CN113028392A - Micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting method for circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting method for circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113028392A CN113028392A CN202110259554.3A CN202110259554A CN113028392A CN 113028392 A CN113028392 A CN 113028392A CN 202110259554 A CN202110259554 A CN 202110259554A CN 113028392 A CN113028392 A CN 113028392A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microfluidization cold-state ignition starting method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, belonging to the technical field of energy power, and the starting method comprises the following steps: s1: testing whether the ignition condition is met, and if so, entering the next step; if not, returning to debugging; s2: igniting through an oil gun and heating the bed layer; s3: according to different initial coal feeding temperatures for ignition of different coal types, after the temperature of a bed layer is raised to a preset temperature, coal feeding is started discontinuously; in the coal feeding process, the oil pressure of the oil gun is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coal feeding amount; s4: when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 630-670 ℃, the oil guns begin to withdraw, and when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 780-820 ℃, all the oil guns are removed, so that the problems of slow temperature rise of bed materials, large deviation of the bed temperature, long starting time, high oil consumption and the like can be well solved, the running accidents of coking of a hearth, damage of an ignition burner and the like can be effectively avoided, and the purposes of greatly improving the safety and the economical efficiency of cold ignition starting of the circulating fluidized bed boiler are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy power, and particularly relates to a micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting method for a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers are rapidly developed and widely applied in China due to the advantages of wide fuel adaptability, low original pollutant emission concentration, good low-load stable combustion characteristic and the like, and the number of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler units put into commercial operation is large.
In the existing CFB boiler unit, multiple starts of the unit are inevitable due to factors in equipment, power grids and the like, and due to the cognitive limitation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler technology, inaccurate specifications of boiler equipment, insufficient practical operation experience and the like, the boiler has long starting time and high oil consumption, even a hearth is coked, an ignition burner is damaged, safety accidents such as boiler ignition starting failure and the like are caused in the starting process of the unit by a plurality of boiler operators in the power plant, and the normal operation work of the boiler operators in the power plant is seriously hindered and puzzled.
At present, in domestic Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers, cold-state ignition starting is carried out, a fuel oil ignition gun is put into a power plant under the condition that hearth bed materials are completely fluidized, and primary fluidized air is heated to gradually heat the bed materials to the temperature at which coal as fired can be completely ignited so as to completely replace fuel oil by the coal as fired and maintain the normal operation bed temperature of a hearth, thereby completing the cold-state starting process of the boilers. In the ignition mode, the problems of large primary fluidized air quantity, high inlet oil pressure, large output of an oil gun, unreasonable hearth layer height and bed material granularity, slow bed material temperature rise, large bed temperature deviation and over-temperature of an ignition burner are caused, the starting time is long, the oil consumption is high, even running accidents such as hearth coking, damage of the ignition burner and the like are caused, and the smooth ignition starting of a boiler is seriously influenced.
Aiming at the problem of ignition starting commonly existing in the conventional CFB boiler, an operation method for micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting of the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler needs to be optimized urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for starting a circulating fluidized bed boiler by micro-fluidization cold-state ignition, so as to solve the problems of slow bed material temperature rise, large bed temperature deviation, long start time, high oil consumption, etc., and effectively avoid operating accidents such as coking of a furnace chamber, damage of an ignition burner, etc., thereby greatly improving the safety and the economical efficiency of the cold-state ignition start of the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting method for a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises the following steps:
s1: testing whether the ignition condition is met, and if so, entering the next step; if not, returning to debugging;
s2: igniting through an oil gun and heating the bed layer;
s3: according to different initial coal feeding temperatures for ignition of different coal types, after the temperature of a bed layer is raised to a preset temperature, coal feeding is started discontinuously; in the coal feeding process, the oil pressure of the oil gun is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coal feeding amount;
s4: when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 630-670 ℃, the oil gun is withdrawn, and when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 780-820 ℃, all the oil guns are removed.
Further, the starting method further comprises the following steps:
s5: after the oil guns are completely removed, the coal is continuously fed and the air quantity is adjusted in real time, after the temperature of a bed layer is stable, the boiler is operated in a load-increasing mode, and then the boiler unit is normally operated.
Further, the time required from the ignition of the oil gun to the removal of all the oil guns is controlled to be 6-8 hours.
