CN113027017A - 一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙 - Google Patents
一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,包括温控开关、电源、温度传感器、框架和夹胶玻璃;夹胶玻璃包括室内侧玻璃、室外侧镀银玻璃、透明导电涂层、导电银浆层、稀土隔热胶膜;稀土隔热胶膜夹在室内侧玻璃和室外侧镀银玻璃之间,室内侧玻璃与稀土隔热胶膜贴合的一侧涂覆有透明导电涂层,透明导电涂层边缘涂覆有导电银浆层,室外侧镀银玻璃与稀土隔热胶膜贴合的一侧涂覆银层;夹胶玻璃安装在框架上,导电银浆层上还焊接有电极及连接电路;框架上设有导电银浆连接处,导电银浆连接处与温控开关和电源形成闭合回路;夹胶玻璃上设有与温控开关连接的温度传感器。该幕墙隔热蓄热与自热的模式相结合,同时实现防结露、隔热节能的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑用外墙装饰材料领域,尤其是涉及一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙。
背景技术
被动房是一种全新的节能建筑房屋,是通过充分利用可再生能源是所有消耗的一次性能源总和不超过120千瓦•小时/(平米.年)的房屋。被动房建筑的大范围推广与普及将大大降低全社会的建筑能耗与碳排放,对我国经济发展具有重要意义。然而,实现如此低的建筑能耗并不容易,需要极大提高现有建材,尤其对于现代大型高层建筑,基本都采用玻璃幕墙作为建筑的外墙围护,这对玻璃幕墙的隔热性能是极大的考验。
目前用于被动房的玻璃材料主要采用三玻保温玻璃,从外向里数,第二和第五个面有low-e涂层,玻璃采用暖边间隔条,玻璃尽量伸入框架2-3 cm,而普通玻璃材料仅为1.5cm,玻璃内填充如氩气等惰性气体,用来降低窗体的导热性。框架型材通常采用断桥铝来保证其隔热性能,此外,通常会在框架最内侧黏合具有优良保温性能的实木材料,在保证框架美观的同时,进一步提高框架的隔热性能。然而,目前这类玻璃幕墙存在以下几个问题:
首先,是室内高湿度易导致玻璃结露问题。众所周知,热可以通过热传导,热对流和热辐射三种形式传输。在被动房中,为了降低室内外热传输,需要尽可能降低室内外空气流动。而这就导致了被动房室内通常具有较高的湿度。当固体(玻璃、框架)表面温度低于临近潮湿空气的露点温度低时,空气当中的水蒸汽变化为液体的水凝结在冷的固体表面,就会产生严重的结露现象。玻璃表面结露会严重影响玻璃的透光度与美观性。在现有技术中,可采用对玻璃进行表面涂覆涂层的方式来实现防止玻璃结露,例如专利CN105176371B提出在玻璃表面涂覆超亲水涂层可以防止表面结露。这类技术的原理是通过形成高能表面,使玻璃表面形成的水滴能够迅速铺展,浸润,并流下去。然而,流下来的水会导致实木框架进水,长期使用会导致木质结构发霉、变型,进而损害窗户的隔热性能。对玻璃进行电致加热是另一种解决方案。CN103502875B专利提出将导电材料涂覆在玻璃表面,在电流作用下使其加热升温,通过提高玻璃温度可以有效抑制水在玻璃表面凝结,然而,这种方案也存在问题:一方面,现有技术中通常采用电阻丝作为导电材料(如CN203537583U),电阻丝会影响玻璃的透光度与美观性;另一方面,为了持久地实现结露性能,需要持续对玻璃通电,其能耗较高,这与被动房的节能理念背道而驰。
其次,现有被动房玻璃对近红外线的防护能力不足,且易产生光污染。由于玻璃自身的透光性,热量可以以热辐射的形式在室内外自由交换。例如在太阳夕照的房间,室温仍然升高。据报道,太阳光光谱能量中,高达55%的能量为人眼不可见的红外线,43%的能量为可见光,其余能量为紫外光。在现有技术中,被动房玻璃主要采用Low-E玻璃来实现幕墙隔热性能。在玻璃表面沉积纳米级银层后,其通过银层反射掉人眼不可见的红外线来实现隔热性能。这种技术的问题在于:一方面,Low-E玻璃对远红外线防护性能较好,对近红外的防护能力不足。另一方面,Low-E玻璃的反射隔热机制也导致了建筑形成了大量的白亮光污染问题。
