CN113024140A - Composite material, and preparation method, modification method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite material, and preparation method, modification method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113024140A
CN113024140A CN202110353105.5A CN202110353105A CN113024140A CN 113024140 A CN113024140 A CN 113024140A CN 202110353105 A CN202110353105 A CN 202110353105A CN 113024140 A CN113024140 A CN 113024140A
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China
Prior art keywords
composite material
material according
metal
tin
preparation
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CN202110353105.5A
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CN113024140B (en
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唐再杰
唐振中
向青云
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Guangdong Bozhilin Robot Co Ltd
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Guangdong Bozhilin Robot Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1062—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/12—Multiple coating or impregnating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E04F15/041—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
    • E04F15/082—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass in combination with a lower layer of other material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/181—Insulating layers integrally formed with the flooring or the flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00439—Physico-chemical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00465—Heat conducting materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
    • C04B2111/62—Self-levelling compositions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
    • E04F2290/023—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for heating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and particularly provides a composite material, and a preparation method, a modification method and application thereof. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the steps of dipping the lightweight aggregate by using liquid metal and/or metal alloy, filtering and collecting filter residues to obtain the composite material.

Description

Composite material, and preparation method, modification method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a composite material and a preparation method, a modification method and application thereof.
Background
The floor heating is short for floor radiation heating, the whole floor is used as a radiator, the whole floor is uniformly heated through a heating medium in a floor radiation layer, and heat is supplied to the indoor through the floor in a radiation and convection heat transfer mode, so that the purpose of comfortable heating is achieved.
Each layer structure and characteristics that traditional ground warms up from bottom to top are respectively:
(1) structural layer: a reinforced concrete floor;
(2) insulating heat reflection layer: used for isolating heat from transferring downwards; a reflecting film is coated on the upper surface of the substrate to prevent downward radiation heat transfer;
(3) steel wire mesh: heat is radiated uniformly, and failure caused by over-high local temperature of the heat insulating layer is avoided;
(4) floor heating pipeline: generally, 50-60 ℃ is required to be achieved to ensure the indoor temperature effect;
(5) filling layer: after the floor heating pipeline is laid, the floor heating pipeline is wrapped by concrete or mortar and leveled, the traditional method adopts pea stone concrete to pour, the leveling and filling functions are achieved, but the heat conductivity is low, the floor heating effect is slow, the heat transfer efficiency is achieved by increasing the temperature of the pipeline, and the energy consumption is large;
(6) bonding layer: when the tile adhesive is used for paving tiles, a traditional filling layer does not have adhesive force, and a layer of bonding layer is needed to be paved independently to achieve the purpose of paving the tiles, so that the room clearance is reduced;
(7) finishing layer: wood flooring or ceramic tiles, etc.
In the prior art, in order to improve the heat dissipation effect of a floor heating and reduce energy consumption, some heat conduction materials, such as metal oxides, are usually added into a floor heating structure, wherein aluminum oxide is the most applied metal oxide due to low price, but the heat conduction coefficient of the metal oxides is only less than 1/3 of metal, so that on one hand, the problem of poor heat conduction effect exists; on the other hand, the purposes of heat conduction and sound insulation cannot be achieved at the same time, and in order to improve the sound insulation effect of the floor heating, a sound insulation material needs to be additionally added. However, the added sound insulation material has low heat conductivity, reduces the heat conduction effect of the heat conduction material, and cannot play a synergistic role.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the purposes of heat conduction and sound insulation cannot be achieved simultaneously and the heat conduction effect is poor in the prior art, so that the composite material and the preparation method and application thereof are provided.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a composite material, which comprises the steps of dipping lightweight aggregate by liquid metal and/or metal alloy, filtering, and collecting filter residue to obtain the composite material.
