diameter d1＝D1-2t11Length L of1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<2m, left end bottom thickness t12Satisfies 0.005m<t12<0.1m, and the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell is l1Satisfy l1＝L1-t12(ii) a 4 screw holes are processed at the right end of the packaging shell, and the distance r between the center of each screw hole and the center of the end face of the packaging shell1Satisfy r1＝(D1+d1) /4, screw hole diameter phi11Satisfies 0.002m<φ11<t11Depth of screw hole l11Satisfies 0.005m<D1<0.1m, fixing the heat conducting element through the connection of the screw hole and the movable bolt; 1 central screw hole is processed at the center O of the left end face of the packaging shell, the center of the central screw hole is axially upward of the packaging shell, and the diameter phi of the screw hole12Satisfies 0.005m<φ11<0.03m, screw hole depth l12Satisfies 0.002m<D1<0.5t12And the packaging shell is fixed through the connection of the central screw hole and a fixture. The heat insulating layers are adhered to the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the packaging shell, so that the inside and the outside of the packaging shell are not subjected to heat exchange, and the purpose of heat insulation is achieved. Thermal conductivity lambda of the thermal insulation layer1Satisfies the condition that the lambda is more than or equal to 0.01W/(m.k)1Less than or equal to 0.04W/(m.k). Packaging shellThe material is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma1>200MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the package housing does not deform plastically when subjected to external impact.
The heat conducting element is used for conducting heat of the transient high-temperature field to the film heat flux sensor, and is preferably a circular sheet with the diameter D1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m and a thickness t2Satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1m, the thickness can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs; 4 screw through holes are processed on the heat conducting element, and the distance r between the center of each screw through hole and the center of circle of the end face of the heat conducting element1Satisfy r1＝(D1+d1) And/4, the diameter of the screw through hole is equal to phi11(ii) a The heat conducting element is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt; the heat conduction element is made of a material with good heat conductivity, and the material meets the principle that the heat conduction element does not generate plastic deformation under the external impact action, and the specific requirements of the material are as follows: yield strength sigma2>200MPa, density rho2>2.0g/cm3The thermal conductivity lambda 2 is more than or equal to 100W/(m.k) and is high-temperature resistant (the instant high-temperature resistant material can resist 1 second to 10 minutes at 1000-10000 ℃). The heat conducting element is fixed and disassembled through the movable bolt, so that a new thermosensitive coating can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.
The film heat flux sensor is used for assisting in calibrating the relationship between heat and color change degree of the thermosensitive coating, preferably a circular thin sheet with the diameter d1Satisfy d1＝D1-2t1Thickness t3Satisfies 0.002m<t3<0.1 m. The film heat flux sensor, the heat-conducting element and the thermosensitive coating are coaxial, and two end faces are respectively connected with the heat-conducting element and the thermosensitive coating through a cementing agent with good heat conductivity and high temperature resistance; the thin film heat flux sensor material is required to satisfy: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3。
The heat-sensitive coating is used for representing the heat received by the sensor and is a circular thin sheet with the diameter d1Satisfy d1＝D1-2t1Thickness t4Satisfies 0.0005m<t4<0.05 m. The thermosensitive coating is made of a thermochromic material, the thermochromic material is made of more than ten chemicals (such as leuco dyes), and when the heated temperature of the thermochromic material is increased, the thermochromic material generates unrecoverable color change to different degrees according to different heat, and a quantitative relation exists between the color change degree and the heat; the thermochromic material is generally a circular sheet, and thermochromic structures of different materials with different wall thicknesses can form measuring structures with different heat-discoloration degrees and accurate correspondence of various specifications, so that the thermochromic material can accurately measure transient high-temperature fields with different strengths. Meanwhile, the transient high-temperature field heat flux measuring sensor device which is stable in structure, reliable in performance and capable of being stored and used for a long time can be manufactured by selecting materials with stable performance and corrosion resistance to manufacture the thermochromic structure. The thermochromic material is required to satisfy: yield strength sigma4<1000MPa, density rho4<10.0g/cm3The temperature range is 373K < T < 873K. The thermosensitive coating is fixed and detached through the movable bolt, so that a new thermosensitive coating can be reloaded, and the cyclic utilization of the sensor is realized.