综上所述,市场需要一种新型玻璃幕墙,一方面,需要解决玻璃易结露问题,现有技术中,在玻璃表面涂覆亲水或疏水涂层后会导致露水流到框架造成框架发霉变型;而采用电致加热玻璃,现有电致加热玻璃产品电路暴露在玻璃表面,影响视觉和美观,且缺乏安全性,此外,需要全天通电,并导致电力能耗损失加大。另一方面,需要幕墙有更好的隔热性能,尤其是对近红外光的防护性能,且要避免光污染的出现。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,通过创新的结构设计,隔热蓄热与自热的模式相结合,同时实现防结露、隔热节能的作用。
一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,包括温控开关、电源、温度传感器、框架和夹胶玻璃;
所述夹胶玻璃包括室内侧玻璃、室外侧镀银玻璃、透明导电涂层、导电银浆层、稀土隔热胶膜;所述稀土隔热胶膜夹在室内侧玻璃和室外侧镀银玻璃之间,所述室内侧玻璃与稀土隔热胶膜贴合的一侧涂覆有透明导电涂层,所述透明导电涂层边缘涂覆有厚度为1.5-110nm的导电银浆层,所述室外侧镀银玻璃与稀土隔热胶膜贴合的一侧涂覆银层;所述稀土隔热胶膜的厚度为0.2-2mm,所述透明导电涂层的厚度为0.3-90nm;所述透明导电涂层由PEDOT:PSS(聚噻吩与聚苯乙烯磺酸钠复合物)与树脂混合,并加入紫外线吸收剂、固化剂搅匀后形成,PEDOT:PSS与树脂的质量混合比例为(0.5-3):2;
所述夹胶玻璃安装在框架上,导电银浆层上还焊接有电极及连接电路;所述框架上设有导电银浆连接处,导电银浆连接处与温控开关和电源形成闭合回路;所述夹胶玻璃上设有温度传感器,温度传感器与温控开关连接。
相比于传统的电阻丝材料,透明导电涂层材料可以避免其对玻璃透光性与美观的破坏。
进一步,所述树脂为聚氨酯、有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂中的两种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步,所述有机硅树脂为SI-100、SI-400、PSI-050、PSI-060、ACR902、ACR-903、ACR-904A中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步,所述紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸苯酯、UV-P、UV-O、UV-9、UV531、UVP-327、二氧化铈中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步,所述固化剂为脂肪胺、脂环映、酸酐固化剂或聚酰胺中的任一种。
进一步,所述稀土隔热胶膜由包括如下步骤的方法制备:将稀土硼化物与铯钨青铜粉搅拌混合后,分散于分散介质中,随后将分散液砂磨并超声后制备出分散均匀的高透稀土纳米复合隔热浆料;之后将该浆料与市售的EVA母粒混合流延成膜,或与PVB树脂粉、3GO增塑剂混合流延成膜。
进一步,所述稀土硼化物为硼化镧、硼化铈、硼化钐、硼化铕、硼化镨、硼化钕、硼化钆、硼化钇中的一种。
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙具有以下优势:
相比于现有技术中常用的Low-E玻璃,稀土隔热胶膜这种材料是通过对特定波长红外线的吸收来实现隔热效果。在本发明中,一方面,利用该材料吸收太阳光中的近红外线来实现玻璃对太阳光的隔热效果,另一方面,这类材料会将吸收掉的红外线转变为热能,并进一步给玻璃加热,从而防止玻璃结露。因此在白天,玻璃可以将本应当进入室内的太阳辐射能量转移到玻璃表面,在实现隔热性能的同时来防止玻璃结露,充分利用了太阳的辐射能量。而电能仅仅在夜晚时被用于加热玻璃。相比于现有技术中的电热玻璃,该设计不仅可以实现隔热性能,还通过对太阳辐射能的充分利用,大大降低的外部输入电能的消耗,实现了隔热蓄热与自热模式相结合。
