CN113025662A - Method for extracting biological clean energy - Google Patents

Method for extracting biological clean energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113025662A
CN113025662A CN202110402655.1A CN202110402655A CN113025662A CN 113025662 A CN113025662 A CN 113025662A CN 202110402655 A CN202110402655 A CN 202110402655A CN 113025662 A CN113025662 A CN 113025662A
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straw
fermentation
fermentation reactor
straws
clean energy
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董利先
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023Methane
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P2201/00Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P2203/00Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting biological clean energy, which comprises the following steps: straw pretreatment, straw soaking and structural fermentation. Mix through putting the domestic water of straw powder in the reaction tank, can make the cellulose in the straw powder fully dissolve after adding the sodium hydroxide solution, reduce the content of cellulose in the straw powder, thereby be favorable to the fermentation of straw powder, and the sodium hydroxide solution can make and be basicity in the fermentation reactor, prevent that the inside pH value of filter residue fermentation reactor when the fermentation from crossing excessively, the methane of output after the fermentation can regard as clean energy directly to use, need not to regard as the straw itself as fuel, prevent that the environmental pollution condition from worsening.

Description

Method for extracting biological clean energy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clean energy, and particularly relates to a method for extracting biological clean energy.
Background
The exact definition of clean energy should be: the method has three meanings for a technical system with clean, efficient and systematic application of energy sources: firstly, clean energy is not simply classified into energy, but refers to a technical system for energy utilization; secondly, the clean energy not only emphasizes the cleanness but also emphasizes the economy; finally, the cleanness of the clean energy refers to meeting a certain emission standard, wherein the biological energy is renewable clean energy, and the carrier of the biological energy is organic matter, so the energy exists in the form of a real object, is the only renewable energy which can be stored and transported, and has the widest distribution, is not limited by weather and natural conditions, and as long as living places have biomass;
a large amount of straws are generated in the agricultural production process, and straw briquettes are a rural energy clean utilization mode advocated by China, but the cost is too high, and because cellulose and lignin in the straws are not removed, a large amount of tar is generated in the combustion process, the environment is polluted, and meanwhile, a flue is blocked, so that the biomass fuel is difficult to popularize and apply in rural areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for extracting biological clean energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for extracting biological clean energy comprises the following steps:
s1, straw pretreatment, namely putting the straws into a reaction tank for cleaning, drying after cleaning to obtain cleaned straws, putting the straws into a straw cutter for cutting into crushed straws with the length of 4-8 cm, putting the crushed straws into a straw rotary cutter for crushing, and sieving crushed products by using a vibrating screen to obtain straw powder;
s2, soaking the straws, putting the straw powder into a reaction tank, adding domestic water, adding 3-5% of alkaline solution by mass into the reaction tank, soaking for 30-40 h to obtain a mixed solution, and filtering the mixed solution to obtain filter residues;
s3, fermenting the straws, transferring filter residues into a fermentation reactor with a stirring device, and then adding domestic water and urea into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of the filter residues to the domestic water is 2: 1, adding animal manure into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of filter residues to the animal manure is 1: and 1.2, opening a stirring device of the fermentation reactor to stir the mixture in the fermentation reactor, introducing nitrogen into the fermentation reactor after stirring is finished, and then sealing the fermentation reactor to perform anaerobic fermentation on the mixture in a fermentation period to obtain methane.
Preferably, the straw cleaned in S1 is a product obtained by removing impurities such as stones and soil doped in the straw, removing leaves of the straw, and then washing the straw with water.
Preferably, the water content of the straw cleaned in the S1 is 10-20%, and the mesh number of the vibrating screen in the S1 is 40-50 meshes.
Preferably, the alkaline solution in S2 is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the weight ratio of the straw powder to the domestic water in S2 is 1: 1.5.
preferably, the temperature in the fermentation reactor in the S3 is controlled to be 45-60 ℃, and the time for introducing nitrogen into the fermentation reactor is 3-4 min.
Preferably, the fermentation period in the S3 is 25 to 30 days, and the animal manure is pig manure.
Preferably, in S3, the mixture is stirred by a stirring device of the fermentation reactor every day, and the stirring time is 5min to 6 min.