In the present invention, the term lightweight aggregate means an apparent density of not more than 1200kg/m3The inorganic material of (2) can be divided into natural light aggregate and industrial waste residue light aggregate according to the source. It can be divided into light coarse aggregate and light fine aggregate according to particle size and bulk density. The grain diameter is more than 4.75mm, and the bulk density is less than 1100kg/m3The light aggregate is light coarse aggregate; the grain diameter is not more than 4.75mm, and the bulk density is less than 1200kg/m3The lightweight aggregate of (2) is lightweight fine aggregate (or light sand).
Further, in order to reduce cost and facilitate operation, the melting point of the adopted metal and/or metal alloy is 100-260 ℃. For example, the metal may be selected from tin, bismuth, indium, or the like, and tin is preferable for improving the heat conduction and sound insulation effects. The metal alloy may be selected from tin-containing alloys, bismuth-containing alloys, indium-containing alloys, or the like. For example, but not limited to, tin-bismuth, bismuth-indium, tin-indium alloy, etc., and may also be selected from tin, bismuth, or an alloy of indium with other high melting point metals such as copper, iron, aluminum, etc., with tin-copper alloys having a copper content of not more than 5% by mass being preferred.
Further, the lightweight aggregate is selected from at least one of foam glass blocks, ceramsite sand and fly ash floating beads.
The invention preferably adopts lightweight porous lightweight aggregate, wherein, the porosity of the foam glass block is generally used for representing the porosity degree, and the invention preferably selects foam glass with the porosity of more than or equal to 70 percent. The degree of porosity is generally characterized by the bulk density for ceramsite sand and fly ash floating beads. The preferred bulk density of the invention is less than or equal to 800kg/m3And/or the bulk density of the ceramsite sand is less than or equal to 450kg/m3The fly ash floating bead.
More preferably, a foam glass block with 70% -90% porosity is used, and/or a bulk density of 800kg/m3The ceramsite sand; and/or, 400-450kg/m3The fly ash floating bead.
Wherein the calculation formula of the porosity is as follows, the porosity = (1-m 0/V rho) × 100%, wherein m0 is the mass of the foam glass block; v is the volume of the foam glass block and can be measured by a drainage method; ρ is the true density of the cellular glass block (i.e., the actual density of solid matter within the volume excluding the internal voids in an absolutely dense state).
Further, the average particle size of the lightweight aggregate used is 2 to 3 cm.
The method also comprises a first crushing step before impregnation for the lightweight aggregate with large particle size, and crushing the lightweight aggregate to the average particle size of 2-3cm in the first crushing process.
Further, the method also comprises a step of secondary crushing after the filter residue is collected, wherein the filter residue is crushed to the average particle size of 1-3mm in the secondary crushing process.
Further, the dipping temperature is 100-260 ℃, and the dipping time is 5-10 min.
The impregnation can be carried out in equal volume, and the impregnation liquid with volume larger than that of the lightweight aggregate can also be adopted.
The dipping time refers to the beginning of timing when the lightweight aggregate contacts the dipping solution, and the dipping can be carried out until the surface of the lightweight aggregate is completely covered with the dipping solution within 5-10min, so that the dipping time is limited to 5-10 min.
Further, the filtration was carried out at ambient temperature of 100 ℃ and 260 ℃.
The liquid metal and/or metal alloy may be obtained by heating, for example to 232 c, to obtain liquid tin.
The invention provides a method for modifying a composite material, which comprises the step of carrying out surface treatment on the composite material prepared by the preparation method of the composite material by adopting a mercaptoethylamine solution.
But not limited to, mercaptoethylamine solutions produced by Huiyuan chemical industry Co., Ltd, Xunxuan fine chemical industry Co., Ltd, Xinzhong Chengcheng science and technology Co., Ltd, and the like can be adopted. The mercaptoethylamine solution can be diluted by adding water and mixed uniformly to prepare the mercaptoethylamine solution with the required concentration.
Furthermore, in the surface treatment, a mercaptoethylamine solution is adopted to wash the composite material.
Preferably, the washing time is 1-10 min;
preferably, the mass concentration of the mercaptoethylamine solution is 10g/L-250 g/L.