本发明玻璃幕墙还可大幅减少现有玻璃厚度,结构更加简化,无需中空或填充气体,从而减少幕墙重量,降低玻璃成本,增加使用寿命且加工便捷,可以利用材料的性能吸收热量达到隔热、蓄热效果,可大幅降低室内能耗及现有幕墙需无间断通电而耗费的用电量。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙主视图及其控制电路图;
图2为本发明实施例所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙的剖视图。
附图标记说明:
1-温控开关;2-电源;3-温度传感器;4-导电银浆连接处;5-框架;6-室内侧玻璃;7-室外侧镀银玻璃;8-透明导电涂层;9-导电银浆层;10-稀土隔热胶膜。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,包括温控开关1、电源2、温度传感器3、框架5和夹胶玻璃;
所述夹胶玻璃包括:
室内侧玻璃6:玻璃基层表面先辊涂一层透明导电涂料形成透明导电涂层8,其涂料为PEDOT:PSS与ACR-903、聚氨酯树脂混合形成混合物,其中,ACR-903与聚氨酯树脂的重量比为4:3,PEDOT:PSS与混合树脂的重量比为3:2,再将UV-9、醋酐固化剂与上述混合物混合,其重量比为混合物:UV-9:醋酐固化剂为9:4.5:2,厚度为50nm。
导电银浆层8:厦门翰森达电子科技有限公司购买S8500产品,在透明导电涂层8面通过丝网印刷将导电银浆印于玻璃上下框架位置,再将电极及控制电路焊接于导电银浆层上,涂层厚度为80nm。
稀土隔热胶膜10:选用硼化镧与铯钨青铜粉二者重量比为1:1.5,充分混合后分散于PMA中,混合粉体与PMA重量比为3.5:10,随后用砂磨机砂磨40h后,得到隔热浆料,将上述稀隔热浆料与EVA母粒混合流延成膜得到稀土隔热胶膜,胶膜厚度为0.38mm。
将稀土隔热胶膜夹在室内侧玻璃、室外侧镀银玻璃之中,在夹胶炉中制成夹胶玻璃。
如图1所示,将上述夹胶玻璃安装在框架5上,框架5上设有导电银浆连接处4,通过导电银浆连接处4与夹胶玻璃内与导电银浆层连通的连接电路连通,从而使得玻璃与温控开关1和电源2形成闭合回路;夹胶玻璃上设有温度传感器3,温度传感器3与温控开关1连接。温度传感器3将玻璃的温度传递到温控开关1,再由温控开关对温度进行判断,实现电路的通断。其中,温控开关1、温度传感器3、电路连接方式都是现有技术常规技术手段。
对安装该幕墙的建筑进行温度测定,室内温度20℃,相对湿度40%条件下,根据常用温湿图查阅得知,露点温度为6℃,因此将温控开关处设置最低温度为6℃,最高温度为20℃,当玻璃表面温度低于6℃时温控开关会自动打开并通电加热,当玻璃温度达到 20℃开关会自动断开。实验表明,相同条件下,普通玻璃幕墙需24h通电加热,本设计玻璃幕墙由于隔热涂层吸热及储热效果,全天通电4h,幕墙无结露现象。
实施例2
一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,包括温控开关1、电源2、温度传感器3、框架5和夹胶玻璃;
所述夹胶玻璃包括:
室内侧玻璃6:玻璃基层表面先辊涂一层透明导电涂料形成透明导电涂层8,其涂料为PEDOT:PSS与ACR-904A、环氧树脂混合形成混合物,其中,ACR-904A与环氧树脂的重量比为1.3:2,PEDOT:PSS与混合树脂的重量比为2:2,再将UVP-327、脂环映与上述混合物混合,其重量比为混合物:UVP-327: 脂环映为6:1:3.5,第一膜层厚度为26nm。
导电银浆层8:厦门翰森达电子科技有限公司购买S8500产品,在透明导电涂层8面通过丝网印刷将导电银浆印于玻璃上下框架位置,再将电极及控制电路焊接于导电银浆层上,涂层厚度为30nm。
稀土隔热胶膜10:选用硼化铈与铯钨青铜粉二者重量比为1:4,充分混合后分散于PMA中,混合粉体与PMA重量比为3:11,随后用砂磨机砂磨43h后,得到隔热浆料,将上述隔热浆料与EVA母粒混合流延成膜得到稀土隔热胶膜,胶膜厚度为0.56mm。
将稀土隔热胶膜夹在室内侧玻璃、室外侧镀银玻璃之中,在夹胶炉中制成夹胶玻璃。