Further, the bed temperature rise is divided into a first stage and a second stage, the bed temperature of the first stage is 20-350 ℃, and the ignition fluidization air quantity is not more than the lowest critical fluidization air quantity; the temperature of the bed layer in the second stage is 350-450 ℃, and the ignition fluidization air quantity is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the lowest critical fluidization air quantity.
Further, the step S1 includes: fluidization inspection and oil gun atomization test, if the fluidization inspection and the oil gun atomization test are qualified, the ignition condition is met; if the fluidization check and/or the oil gun atomization test fail, the condition is not met.
Further, the fluidization check includes: and checking the starting state of the fan and the starting state of the bed material system, wherein the bed material granularity distribution of the bed material system is 0-6 mm, and the bed material adding height of the bed material system is 500-600 mm.
Furthermore, when the oil gun is ignited, mechanical atomization is adopted for atomization of the oil gun, and the oil pressure at the inlet of the oil gun is set to be 2.0-2.2 MPa.
Furthermore, the coal types of the coal feeding are lignite, bituminous coal, lean coal, gangue and anthracite, the coal feeding temperature of the lignite is 340-360 ℃, the coal feeding temperature of the bituminous coal is 380-400 ℃, and the coal feeding temperature of the lean coal and the gangue is 420-450 ℃; the coal feeding temperature of the anthracite is 500-520 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the microfluidization cold-state ignition starting method for the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the starting method is optimized and improved, the oil pressure at the inlet of the ignition oil gun is low, the ignition time is short, the starting oil consumption is greatly reduced, the safety and the operation economy of boiler equipment are remarkably improved in the operation of the boiler, the method has good guiding effect and practical popularization value in practical application, and obvious safety and economic benefit can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of main control parameters for ignition start of a boiler in a micro-fluidization cold-state ignition start method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ignition start-up process of the boiler in the micro-fluidization cold-state ignition start-up method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of the orientation or the positional relationship is based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those skilled in the art; the drawings in the embodiments are used for clearly and completely describing the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the invention, but not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Example 1
The start method optimizes and designs the fluidization state, the combustion idea and a new operation control mode of the cold ignition start of the boiler from multiple aspects of fluidization state, combustion air volume, operation temperature, inlet oil pressure, oil gun output, bed material height, particle size distribution, coal feeding mode and the like, can well solve the problems existing in the original ignition start mode, effectively avoids operation accidents of hearth coking, ignition burner damage, heating surface deformation and the like in the ignition process of the boiler, and greatly improves the safety and the economical efficiency of the cold ignition start of the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Specifically, the starting method comprises the following steps:
s1: testing whether the ignition condition is met, and if so, entering the next step; if not, returning to debugging; wherein, whether the ignition condition is met is judged as follows:
carrying out fluidization inspection and oil gun atomization test, and if the fluidization inspection and the oil gun atomization test are qualified, meeting ignition conditions; if the fluidization check and/or the oil gun atomization test fail, the condition is not met.
In this embodiment, the fluidization check includes: checking the starting state of the fan and the starting state of the bed material system, and starting the fan if the fan is abnormal after the checking of the starting state of the fan is finished; the bed material system is positioned in the hearth, and after the start state of the bed material system is checked, if the preset parameters are met, the bed material system is started; otherwise, setting the bed material particle size distribution of the bed material system to be 0-6 mm, and preferably selecting 0-3 mm in practical application; and the bed material adding height of the bed material system is set to be 500-600 mm, and the bed material adding height should not exceed 700mm in practical application. Based on the limitation on the granularity distribution of the bed materials and the adding height of the bed materials, the temperature rise of the bed materials of the hearth can be ensured to be fast, and the temperature distribution of the bed layers is uniform.
S2: igniting by oil gun and heating the bed
The oil gun as described in fig. 1 provides fuel ignition in the ignition burner under the action of the supplied fuel. When the oil gun is ignited, the minimum oil pressure for good atomization of the oil gun can be met. In the embodiment, mechanical atomization is adopted for oil gun atomization, and the oil pressure at the inlet of the oil gun is set to be 2.0 MPa-2.2 MPa, and in practical application, the oil pressure should not exceed 2.4 MPa. Because when the oil gun is ignited, the oil pressure at the inlet of the oil gun is low, the oil consumption is favorably reduced greatly, and meanwhile, the temperature of the outlet smoke of the ignition combustor is low, so that no overtemperature exists, and the equipment damage can be avoided.