Preferably, the filter residue in S2 is dried completely in a dryer and then placed in a fermentation reactor.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the straw powder is placed in the reaction tank for domestic water to be mixed, the sodium hydroxide solution is added to fully dissolve cellulose in the straw powder, the content of cellulose in the straw powder is reduced, the fermentation of the straw powder is facilitated, the sodium hydroxide solution enables the interior of the fermentation reactor to be alkaline, the pH value in the fermentation reactor is prevented from being too low when filter residues are fermented, methane produced after fermentation can be directly used as clean energy, the straw is not required to be used as fuel, and the environment pollution condition is prevented from deteriorating;
2. the waste after anaerobic fermentation in the fermentation reactor is rich in a large amount of nitrogen elements and metal elements, can be used as organic fertilizer, further improves the utilization rate of the straw, and solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by random discarding of pig manure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for extracting biological clean energy comprises the following steps:
s1, straw pretreatment, namely, putting straws into a reaction tank for cleaning, drying after cleaning to obtain cleaned straws, putting the straws into a straw cutter for cutting into crushed straws with the length of 4cm, putting the crushed straws into a straw rotary cutter for crushing, sieving crushed products by using a vibrating screen to obtain straw powder, wherein the cleaned straws refer to products obtained after removing impurities such as stones and soil doped in the straws and removing blades of the straws and then washing, the water content of the cleaned straws is 10%, the mesh number of a screen of the vibrating screen is 40 meshes, the impurities doped in the straws and floating dust adhered to the surface can be sufficiently washed away after the straws are cleaned, the fermentation effect of the straws can be prevented from being influenced by the impurities and the dust, the straws can be fully fermented by preparing the straws into the straw powder, and the fermentation rate can be improved;
s2, soaking the straws, putting the straw powder into a reaction tank, adding domestic water, adding an alkaline solution with the mass percentage of 3% into the reaction tank, soaking for 30 hours, obtaining a mixed solution after soaking, filtering the mixed solution to obtain filter residues, wherein the alkaline solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the weight ratio of the straw powder to the domestic water is 2: 3, the filter residue is dried in a dryer and then placed in a fermentation reactor, the water content of the dried filter residue is 20%, cellulose in the straw can be dissolved through a sodium hydroxide solution, the cellulose content in the straw is reduced, the fermentation effect is improved, and a part of the sodium hydroxide solution can be brought into the fermentation reactor by the dried filter residue to adjust the pH value in the fermentation reactor, so that the influence on the fermentation process due to overhigh acidity in the fermentation reactor is prevented;
s3, fermenting the straws, transferring filter residues into a fermentation reactor with a stirring device, and then adding domestic water and urea into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of the filter residues to the domestic water is 2: 1, adding animal manure into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of filter residues to the animal manure is 5: 6, the stirring device of the fermentation reactor is opened to stir the mixture in the fermentation reactor, nitrogen is introduced into the fermentation reactor after stirring is finished, then the fermentation reactor is sealed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the mixture in a fermentation period to obtain methane, the temperature in the fermentation reactor is controlled to be 45 ℃, the nitrogen introduction time in the fermentation reactor is 3min, the fermentation period is 25 days, pig manure is selected from the animal manure, the mixture needs to be stirred every day through the stirring device of the fermentation reactor, the stirring time is 5min, the mixture in the fermentation reactor can be mixed more uniformly through stirring of the stirring device, the content of lignin in the straw can be reduced by the nitrogen, and the pig manure can be replaced by the manure of poultry such as cattle, sheep or chicken.
Example 2
A method for extracting biological clean energy comprises the following steps:
s1, straw pretreatment, namely, putting straws into a reaction tank for cleaning, drying after cleaning to obtain cleaned straws, putting the straws into a straw cutter for cutting into crushed straws with the length of 6cm, putting the crushed straws into a straw rotary cutter for crushing, sieving crushed products by using a vibrating screen to obtain straw powder, wherein the cleaned straws refer to products obtained after removing impurities such as stones and soil doped in the straws and removing blades of the straws and then washing, the water content of the cleaned straws is 15%, the mesh number of a screen of the vibrating screen is 45 meshes, the impurities doped in the straws and floating dust adhered to the surface can be sufficiently washed away after the straws are cleaned, the fermentation effect of the straws can be prevented from being influenced by the impurities and the dust, the straws can be fully fermented by preparing the straws into the straw powder, and the fermentation rate can be improved;
s2, soaking the straws, putting the straw powder into a reaction tank, adding domestic water, adding an alkaline solution with the mass percentage of 4% into the reaction tank, wherein the soaking time is 35 hours, obtaining a mixed solution after soaking, filtering the mixed solution to obtain filter residues, wherein the alkaline solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the weight ratio of the straw powder to the domestic water is 2: 3, the filter residue is dried in a dryer and then placed in a fermentation reactor, the water content of the dried filter residue is 30%, cellulose in the straw can be dissolved through a sodium hydroxide solution, the cellulose content in the straw is reduced, the fermentation effect is improved, and a part of the sodium hydroxide solution can be brought into the fermentation reactor by the dried filter residue to adjust the pH value in the fermentation reactor, so that the influence on the fermentation process due to overhigh acidity in the fermentation reactor is prevented;
s3, fermenting the straws, transferring filter residues into a fermentation reactor with a stirring device, and then adding domestic water and urea into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of the filter residues to the domestic water is 1: 1, adding animal manure into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of filter residues to the animal manure is 2: opening a stirring device of the fermentation reactor to stir the mixture in the fermentation reactor, introducing nitrogen into the fermentation reactor after stirring is finished, sealing the fermentation reactor, performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixture in a fermentation period to obtain methane, controlling the temperature in the fermentation reactor to be 50 ℃, introducing nitrogen into the fermentation reactor for 3.5min, wherein the fermentation period is 27 days, the animal manure is pig manure, the mixture needs to be stirred every day by the stirring device of the fermentation reactor, and the stirring time is 5.5min, so that the mixture in the fermentation reactor can be mixed more uniformly by stirring of the stirring device, the nitrogen can reduce the content of lignin in the straw, and the pig manure can be replaced by the manure of poultry such as cattle, sheep or chicken.