The invention also provides a composite material, which is prepared by any preparation method of the composite material, or is obtained by any modification method of the composite material.
The invention also provides the application of the composite material in preparing a building material with heat conduction and/or sound insulation effects or improving the heat conduction and/or sound insulation effects of the building material. For example, the composite material of the present invention can be used to improve the thermal conductivity and sound insulation effects of the binder.
The invention also provides a building material which comprises the composite material, and the building material can be an adhesive, and can also be a filling and leveling material.
Further, the building material is an adhesive, and the adhesive comprises, by weight, 100-150 parts of any one of the composite materials, 80-150 parts of cement, 50-200 parts of sand, 10-30 parts of an adhesive and 0.8-2.4 parts of a water-retaining agent.
Further, the adhesive is selected from VAE rubber powder and/or styrene-butadiene rubber powder;
the water retaining agent is selected from methyl cellulose ether and/or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the particle size range of the sand is 10-100 meshes.
The preparation method of the binder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the composite material, cement, sand, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent to obtain a dry material, and mixing the dry material with water to obtain the binder;
further, the mass ratio of the dry materials to the water is 4-5: 1.
the invention also provides a floor heating structure comprising the composite material or the building material.
The floor heating pipeline further comprises an adiabatic reflecting layer, a filling layer and a decorative layer, wherein the filling layer is formed by laying the building materials, and the floor heating pipeline is positioned in the filling layer;
preferably, the laying thickness of the filling layer is 25-40 mm.
1. The composite material prepared by the method can form an effective air diaphragm, the sound barrier effect is greatly enhanced, the metallic tin condensed on the surface of the material is in a random orientation, the heat conduction efficiency in each direction can be greatly improved, the composite material has good heat conduction and sound insulation effects, the composite material can be added into other raw materials of building materials, such as other raw materials of a binder, so that the prepared binder simultaneously achieves good heat conduction and sound insulation effects, the influence on the bonding and compressive strength of the material is small, and the heat conduction effect can be obviously improved under the condition of ensuring that the strength of the material meets the requirement.
2. According to the preparation method of the composite material, the average particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 2-3cm, the particle size range is proper, the impregnation effect can be improved, the strength is improved, the better heat and sound conduction and insulation effect is achieved, metal materials can be saved, and the cost is reduced.
If lightweight aggregate with a particle size of more than 2-3cm is used, for example, the coarse raw material is directly crushed to 1-3mm and then dipped, the consumption of metal liquid is large, and the mortar strength is reduced. And too small crushing can damage the air hole structure, so that the sound insulation effect is reduced, and if the particles are too coarse, the problem of layering is easy to produce, so that the strength is influenced.
3. The preparation method of the composite material provided by the invention also comprises a step of secondary crushing after the filter residue is collected, the filter residue is crushed to the average particle size of 1-3mm in the secondary crushing process, the particle size range is proper, the porous characteristic is realized, the heat conduction and sound insulation effects are further improved, the heat conduction and sound insulation effects of the lightweight aggregate are further improved, the fluidity is good, the compatibility with other materials such as sand is good, and the construction is convenient.
4. The method for modifying the composite material comprises the step of carrying out surface treatment on the composite material prepared by the preparation method of the composite material by adopting a mercaptoethylamine solution, and can enhance the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the particle surface and the compatibility of the components of a filling layer by the surface treatment.
5. The binder provided by the invention comprises a composite material, cement, sand, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent, is combined in a specific ratio, has the effects of heat conduction, sound insulation, leveling, bonding and water resistance, is green and environment-friendly, forms a filling layer, can combine the structures of a steel wire mesh and a binding layer, simplifies a floor heating structure, reduces the structure height and improves the room clearance; meanwhile, due to the simplification of the construction process, the house handing speed can be improved, and the comprehensive construction cost is reduced.