该防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙结构如实施例1所述,不同在于夹胶玻璃采用本实施例所制备的玻璃。
同样安装该幕墙的建筑进行温度测定,室内温度20℃,相对湿度40%条件下,根据常用温湿图查阅得知,露点温度为6℃,因此将温控开关处设置最低温度为6℃,最高温度为20℃,当玻璃表面温度低于6℃时温控开关会自动打开并通电加热,当玻璃温度达到20℃开关会自动断开。实验表明,相同条件下,普通玻璃幕墙需24h通电加热,本设计玻璃幕墙由于隔热涂层吸热及储热效果,全天通电5.5h,幕墙无结露现象。
对比例:采用普通Low-E玻璃
对单银Low-e玻璃光学透过率侧视图与太阳光谱对比图进行对比。
一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,在实施例1的基础上,将夹胶玻璃替换成普通Low-E玻璃。
表1 实施例1-2和对比例比较情况表
通过上表可以发现,实施例1与实施例2的U值明显低于对比例,U值越高,材料的保温性越差。因此实施例1与实施例2比对比例具有更为优异的隔热效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:包括温控开关(1)、电源(2)、温度传感器(3)、框架(5)和夹胶玻璃;
所述夹胶玻璃包括室内侧玻璃(6)、室外侧镀银玻璃(7)、透明导电涂层(8)、导电银浆层(9)、稀土隔热胶膜(10);所述稀土隔热胶膜(10)夹在室内侧玻璃(6)和室外侧镀银玻璃(7)之间,所述室内侧玻璃(6)与稀土隔热胶膜(10)贴合的一侧涂覆有透明导电涂层(8),所述透明导电涂层(8)边缘涂覆有厚度为1.5-110nm的导电银浆层(9),所述室外侧镀银玻璃(7)与稀土隔热胶膜(10)贴合的一侧涂覆银层;所述稀土隔热胶膜(10)的厚度为0.2-2mm,所述透明导电涂层(8)的厚度为0.3-90nm;所述透明导电涂层(8)由PEDOT:PSS与树脂混合,并加入紫外线吸收剂、固化剂搅匀后形成,PEDOT:PSS与树脂的质量混合比例为(0.5-3):2;
所述夹胶玻璃安装在框架(5)上,导电银浆层(9)上还焊接有电极及连接电路;所述框架(5)上设有导电银浆连接处(4),导电银浆连接处(4)与温控开关(1)和电源(2)形成闭合回路;所述夹胶玻璃上设有温度传感器(3),温度传感器(3)与温控开关(1)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述树脂为聚氨酯、有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂中的两种或两种以上的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述有机硅树脂为SI-100、SI-400、PSI-050、PSI-060、ACR902、ACR-903、ACR-904A中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述紫外线吸收剂为水杨酸苯酯、UV-P、UV-O、UV-9、UV531、UVP-327、二氧化铈中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述固化剂为脂肪胺、脂环映、酸酐固化剂或聚酰胺中的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述稀土隔热胶膜(9)由包括如下步骤的方法制备:将稀土硼化物与铯钨青铜粉搅拌混合后,分散于分散介质中,随后将分散液砂磨并超声后制备出分散均匀的高透稀土纳米复合隔热浆料;之后将该浆料与市售的EVA母粒混合流延成膜,或与PVB树脂粉、3GO增塑剂混合流延成膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防结露加热控温夹胶隔热玻璃幕墙,其特征在于:所述稀土硼化物为硼化镧、硼化铈、硼化钐、硼化铕、硼化镨、硼化钕、硼化钆、硼化钇中的一种。
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