Example 3
A method for extracting biological clean energy comprises the following steps:
s1, straw pretreatment, namely, putting straws into a reaction tank for cleaning, drying after cleaning to obtain cleaned straws, putting the straws into a straw cutter for cutting into crushed straws with the length of 8cm, putting the crushed straws into a straw rotary cutter for crushing, sieving crushed products by using a vibrating screen to obtain straw powder, wherein the cleaned straws refer to products obtained after removing impurities such as stones and soil doped in the straws and removing blades of the straws and then washing, the water content of the cleaned straws is 20%, the mesh number of a screen of the vibrating screen is 50 meshes, the impurities doped in the straws and floating dust adhered to the surface can be sufficiently washed away after the straws are cleaned, the fermentation effect of the straws can be prevented from being influenced by the impurities and the dust, the straws can be fully fermented by preparing the straws into the straw powder, and the fermentation rate can be improved;
s2, soaking the straws, putting the straw powder into a reaction tank, adding domestic water, adding an alkaline solution with the mass percentage of 5% into the reaction tank, soaking for 40 hours, obtaining a mixed solution after soaking, filtering the mixed solution to obtain filter residues, wherein the alkaline solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the weight ratio of the straw powder to the domestic water is 2: 3, the filter residue is dried in a dryer and then placed in a fermentation reactor, the water content of the dried filter residue is 40%, cellulose in the straw can be dissolved through a sodium hydroxide solution, the cellulose content in the straw is reduced, the fermentation effect is improved, and a part of the sodium hydroxide solution can be brought into the fermentation reactor by the dried filter residue to adjust the pH value in the fermentation reactor, so that the influence on the fermentation process due to overhigh acidity in the fermentation reactor is prevented;
s3, fermenting the straws, transferring filter residues into a fermentation reactor with a stirring device, and then adding domestic water and urea into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of the filter residues to the domestic water is 4: 3, adding animal manure into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of filter residues to the animal manure is 1: 1, the stirring device of the fermentation reactor is opened to stir the mixture in the fermentation reactor, nitrogen is introduced into the fermentation reactor after the stirring is finished, then the fermentation reactor is sealed, the mixture is subjected to anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation period to obtain methane, the temperature in the fermentation reactor is controlled to be 60 ℃, the nitrogen introduction time in the fermentation reactor is 4min, the fermentation period is 30 days, pig manure is selected from the animal manure, the mixture needs to be stirred every day by the stirring device of the fermentation reactor, the stirring time is 6min, the mixture in the fermentation reactor can be mixed more uniformly by the stirring of the stirring device, the content of lignin in the straw can be reduced by the nitrogen, and the pig manure can be replaced by the manure of poultry such as cattle, sheep or chicken.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for extracting biological clean energy is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, straw pretreatment, namely putting the straws into a reaction tank for cleaning, drying after cleaning to obtain cleaned straws, putting the straws into a straw cutter for cutting into crushed straws with the length of 4-8 cm, putting the crushed straws into a straw rotary cutter for crushing, and sieving crushed products by using a vibrating screen to obtain straw powder;
s2, soaking the straws, putting the straw powder into a reaction tank, adding domestic water, adding 3-5% of alkaline solution by mass into the reaction tank, soaking for 30-40 h to obtain a mixed solution, and filtering the mixed solution to obtain filter residues;
s3, fermenting the straws, transferring filter residues into a fermentation reactor with a stirring device, and then adding domestic water and urea into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of the filter residues to the domestic water is 2: 1, adding animal manure into the fermentation reactor, wherein the weight ratio of filter residues to the animal manure is 1: and 1.2, opening a stirring device of the fermentation reactor to stir the mixture in the fermentation reactor, introducing ammonia gas into the fermentation reactor after stirring is finished, and then sealing the fermentation reactor to ensure that the mixture is subjected to anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation period to obtain methane.
2. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw cleaned in the S1 is a product obtained after removing impurities such as stones and soil doped in the straw and removing blades of the straw and then washing the straw with water.
3. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water content of the straw cleaned in the S1 is 10% -20%, and the mesh number of the vibrating screen in the S1 is 40-50 meshes.
4. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkaline solution in the S2 is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the weight ratio of the straw powder to the domestic water in the S2 is 1: 1.5.
5. the method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature in the fermentation reactor in the S3 is controlled to be 45-60 ℃, and the time for introducing ammonia gas into the fermentation reactor is 3-4 min.
6. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fermentation period in the S3 is 25-30 days, and the animal manure is pig manure.
7. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the mixture needs to be stirred by a stirring device of the fermentation reactor every day, and the stirring time is 5-6 min.
8. The method for extracting biological clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) drying the filter residue in the S2 in a dryer, and then putting the dried filter residue into a fermentation reactor, wherein the water content of the dried filter residue is 20-40%.
CN202110402655.1A 2021-04-14 2021-04-14 Method for extracting biological clean energy Pending CN113025662A (en)

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