6. The floor heating structure provided by the invention comprises the heat insulation reflecting layer, the filling layer and the decorative layer, wherein the filling layer is formed by paving the binder, the floor heating pipeline is positioned in the filling layer, and the floor heating structure simultaneously ensures the heat conduction, leveling, bonding, sound insulation and water resistance effects, and is green, environment-friendly and safe.
The floor heating structure with the integrated filling layer is adopted, the pipeline temperature can be controlled to be 45-50 ℃, the energy consumption is reduced by more than 10%, and the operating cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floor heating system provided in embodiment 31 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a floor heating system provided in embodiment 32 of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a structural layer; 2. a heat insulating reflective layer; 3. a filling layer; 4. a floor heating pipeline; 5. facing bricks; 6. a wood floor is provided.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Wherein the waste foam glass blocks are purchased from a 91 regeneration platform, and the waste foam glass blocks with the porosity of 50 percent and 70 percent can be obtained by screening; ceramsite sand was purchased from diamond horticulture decoration, inc, model JSTL.
Example 1 composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a first crushing step: selecting waste foam glass blocks with porosity of 70%, and crushing the waste foam glass blocks until the average particle size is 3 cm;
(2) and (3) dipping: heating metal tin to 232 ℃ to obtain liquid tin; soaking the crushed foam glass block for 5min by using liquid tin with the same volume;
(3) and (3) filtering: filtering at high temperature by using a porous ceramic membrane in an environment with the temperature of 233 ℃, collecting filter residues, and cooling the filter residues to room temperature for later use;
(4) a second crushing step: and continuously crushing the filter residue until the average particle size is 3mm, thus obtaining the composite material.
The embodiment provides a method for modifying a composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) washing the prepared composite material by adopting an aqueous solution of mercaptoethylamine with the mass concentration of 200g/L for 5min to obtain the modified composite material.
Example 2 composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a first crushing step: selecting the bulk density of 750kg/m3Crushing the ceramsite sand until the average particle size is 2 cm;
(2) and (3) dipping: heating the tin-copper alloy (the copper content is 5 percent and the tin content is 95 percent) to 260 ℃ to obtain liquid tin-copper alloy; soaking the crushed foam glass block in liquid tin with the same volume for 10 min;
(3) and (3) filtering: filtering at high temperature by using a porous ceramic membrane in an environment with the temperature of 260 ℃, collecting filter residues, and cooling the filter residues to room temperature for later use;
(4) a second crushing step: and continuously crushing the filter residue until the average particle size is 1mm, thus obtaining the composite material.
The embodiment provides a method for modifying a composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) washing the prepared composite material by adopting an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10g/L mercaptoethylamine for 1min to obtain the modified composite material.
Example 3 composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a first crushing step: selecting waste foam glass blocks with porosity of 50%, and crushing the waste foam glass blocks until the average particle size is 3 cm;
(2) and (3) dipping: heating metal tin to 232 ℃ to obtain liquid tin; soaking the crushed foam glass block for 5min by using liquid tin with the same volume;
(3) and (3) filtering: and (3) filtering at high temperature by adopting a porous ceramic membrane in the environment with the temperature of 233 ℃, collecting filter residues, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite material.
The embodiment provides a method for modifying a composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) washing the prepared composite material by adopting a diluted mercaptoethylamine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 200g/L for 5min to obtain the modified composite material.
Example 4 composite Material
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a first crushing step: selecting waste foam glass blocks with porosity of 70%, and crushing the waste foam glass blocks until the average particle size is 3 mm;
(2) and (3) dipping: heating metal tin to 232 ℃ to obtain liquid tin; soaking the crushed foam glass block for 5min by using liquid tin with the same volume;
(3) and (3) filtering: and (3) filtering at high temperature by adopting a porous ceramic membrane in the environment with the temperature of 233 ℃, collecting filter residues, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite material.
The embodiment provides a method for modifying a composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) washing the prepared composite material by adopting a diluted mercaptoethylamine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 200g/L for 5min to obtain the modified composite material.