The action mechanism of the thermosensitive coating is as follows: when a transient high-temperature field appears, the carried heat is spread in the space and loads the heat conducting element. The heat of the transient high-temperature field is transferred to the heat conducting element and converted into the internal energy of the heat conducting element, the heat of the heat conducting element is further transferred to the film heat flux sensor and the thermosensitive coating, the color of the thermosensitive coating changes, and the heat insulating layer of the inner wall and the outer wall of the packaging shell blocks the heat exchange of the inner space and the outer space of the packaging shell, so that the change of the color of the thermosensitive coating is not influenced.
Before the transient high-temperature field is loaded, the color number of the thermosensitive coating is (x)1) After the transient high-temperature field is loaded, the movable bolt is removed, the heat-conducting element is taken down, and the color number of the thermosensitive coating is measured to be (x)2) (ii) a The interface between the heat conducting element and the package housing should be ensured to be in close contact during interpretation. The corresponding relation between the heat (f (x)) and the color number (x) is calibrated through a heat-color number calibration experiment, and the color change of the thermosensitive coating before and after the transient high-temperature field is loaded can be calculated to obtain the color change received by the thermosensitive coatingHeat quantity Q ═ Δ f ═ f (x)2)-f(x1) Combining with the loading time t (unit is s) of the transient high temperature field, the heat flux of the transient high temperature field can be obtained
(unit is W/m)-2) Therefore, the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field is realized.
The movable bolt is used for fixing the heat conducting element, the shape of the movable bolt is matched with that of screw holes on the packaging shell and the heat conducting element, and the diameter of the threaded part is phi11Satisfies 0.002m<φ11<t11Length l of5Satisfy l5＝l11+t2(ii) a The material of the movable bolt is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma5>200MPa, density rho5>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the movable bolt does not generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impact.
The process of measuring the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field by adopting the invention is as follows:
firstly, the invention is integrally and firmly fixed on a bracket, the transient high-temperature field and the normal line of the end surface of the invention are ensured to be positioned on the same straight line as much as possible, and the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavier support.
Secondly, observing and judging whether the heat conducting element is in close contact with the packaging shell or not; measuring the colour of the heat-sensitive coating and recording the colour number (x) of the heat-sensitive coating1)。
Thirdly, a transient high-temperature field is obtained by detonating the explosive, the color of the thermosensitive coating is measured after the transient high-temperature field is finished, and the color number (x) of the thermosensitive coating is recorded2). The corresponding relation between the heat (f (x)) and the color number (x) is calibrated through a heat-color number calibration experiment, and the heat Q ═ delta f ═ f (x) received by the thermosensitive coating can be calculated according to the color change of the thermosensitive coating before and after the transient high-temperature field is loaded2)-f(x1) And combining the loading time T (in the unit of s) of the transient high-temperature field to obtain the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field
(unit is W/m)-2) And the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field is realized.
And fourthly, detaching the movable bolt of the heat conducting element to replace the movable bolt with a new thermosensitive coating, so that the sensor is reused.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the invention can obtain the heat delta f received by the thermosensitive coating by measuring the colors of the thermosensitive coating before and after the experiment, and can conveniently obtain the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field at the sensor by combining the loading time of the transient high-temperature field, thereby completing the quantitative measurement of the heat flux of the transient high-temperature field.
2. The thermosensitive coating can be formed by various forms of different materials, different thicknesses and the like, so that the thermosensitive coating can form richer specifications, and higher response sensitivity to high, medium and low temperature transient high temperature fields can be realized according to the thermal conductivity and the temperature indicating range of the temperature indicating material, so that the thermosensitive coating can be suitable for measuring the heat fluxes of different types of transient high temperature fields.
3. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, no need of power supply, convenient arrangement and use, simple and visual result, low use cost, reusability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the package body 1.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the heat conducting element 2.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a thin-film heat flux sensor 3.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the thermally sensitive coating 4.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the movable bolt 5.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the packaging structure comprises a packaging shell, 2. a heat conducting element, 3. a thin film heat flux sensor, 4. a heat sensitive coating and 5. a movable bolt.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding and enabling those of ordinary skill in the art to practice the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the invention is composed of a packaging shell 1, a heat conducting element 2, a thin film heat flux sensor 3, a heat sensitive coating 4 and a movable bolt 5. The heat conducting element 2 is fixed at the bottomless end of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 5, and the bottomless end of the packaging shell 1 is packaged. The end of the present invention close to the heat conducting element 2 is defined as the right end, and the end of the present invention far from the heat conducting element 2 is defined as the left end. The film heat flux sensor 3 and the heat-sensitive coating 4 are embedded in the packaging shell 1, and the heat conducting element 2, the film heat flux sensor 3, the heat-sensitive coating 4 and the packaging shell 1 are coaxially mounted. The film heat flux sensor 3 is tightly attached to the left end face of the heat conducting element 2, the thermosensitive coating 4 is tightly attached to the left end face of the film heat flux sensor 3, and the film heat flux sensor 3 and the heat conducting element 2 and the film heat flux sensor 3 and the thermosensitive coating 4 are connected by a cementing agent which has heat conductivity lambda 3 larger than 100W/(m.k) and is high-temperature resistant (instant high-temperature resistant material which can resist 1 second to 10 minutes at 1000-10000 ℃).
Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the package case 1. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the package body 1 is of a cylindrical shape having a bottom and an outer diameter D1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m, wall thickness t11Satisfies 0.002m<t11<0.1m, inner diameter d1Satisfy d1＝D1-2t11Length L of1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<2 m; the bottom thickness of the left end of the packaging shell 1 is t12Satisfies 0.005m<t12<0.1m, and the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell 1 is l1Satisfy l1＝L1-t12(ii) a 4 screw holes 11 are processed on a concentric circle of the right end face of the packaging shell 1, and the distance r between the center of the 4 screw holes 11 and the center of the right end face of the packaging shell 1 (on the central axis OO' of the packaging shell 1) is1Satisfy r1＝(D1+d1) /4, diameter of screw hole 11 phi11Satisfies 0.002m<φ11<t11Depth l of screw hole 1111Satisfies 0.005m<l11<0.1m, fixing the heat conducting element 2 by the connection of the screw hole 11 and the movable bolt 5; the center O of the left end face of the packaging shell 1 is provided with 1 central screw hole 12, and the diameter phi of the central screw hole 1212Satisfies 0.005m<φ11<0.03m, central screw hole 12 depth l12Satisfies 0.002m<D1<0.5t12The package body 1 is fixed by connecting the central screw hole 12 with a fixture. The packaging shell 1 is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma1>200MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the package body 1 does not deform plastically when subjected to external impact. The inner wall and the outer wall of the packaging shell 1 are respectively stuck with a heat insulation layer (the heat conductivity lambda 1 satisfies 0.01W/(m.k) is less than or equal to lambda)1Not more than 0.04W/(m.k)), so that the inside and the outside of the packaging shell 1 do not have heat exchange, thereby achieving the purpose of heat insulation.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the heat conducting element 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the heat conducting element 2 is a circular thin plate, and the diameter of the heat conducting element 2 is D1Thickness t2Satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1 m; 4 screw through holes 21 are processed on the heat conducting element 2, and the distance r between the center of the screw through hole 21 and the center O' of the right end face of the heat conducting element 21The diameter of the screw through hole 21 is equal to phi11(ii) a Two end faces of the heat conducting element 2 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the packaging shell 1, so as to ensure that the heat conducting element 2 can uniformly transfer heat; the heat conducting element 2 is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 5; the heat conducting element 2 is made of a material with excellent heat conductivity (the heat conductivity satisfies lambda 2 & gt 100W/(m.K)), the material satisfies the principle that the heat conducting element 2 does not generate plastic deformation under the action of external impact, and the specific requirements are as follows: yield strength sigma2>200MPa, density rho2>2.0g/cm3. The heat conducting element 2 is fixed and removed by means of the movable bolts 5, so that a new heat sensitive coating 4 can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a thin-film heat flux sensor 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, is thinThe film heat flux sensor 3 is a circular thin sheet with a diameter d1Thickness t3Satisfies 0.002m<t3<0.1 m; the two end faces of the film heat flux sensor 3 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the package housing 1, so as to ensure that the film heat flux sensor 3 can uniformly transfer heat. The film heat flux sensor 3, the heat conducting element 2 and the heat sensitive coating 4 are coaxial, and two end faces are respectively connected with the heat conducting element 2 and the heat sensitive coating 4 through a cementing agent which has good heat conductivity (the heat conductivity satisfies lambda 3 more than 100W/(m.K)) and is high temperature resistant; the material requirements of the film heat flux sensor 3 meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3。
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the thermally sensitive coating 4. As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the thermosensitive coating 4 is a circular thin sheet with a diameter d1Thickness t4Satisfies 0.0005m<t4<0.05 m. The thermal sensitive coating 4 is made of a thermochromic material, the thermochromic material is made of dozens of chemicals (such as leuco dyes), when the heated temperature of the thermochromic material rises, the thermochromic material generates unrecoverable color change to different degrees according to different heat, and quantitative relation exists between the color change degree and the heat; the material of the thermosensitive coating 4 is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma4<1000MPa, density rho4<10.0g/cm3The temperature range 373K < T < 873K, and the response time is 10-100 mus. The heat conducting element 2 is fixed and removed by means of the movable bolts 5, so that a new heat sensitive coating 4 can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the movable bolt 5. As shown in fig. 2 and 7, a movable bolt 5 is used to connect the package case 1 and the heat conducting element 2, and the diameter of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is equal to phi11Length l of5Satisfy l5＝l11+t2(ii) a The material of the movable bolt 5 is required to satisfy: yield strength sigma5>200MPa, density rho5>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the movable bolt 5 does not undergo plastic deformation when subjected to external impact.
