CN113025398B - Method for realizing kerosene-based fuel for scramjet engine started at low Mach number - Google Patents

Method for realizing kerosene-based fuel for scramjet engine started at low Mach number Download PDF

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CN113025398B
CN113025398B CN202110248042.7A CN202110248042A CN113025398B CN 113025398 B CN113025398 B CN 113025398B CN 202110248042 A CN202110248042 A CN 202110248042A CN 113025398 B CN113025398 B CN 113025398B
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kerosene
fuel
based fuel
mach number
scramjet engine
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CN113025398A (en
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黄小彬
盛浩强
李小飞
刘洪�
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
    • C10L1/303—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals boron compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

A method for realizing kerosene-based fuel of scramjet engine started at low Mach number includes adding borane triethylamine complex into mixed fuel of 1-octene and RP-3 kerosene, obtaining initial modified kerosene through hydroboration reaction, and mixing with di-tert-butyl peroxide as free-base ignition reinforcing agent and benzoquinone as free-radical stabilizer to obtain kerosene-based fuel. The invention can realize the starting of the scramjet engine at the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5 by spark ignition, and has good stability when contacting with air in a normal temperature environment. The scramjet engine is started and stably combusted under the condition of low Mach number by the synthetic coal oil-based fuel, and the scramjet engine is simple to operate and high in practicability.