EXAMPLES 5-24 Binders
This example provides a series of binders, the raw material formulation of which is shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the preparation method of the binder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the composite material, the cement, the sand, the adhesive and the water-retaining agent to obtain a dry material, and uniformly mixing the dry material with water to obtain the binder.
Examples 25 to 26
This example provides a series of binders, the raw material formulation of which is shown in the following table:
Figure 505200DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the preparation method of the binder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the composite material, the cement, the sand, the adhesive and the water-retaining agent to obtain a dry material, and uniformly mixing the dry material with water to obtain the binder.
Examples 27 to 30
This example provides a series of binders, the raw material formulation of which is shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the preparation method of the binder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the composite material, the cement, the sand, the adhesive and the water-retaining agent to obtain a dry material, and uniformly mixing the dry material with water to obtain the binder.
Example 31
The embodiment provides a floor heating structure, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises, from bottom to top, a structural layer 1, a heat insulation reflective layer 2, a filling layer 3 and a facing layer, in the embodiment, the structural layer 1 is a reinforced concrete floor, the facing layer is facing bricks 5, the filling layer 3 is formed by laying the binder, and a floor heating pipeline 4 is located in the filling layer 3; the thickness of the filling layer 3 is 25 mm.
The embodiment also provides a laying method of the floor heating structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) laying an adiabatic reflecting layer and a floor heating pipeline, and strictly checking the pipeline;
(2) an integrated filler layer of 25mm thickness was directly laid using the binder prepared in example 22;
(3) and paving and pasting the facing bricks immediately after the filling layer is paved and leveled.
Example 32
The embodiment provides a floor heating structure, as shown in fig. 2, which includes, from bottom to top, a structural layer 1, an adiabatic reflective layer 2, a filling layer 3 and a finishing layer, in the embodiment, the structural layer 1 is a reinforced concrete floor, the finishing layer is a wood floor 6, the filling layer 3 is formed by laying the binder, and a floor heating pipeline 4 is located in the filling layer 3; the thickness of the filling layer 3 is 40 mm.
The embodiment also provides a laying method of the floor heating structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) laying an adiabatic reflecting layer and a floor heating pipeline, and strictly checking the pipeline;
(2) an integrated filling layer of 40mm thickness was directly laid using the binder prepared in example 22;
(3) paving the filling layer flatly and then immediately paving and pasting the filling layer on the wood floor.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a binder having the raw material formulation as shown in the following table:
Figure 969810DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the preparation method of the binder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cement, sand, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent to obtain a dry material, and uniformly mixing the dry material with water to obtain the binder.
Comparative examples 2 to 5
This comparative example provides two binders, the raw material formulations are shown in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the preparation method of the binder in comparative examples 2 and 3 includes mixing tin powder or tin oxide powder with cement, sand, adhesive and water-retaining agent respectively to obtain dry materials, and mixing the dry materials with water to obtain the binder.
The foam glass blocks adopted in the comparative examples 4 and 5 are foam glass obtained by crushing waste foam glass blocks with 70% of porosity into foam glass with the average particle size of 3mm, and the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the steps of respectively and uniformly mixing tin powder or tin oxide powder with the foam glass blocks, cement, sand, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent to obtain dry materials, and uniformly mixing the dry materials with water to obtain the adhesive.