After the transient high temperature field is loaded, the color number of the thermosensitive coating 4 is measured to be (x)2) And is andthe color number (x) of the thermal sensitive coating 4 before the transient high temperature field loading is known1) And the heat quantity received by the heat-sensitive coating is Q ═ delta f ═ f (x) according to a function relation f (x) obtained by a heat-color number calibration test2)-f(x1) Combining with the loading time t (unit is s) of the transient high temperature field to obtain the heat flux of the transient high temperature field
The sensor can be reused by removing the movable bolt 5 connecting the package housing 1 and the heat conducting element 2 and replacing the heat sensitive coating 4 with a new one.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be adjusted correspondingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications (for example, changing the shape of the device from cylindrical to rectangular) can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the color change characteristic of a thermosensitive coating is characterized in that the transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the color change characteristic of the thermosensitive coating is composed of a packaging shell (1), a heat conducting element (2), a thin film heat flux sensor (3), a thermosensitive coating (4) and a movable bolt (5); the heat conducting element (2) is fixed at one bottomless end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (5) to package the bottomless end of the packaging shell (1); defining one end close to the heat conducting element (2) as a right end and defining one end far away from the heat conducting element (2) as a left end; the film heat flux sensor (3) and the thermosensitive coating (4) are embedded in the packaging shell (1), and the heat conducting element (2), the film heat flux sensor (3), the thermosensitive coating (4) and the packaging shell (1) are coaxially arranged; the film heat flux sensor (3) is tightly attached to the left end face of the heat conducting element (2), the thermosensitive coating (4) is tightly attached to the left end face of the film heat flux sensor (3), and the film heat flux sensor (3) and the heat conducting element (2) and the film heat flux sensor (3) and the thermosensitive coating (4) are connected by adopting a cementing agent;
the packaging shell (1) is a barrel shape with a bottom and the outer diameter is D1Wall thickness t11Inner diameter d1Satisfy d1＝D1-2t11Length of L1(ii) a The bottom thickness of the left end of the packaging shell (1) is t12The axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell (1) is l1Satisfy l1＝L1-t12(ii) a 4 screw holes (11) are processed on a concentric circle of the right end face of the packaging shell (1), and the distance between the center of each of the 4 screw holes (11) and the center of the right end face of the packaging shell (1) is r1The diameter of the screw hole (11) is phi11Fixing the heat conducting element (2) by connecting the screw hole (11) and the movable bolt (5); 1 central screw hole (12) is processed at the center O of the left end face of the packaging shell (1), and the packaging shell (1) is fixed through the connection of the central screw hole (12) and a fixed object; the material of the packaging shell (1) is required not to generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impact; the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the packaging shell (1) are respectively stuck with a heat insulation layer;
the heat conducting element (2) is a circular thin sheet, and the diameter of the heat conducting element (2) is equal to D1Thickness t2(ii) a 4 screw through holes (21) are processed on the heat conducting element (2), and the distance between the center of the screw through hole (21) and the center O' of the right end face of the heat conducting element (2) is r1The diameter of the screw through hole (21) is equal to phi11(ii) a Two end faces of the heat conducting element (2) are parallel and vertical to the central axis OO' of the packaging shell (1); the heat conducting element (2) is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (5); the heat conducting element (2) is made of an instant high-temperature-resistant material with the heat conductivity lambda 2 meeting lambda 2 of more than or equal to 100W/(m.k), and the material meets the condition that the heat conducting element (2) does not generate plastic deformation under the action of external impact; the heat conducting element (2) is fixed and disassembled through a movable bolt (5);
the film heat flux sensor (3) is a circular thin sheet with the diameter d1Thickness t3Two end faces of the film heat flux sensor (3) are parallel and vertical to a central axis OO' of the packaging shell (1); the film heat flux sensor (3) is coaxial with the heat-conducting element (2) and the thermosensitive coating (4), and two end faces are respectively connected with the heat-conducting element (2) and the thermosensitive coating (4) through cementing agents;
the heat-sensitive coating (4) is round and thinTablet with diameter d1Thickness t4(ii) a The thermal sensitive coating (4) is made of a thermochromic material, when the heated temperature of the thermochromic material rises, the thermochromic material generates unrecoverable color change of different degrees according to different heat, and a quantitative relation exists between the color change degree and the heat;
the movable bolt (5) is used for connecting the packaging shell (1) and the heat conducting element (2), and the movable bolt (5) is made of a material which does not generate plastic deformation when the movable bolt (5) is subjected to external impact.
2. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on thermosensitive coating discoloration property according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity λ 3 of the cementing agent is greater than 100 w/(m-k), and is a transient high temperature resistant material which is required to be resistant for 1 second to 10 minutes at 1000-10000 ℃.
3. The passive sensor of transient high temperature field heat flux based on thermosensitive coating discoloration property according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D of the package body (1)1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m, wall thickness t11Satisfies 0.002m<t11<0.1m, length L1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<2 m; the bottom thickness t of the left end of the packaging shell (1)12Satisfies 0.005m<t12<0.1m。
4. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the thermochromic characteristic of claim 1, wherein the center of the 4 screw holes (11) at the right end of the package body (1) is at a distance r from the center of the right end face of the package body (1)1Satisfy r1＝(D1+d1) /4, diameter phi of screw hole (11)11Satisfies 0.002m<φ11<t11Depth l of screw hole (11)11Satisfies 0.005m<l11<0.1 m; the diameter phi of a central screw hole (12) at the left end of the packaging shell (1)12Satisfies 0.005m<φ11<0.03m, depth l of central screw hole (12)12Satisfies 0.002m<D1<0.5t12。
5. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on thermosensitive coating discoloration property according to claim 1, characterized in that the requirements of the package case (1) material satisfy: yield strength sigma1>200MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3(ii) a The material requirement of the heat conducting element (2) is satisfied: yield strength sigma2>200MPa, density rho2>2.0g/cm3And can resist 1 second to 10 minutes at 1000-10000 ℃; the material requirements of the film heat flux sensor (3) meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3(ii) a The material requirement of the heat-sensitive coating (4) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma4<1000MPa, density rho4<10.0g/cm3The temperature range is 373K < T < 873K; the material requirement of the movable bolt (5) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma5>200MPa, density rho5>1g/cm3。
6. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the thermosensitive coating discoloration characteristic according to claim 5, wherein the package body (1) is made of a metal material or organic glass.
7. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on the discoloration characteristic of the thermosensitive coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal conductivity λ 1 of the thermal insulation layer attached to the inner and outer walls of the package body (1) satisfies 0.01W/(m-k) ≦ λ 11≤0.04W/(m·k)。
8. The passive sensor of transient high temperature field heat flux based on the thermochromic behavior of claim 1, characterized in that the thickness t of the heat conducting element (2)2Satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1 m; the diameter of the 4 screw through holes (21) on the heat conducting element (2) is equal to phi11。
9. The passive sensor of transient high temperature field heat flux based on thermochromic coating color change characteristics of claim 1, wherein said sensor is characterized byIs in the thickness t of the thin film heat flux sensor (3)3Satisfies 0.002m<t3<0.1m。
10. The transient high temperature field heat flux passive sensor based on thermosensitive coating discoloration property according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermosensitive coating (4) thickness t4Satisfies 0.0005m<t4<0.05m。
11. The passive sensor of transient high temperature field heat flux based on the thermochromic characteristic of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the thread part of the movable bolt (5) is phi11Length l of5Satisfy l5＝l11+t2。
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