Introducing primary fluidized air into an air chamber to realize bed layer temperature rise under the coordination of the primary fluidized air, wherein the bed layer temperature rise is divided into a first stage and a second stage, the bed layer temperature of the first stage is 20-350 ℃, the ignition fluidized air quantity (namely the primary fluidized air) does not exceed the lowest critical fluidized air quantity, the critical fluidized air quantity of bed materials is met, and the maximum fluidized air quantity does not exceed the lowest fluidized air quantity.
The temperature of the bed layer in the second stage is 350-450 ℃, and the ignition fluidization air quantity (namely, primary fluidization air) is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the lowest critical fluidization air quantity, and the highest fluidization air quantity is not more than 2 times in practical application.
In the two stages, because the primary fluidization air volume is small, the power consumption of the primary fan can be obviously reduced.
S3: according to different initial coal feeding temperatures for ignition of different coal types, after the bed layer is heated to a preset temperature, intermittent coal feeding is started, coal feeding is performed into the hearth through the coal inlet, and the intermittent coal feeding is routine operation for a person skilled in the art, and is not described again here. Specifically, the initial coal feeding temperatures for ignition of different coal types are different, and need to be treated differently and appropriately selected as follows:
the coal types of the coal feeding are lignite, bituminous coal, lean coal, gangue and anthracite, wherein the coal feeding temperature of the lignite is 340-360 ℃; the coal feeding temperature of the bituminous coal is 380-400 ℃; the coal feeding temperature of the lean coal and the gangue is 420-450 ℃; the coal feeding temperature of the anthracite is 500-520 ℃.
In the coal feeding process, the oil pressure of the oil gun is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coal feeding amount, and the specific design is as follows:
because the coal feeding quantity relation that 1 part of fuel oil is 2.5-3 times is satisfied, and the oil quantity of the fuel oil has positive correlation with the oil pressure, the oil pressure of an oil gun is adaptively adjusted in the coal feeding process, for example: with the increase of 1 ton of coal feeding quantity, the oil quantity of fuel oil needs to be reduced by 0.33 ton, and correspondingly, the oil pressure is set according to the actual parameters of the oil gun. The formula is summarized as follows: and Y/a is X, wherein Y is a coal feeding rate, a is a coefficient and is 2.5-3, X is a fuel feeding rate, and X is in positive correlation with the oil pressure, and according to the formula, when ignition is started, the oil pressure is reduced and the coal feeding amount is gradually increased.
S4: when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 630-670 ℃, the oil guns begin to be withdrawn, and when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 780-820 ℃, all the oil guns should be removed in time; in practical application, the oil gun can be selected to be withdrawn when the bed temperature reaches 650 ℃ or above, and all the oil guns should be removed in time when the bed temperature reaches 800 ℃ or above.
S5: after the oil guns are completely removed, the air volume of the primary fluidized air is adjusted in real time through continuous coal feeding (continuous coal feeding is also a conventional means adopted by the technical personnel in the field and is not described herein any more), and after the bed temperature is stable, the boiler is operated under load-increasing condition, and then the boiler unit is normally operated.
Because the ignition starting time is not suitable to be too long, in the starting method, the time required from the ignition of the oil gun to the removal of all the oil guns is controlled to be 6-8 hours. Particularly, the time of the oil gun is required to be shortened as much as possible, and in practical application, the time is preferably not more than 6 hours so as to enter a full-coal-feeding stable-combustion running state as soon as possible and further reduce the oil consumption. And the economic benefit is improved.
Example 2
Taking the 'ignition start coking accident' treatment of a certain 330MW subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler in China as an example, after the boiler is improved in efficiency, in the process of first cold ignition start, large bed temperature deviation and slow temperature rise occur, operators increase the fluidized air quantity and improve the inlet oil pressure, the bed temperature slowly rises, after the bed temperature reaches the coal feeding condition for a long time, coal feeding is started intermittently, the coal fed into the boiler is not completely ignited and combusted due to mismatching of the combustion air quantity and the coal feeding quantity, so that a large amount of carbon not burnt is accumulated in the boiler, along with the rise of the bed temperature, the carbon not burnt in the boiler, the coal fed into the boiler is ignited and the fuel oil is combusted together, so that the bed temperature is rapidly raised, the once fluidized air quantity is not increased in time, the bed temperature is seriously over-heated, the bed material in the boiler is coked in a large area, and the.