Experimental example 1
The binders of examples 5 to 30 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested for tensile bond strength, heat aged bond strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and impact decibels, in which the test methods were as follows: JC/T951-2005 cement mortar crack resistance test method, JC/T547 and ceramic tile adhesion performance test; JGJ/T70 frost resistance test, GB 50118 civil construction sound insulation design specification. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 results of performance testing
Figure 546285DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with comparative examples 1 to 3, the composite material prepared in the embodiment of the invention has excellent heat conduction effect and sound insulation effect, so that the heat conduction coefficient of the binder added with the composite material in the embodiments 5 to 30 is obviously improved, and the impact decibel is obviously reduced. The adhesives prepared in examples 5 to 27 and 29 to 30 satisfy the relevant standard requirements in terms of both heat conduction and sound insulation, while example 28 has a decibel to impact of 77 and fails to satisfy the relevant requirements. Compared with the binders of the examples 27 to 30, the sound insulation effect of the binders obtained by adopting the preferable preparation method and the modification method of the examples 5 to 26 of the invention is obviously improved. Furthermore, the sound insulation effect of the binder prepared by using 10-30 mesh sand in example 25 was lower than that of example 5, and the aging bond strength, the bond strength after freeze-thaw, and the compressive strength of the binder prepared by using 50-100 mesh sand in example 26 were lower than those of example 5. In addition, the tensile strength and compressive strength of the binders prepared in examples 14-15 and 17-24 of the present invention were significantly improved over the other examples. Comparative examples 2 to 3 show that the metal/metal oxide powder can improve the thermal conductivity, but the excessive addition is not favorable for the adhesive strength. Comparative examples 4 to 5 show that the compatibility of the foam glass with the metal/metal oxide powder is poor and the heat and sound conductive effect cannot be well achieved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (19)

1. The preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the steps of dipping the lightweight aggregate by using liquid metal and/or metal alloy, filtering, and collecting filter residues to obtain the composite material.
2. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the metal and/or the metal alloy is 100-260 ℃.
3. The method for producing a composite material according to claim 2, wherein the metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tin, bismuth, and indium, and the metal alloy is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tin-containing alloy, a bismuth-containing alloy, and an indium-containing alloy.
4. A method for preparing a composite material according to claim 3, wherein the metal is tin; the metal alloy is a tin-copper alloy with the copper mass content not more than 5%.
5. The method for preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lightweight aggregate is at least one selected from the group consisting of foam glass, ceramsite sand and fly ash floating beads.
6. The method for producing a composite material according to claim 5,
the porosity of the foam glass is more than or equal to 70 percent, and/or the stacking density of the ceramsite sand is less than or equal to 800kg/m3And/or the bulk density of the fly ash floating bead is less than or equal to 450kg/m3。
7. A method for the preparation of a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a lightweight aggregate having an average particle size of 2 to 3cm is used.
8. A method of producing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a second crushing step after the collection of the reject, in which the reject is crushed to an average particle size of 1 to 3 mm.
9. The method for preparing the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature of the impregnation is 100-260 ℃ and the time is 5-10 min; and/or filtering at the ambient temperature of 100-260 ℃.
10. A method for modifying a composite material, comprising the step of subjecting a composite material obtained by the method for producing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to surface treatment with a mercaptoethylamine solution.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the surface treatment comprises washing the composite material with a mercaptoethylamine solution.
12. The method of modifying a composite material according to claim 11, wherein the washing time is 1-10 min; and/or the mercaptoethylamine solution is a mercaptoethylamine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10g/L-250 g/L.
13. A composite material obtained by the method for producing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or modified by the method for modifying a composite material according to any one of claims 10 to 12.
14. Use of a composite material according to claim 13 for the preparation of a building material having a heat-conducting and/or sound-insulating effect or for increasing the heat-conducting and/or sound-insulating effect of a building material.
15. A building material comprising the composite material of claim 13.
16. The building material of claim 15, wherein the building material is an adhesive, and the adhesive comprises, by weight, 100 to 150 parts of the composite material of claim 13, 80 to 150 parts of cement, 50 to 200 parts of sand, 10 to 30 parts of an adhesive, and 0.8 to 2.4 parts of a water retention agent.
17. The building material of claim 16,
the adhesive is selected from VAE rubber powder and/or butylbenzene rubber powder; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the water retaining agent is selected from methyl cellulose ether and/or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the particle size range of the sand is 10-100 meshes.
18. A heating structure, characterized by comprising the building material of any one of claims 15-17.
19. The floor heating structure of claim 18, comprising a heat insulating reflecting layer, a filling layer and a finishing layer, wherein the filling layer is formed by laying the building materials, and a floor heating pipeline is arranged in the filling layer.
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