Description

Method for realizing kerosene-based fuel for scramjet engine started at low Mach number
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of scramjet fuel, in particular to a method for realizing coal-oil-based fuel for a low-Mach-number started scramjet.
Background
The minimum starting Mach number of the scramjet is usually 5-6, and the lower limit of the starting Mach number of the scramjet is continuously expanded in order to realize wide-area flight of the scramjet. However, reliable ignition and efficient combustion of hydrocarbon fuels remains a challenge in low flight mach number (< ma4.0) scramjet combustors. The prior art uses forced ignition and flame stabilization mechanisms as auxiliary devices, but the auxiliary devices do not achieve low Mach number starting or the starting effect of the ramjet engine is not ideal, so that the complexity of an engine system is increased and corresponding quality penalty is brought. In addition, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel of the scramjet engine is under the poor working conditions of low temperature, low pressure and high incoming flow, so that the combustion characteristic of the fuel is rapidly deteriorated, and the ignition performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing the kerosene-based fuel of the scramjet started at a low Mach number, which can realize the starting of the scramjet at an incoming flow Mach number of 1.5 by spark ignition and has good stability when being contacted with air in a normal temperature environment. The scramjet engine is started and stably combusted under the condition of low Mach number by the synthetic coal oil-based fuel, and the scramjet engine is simple to operate and high in practicability.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for realizing kerosene-based fuel for a scramjet engine started at a low Mach number, which comprises the steps of adding borane triethylamine complex into a mixed fuel of 1-octene and RP-3 kerosene, carrying out hydroboration reaction to obtain initial modified kerosene, and mixing the initial modified kerosene with di-tert-butyl peroxide serving as a free-base ignition enhancer and benzoquinone serving as a free-base stabilizer to obtain the kerosene-based fuel.
The hydroboration reaction is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere, and specifically comprises the following steps:
BH3·N(C2H5)3+CH3(CH2)5CH＝CH2B(CH3(CH2)7)3·N(C2H5)3。
the volume ratio of RP-3 kerosene to kerosene-based fuel is 39% -69%, the volume ratio of 1-octene to kerosene-based fuel is 10% -24%, and the volume ratio of activator borane triethylamine to kerosene-based fuel is 10% -20%.
The di-tert-butyl peroxide accounts for 10-20% of the volume of the kerosene-based fuel.
The benzoquinone accounts for 0.5-1% of the volume ratio of the kerosene-based fuel.
The kerosene-based fuel prepared by the method has the advantages of stable physical form, no layering, capability of starting and stably combusting the scramjet at a low Mach number (the incoming stream Mach number is 1.5), good stability when contacting with air in a normal temperature environment and the like. The high-efficiency control of the starting of the modified liquid hydrocarbon fuel at the low Mach number of the scramjet engine is realized through the selection of the composite formula and the formula proportion, the operation is simple, and the practicability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ignition diagram of a straight-through platform of RP-3 and kerosene-based fuel under the condition that the incoming flow Mach number is 1.5;
FIG. 2 is a graph of variation of combustion pressure of a straight-through platform of kerosene base under the condition that the incoming flow Mach number is 1.5.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The present embodiment configures liquid hydrocarbon fuel according to the following proportions:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction (namely the volume ratio of the kerosene-based fuel finished product, the same below) is 69%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 10%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 10%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 10%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition is found to be unsuccessful in enabling RP-3 to be ignited successfully under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5.
Example 2
The modified liquid hydrocarbon fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the kerosene is 63%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with the RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 12%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 12%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 12%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition is found to be unsuccessful in enabling RP-3 to be ignited successfully under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5.
Example 3
The modified liquid hydrocarbon fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction is 54%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 15%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 15%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 15%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition is found to be unsuccessful in enabling RP-3 to be ignited successfully under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5.
Example 4
The coal oil-based fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction is 45%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with the RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 18%.
And step three, adding an activator, namely triethylamine borane and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 18%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 18%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene under the formula on a direct connection platform by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition of the kerosene-based fuel is found to be successful under the condition that the incoming flow Mach number is 1.5 (the incoming flow total temperature is 530k, the incoming flow total pressure is 250kPa, and the equivalence ratio is 0.55).
Example 5
The modified liquid hydrocarbon fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank which is filled with nitrogen protection, wherein the volume fraction percentage content is 51%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction percentage content is 24%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 12%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 12%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition is found to be unsuccessful in enabling RP-3 to be ignited successfully under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5.
Example 6
The coal oil-based fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the kerosene is 39.5%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with the RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 0.5%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition success of the kerosene-based fuel under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5 is found through a direct connection platform ignition experiment (the total incoming flow temperature is 530k, the total incoming flow pressure is 250kPa, and the equivalence ratio is 0.55).
Example 7
The coal oil-based fuel is prepared according to the following proportion:
step one, adding RP-3 kerosene into a fuel tank filled with nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the kerosene is 39%;
and step two, adding 1-octene into the fuel tank added with the RP-3 kerosene, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step three, adding an activator borane triethylamine and 1-octene into the fuel tank for reaction, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step four, adding a free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction is 20%.
And step five, adding free radical stabilizer benzoquinone into the fuel tank, wherein the volume fraction of the benzoquinone is 1%.
And step six, uniformly mixing the liquid in the fuel tank in a magnetic stirring mode.
In this example, a modified hydrocarbon fuel preparation apparatus was used to prepare modified RP-3 kerosene. The ignition characteristic effect of the modified fuel of the formula is illustrated by measuring the ignition characteristic of the modified RP-3 kerosene on a direct connection platform under the formula by adopting a direct connection platform experimental device of Shanghai university of transportation, and the ignition success of the kerosene-based fuel under the condition of the incoming flow Mach number of 1.5 is found through a direct connection platform ignition experiment (the total incoming flow temperature is 530k, the total incoming flow pressure is 250kPa, and the equivalence ratio is 0.55).
As shown in fig. 1, in order to record the ignition process of the kerosene and modified kerosene on a direct-connected station by using a single lens reflex: the ignition of the pure kerosene is unsuccessful, and the ignition of the modified kerosene is successful.
As shown in FIG. 2, the combustion pressure variation of the kerosene base on the straight platform under the condition that the incoming flow Mach number is 1.5 is shown.
The invention utilizes borane triethylamine to activate multi-component hydrocarbon fuel and react with 1-octene to generate active substance, so that modified kerosene can be successfully ignited under low Mach number under the action of the free radical enhanced igniter di-tert-butyl peroxide, and benzoquinone is used for ensuring the safety and stability of the synthesized kerosene-based fuel at normal temperature.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (1)

1. A method for realizing kerosene base fuel of a scramjet engine started with Mach number less than 4.0 is characterized in that borane triethylamine complex is added into mixed fuel of 1-octene and RP-3 kerosene, initial modified kerosene is obtained through hydroboration reaction, and then the initial modified kerosene is mixed with di-tert-butyl peroxide serving as a free base ignition reinforcing agent and benzoquinone serving as a free base stabilizer to obtain the final finished kerosene base fuel;
the volume ratio of RP-3 kerosene to kerosene-based fuel is 39% -69%, the volume ratio of 1-octene to kerosene-based fuel is 10% -24%, and the volume ratio of activator borane triethylamine to the final finished kerosene-based fuel is 10% -20%;
the di-tert-butyl peroxide accounts for 10 to 20 percent of the volume ratio of the final finished product coal oil-based fuel;
the benzoquinone accounts for 0.5-1% of the volume of the final finished product coal-oil-based fuel.
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