By analyzing the accident reason for the power plant, the power plant is suggested to adopt the ignition starting method as provided in the embodiment 1, and the granularity of the starting bed material and the material layer adding height are adjusted; the micro-fluidization state is adopted, and the primary fluidization air quantity and the oil gun output are greatly reduced; simultaneously optimizing the initial coal feeding temperature and the intermittent coal feeding mode; the temperature rise rate is controlled and the oil gun is removed as early as possible, so that the phenomenon of over-temperature of an ignition burner and a bed temperature is prevented, the normal temperature rise rate of the bed temperature, the timely input of fuel coal and the smooth removal of the ignition oil gun are ensured, and the ignition starting of the boiler is smoothly completed.
Example 3
Take the problem of large ignition starting temperature difference and high oil consumption of a certain 350MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler in China as an example. In the cold ignition starting process of the boiler in the whole starting and commissioning phase, the bed temperature deviation of the front wall and the rear wall of a hearth is extremely large (300 ℃), the bed temperature rises very slowly, the primary fluidized air volume is large (in a completely fluidized state), the fuel pressure (3.2MPa) is high, the oil gun output is large (6-7 t/h), the bed temperature hardly reaches the coal feeding temperature, the coal feeding is difficult when guiding, the oil gun cannot be removed when delaying, and the whole ignition process is extremely long (6-7 h) and the oil gun is extremely high (80 t).
The power plant considers that the design of the boiler has problems, and through cause analysis and technical communication, the power plant is recommended to adopt the ignition starting method as in the embodiment 1 to adjust the granularity of the starting bed material and the material bed adding height; the micro-fluidization state is adopted, and the primary fluidization air quantity and the oil gun output are greatly reduced; simultaneously optimizing the initial coal feeding temperature and the intermittent coal feeding mode; the temperature rise rate is controlled, the oil gun is removed as soon as possible, the ignition starting time is shortened (controlled to be 4-5 h), the oil consumption is greatly reduced (reduced by about 40t), and the smooth completion of the ignition starting of the boiler is ensured.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A micro-fluidization cold-state ignition starting method for a circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: testing whether the ignition condition is met, and if so, entering the next step; if not, returning to debugging;
s2: igniting through an oil gun and heating the bed layer;
s3: according to different initial coal feeding temperatures for ignition of different coal types, after the temperature of a bed layer is raised to a preset temperature, coal feeding is started discontinuously; in the coal feeding process, the oil pressure of the oil gun is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coal feeding amount;
s4: when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 630-670 ℃, the oil gun is withdrawn, and when the temperature of the bed layer reaches 780-820 ℃, all the oil guns are removed.
2. The method of microfluidization cold-ignition start-up of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
s5: after the oil guns are completely removed, the coal is continuously fed and the air quantity is adjusted in real time, after the temperature of a bed layer is stable, the boiler is operated in a load-increasing mode, and then the boiler unit is normally operated.
3. The method for starting a microfluidization cold ignition of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein the time required from the ignition of the oil gun to the removal of all the oil guns is controlled to 6 to 8 hours.
4. The microfluidization cold ignition start-up method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein the bed temperature rise is divided into a first stage and a second stage, the bed temperature of the first stage is 20 ℃ to 350 ℃, and the ignition fluidization air volume does not exceed the minimum critical fluidization air volume; the temperature of the bed layer in the second stage is 350-450 ℃, and the ignition fluidization air quantity is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the lowest critical fluidization air quantity.
5. The microfluidization cold ignition start-up method of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises: fluidization inspection and oil gun atomization test, if the fluidization inspection and the oil gun atomization test are qualified, the ignition condition is met; if the fluidization check and/or the oil gun atomization test fail, the condition is not met.
6. The method of microfluidization cold-ignition start-up of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 5, wherein the fluidization check comprises: and checking the starting state of the fan and the starting state of the bed material system, wherein the bed material granularity distribution of the bed material system is 0-6 mm, and the bed material adding height of the bed material system is 500-600 mm.
7. The microfluidization cold ignition start-up method of claim 1, wherein mechanical atomization is used for oil gun atomization when the oil gun is ignited, and an oil pressure at an oil gun inlet is set to 2.0MPa to 2.2 MPa.
8. The method for starting micro-fluidization cold ignition of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein the coal types of the coal charge are lignite, bituminous coal, lean coal, gangue and anthracite, and the coal charge temperature of the lignite is 340 ℃ to 360 ℃, the coal charge temperature of the bituminous coal is 380 ℃ to 400 ℃, and the coal charge temperature of the lean coal and the gangue is 420 ℃ to 450 ℃; the coal feeding temperature of the anthracite is 500-520 ℃.
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