CN113023814B - Liftable hydraulic device for promoting level recovery of dissolved gas in water body based on step aeration - Google Patents
Liftable hydraulic device for promoting level recovery of dissolved gas in water body based on step aeration Download PDFInfo
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- CN113023814B CN113023814B CN202110151948.7A CN202110151948A CN113023814B CN 113023814 B CN113023814 B CN 113023814B CN 202110151948 A CN202110151948 A CN 202110151948A CN 113023814 B CN113023814 B CN 113023814B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/003—Mechanically induced gas or liquid streams in seas, lakes or water-courses for forming weirs or breakwaters; making or keeping water surfaces free from ice, aerating or circulating water, e.g. screens of air-bubbles against sludge formation or salt water entry, pump-assisted water circulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
Abstract
The invention provides a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration, which comprises a base, a lifting unit, a flow meter, a liquid level meter and a control computer, wherein the lifting unit is connected with the base; the upper surface of the base comprises an upstream connecting section, a gentle slope section, a step section and a downstream connecting section which are sequentially connected, the lifting unit comprises a lifting column and a driving device thereof, and the driving device, the flow rate meter and the liquid level meter are all connected with the control computer. The device is arranged in a river channel with flowing water flow at the downstream of a dam along the water flow direction, the control computer calculates the total water head before the slope in real time according to the inlet flow rate and the water depth at the top of the slope, and sends a lifting instruction to control the driving device to drive the lifting column to drive the base to lift, so that the base is always in a proper water level. The device can effectively promote the release of supersaturated dissolved gas in the downstream water body of the dam, promote the recovery of the dissolved gas level in the water body, and effectively relieve the adverse environmental impact brought by hydropower development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reduction of supersaturation of dissolved gas in hydraulic engineering, and relates to a liftable hydraulic device for promoting horizontal recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on stepped aeration.
Background
The problem of dissolved gas supersaturation is easily caused by high dam drainage, especially for dams with dam heights over one hundred meters, the problem of dissolved gas supersaturation is easily caused by a drainage water body because the energy is dissipated by adopting a trajectory planning mode usually. Over-saturation of dissolved gas in water can cause the fish living in downstream river channels or reservoir areas to suffer from gas bubble diseases, even die in severe cases, and form serious threat to the survival of the fish. Therefore, there is a need to eliminate supersaturated dissolved gases in water bodies in a river downstream of a large dam, particularly a high dam, to restore them to normal levels.
As one of the environmental problems brought by hydropower development, an effective solution cannot be found for the problem of dissolved gas supersaturation of a downstream river water body caused by high dam drainage at present. Researchers propose that a low saturation region is built by intersection of trunk and branch flows, vegetation is arranged in a downstream river channel to promote release of supersaturated dissolved gas, and the problem of supersaturation of dissolved gas in a downstream water body of a high dam is relieved by adopting a mode of adjusting flood discharge frequency and duration by ecological scheduling. However, the use of intersection of the main and branch streams to create a low saturation region is limited and also lacks an effective way to drive fish into the low saturation region; the existence of vegetation is beneficial to the release of supersaturated TDG, but the difficulty of actually arranging vegetation at the downstream of a dam is high, and the flood discharge capacity and efficiency of a river channel during flood discharge can be influenced; in addition, the actual reservoir operation cannot be targeted to reducing the downstream TDG saturation, and the situations of power generation, flood control, irrigation, water supply and the like need to be considered at the same time, and the feasibility of the mode of adjusting the flood discharge frequency and duration by ecological scheduling needs to be further verified. Therefore, the three measures have limited practicability, and no engineering slowing measure with strong practicability is provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration, aims to solve the problem of limited practicability of the existing measures for relieving the supersaturation of the dissolved gas in the water body at the downstream of a high dam, and provides an easy-to-implement engineering measure for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body at the downstream of the high dam to the normal level.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The device comprises a base, a lifting unit, a flow meter, a liquid level meter and a control computer;
the upper surface of the base comprises an upstream connecting section, a gradual slope section, a step section and a downstream connecting section which are sequentially connected, and side walls are arranged along two sides of the upstream connecting section, the gradual slope section, the step section and the downstream connecting section;
the section of the gentle slope section is formed by joining two arcs with different radiuses and opposite directions, the initial point of the gentle slope section is lower than the end point, the height difference between the initial point and the end point of the gentle slope section is P, P is 2.5-3.0 m, and the projection length of the gentle slope section in the horizontal direction is 3P; the step section is provided with a plurality of steps, the starting point of the step section is higher than the ending point, the height difference between the starting point and the ending point of the step section is P, and the projection length of the step section in the horizontal direction is 1-2P; the upstream connecting section and the downstream connecting section are inclined planes with the gradient consistent with the gradient of a river channel, and the projection lengths of the upstream connecting section and the downstream connecting section in the horizontal direction are both 1-2P;
the lifting unit comprises a plurality of lifting columns and a driving device which is connected with the lifting columns and used for driving the lifting columns to lift, and the lifting columns are fixedly connected with the bottom of the base; the flow meter is positioned at the front end of the upstream connecting section and used for measuring the inlet flow rate of the upstream connecting section, and the liquid level meter is positioned at the top of the gentle slope section and used for measuring the top water depth of the gentle slope section; the driving device, the flow velocity meter and the liquid level meter are all connected with the control computer;
the device arranges in the river course that dam low reaches rivers are in the flowing state along the rivers direction, and the control computer drives the lift post and drives the base lift according to the inlet flow rate of upper reaches linkage segment and the hillside top depth of water of gentle slope section to the drive arrangement of control lift unit, with the demand that promotes dissolved gas level in the water and resume.
In the technical scheme of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the stepped aeration, the flow velocity meter and the liquid level meter respectively transmit the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section and the water depth data of the top of the slope of the gentle slope section to the control computer in real time, the control computer calculates the total head before the slope according to the formula (I), and controls the driving device of the lifting unit to drive the lifting column to drive the base to lift so as to adjust the total head before the slope, so that P is more than or equal to 0.34H-0.05m and less than or equal to 0.34H +0.05 m; when the total water head before the slope meets the condition that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05m and less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05m, the flow coefficient of the gentle slope section can basically reach a larger value, and the flow entering the step section through the gentle slope section is larger, so that the step section can be ensured to stably play a role of promoting the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body, and further the recovery of the level of the dissolved gas in the water body is promoted;
in the formula (I), H is the total head before the slope and has the unit of m, H0The water depth at the top of the gentle slope section is m, v0Is the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section in m/s, g is the acceleration of gravity in m/s2。
In the technical scheme of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the ladder aeration, the main function of the gentle slope section is to raise the water level, and the contour shape and the height of the gentle slope section have direct influence on the flow discharge capacity. Preferably, the section of the gentle slope section is formed by a radius R1Has a first arc and a radius of R2Is formed by joining together the second circular arcs of R1＝4P，R2P, the starting point of first circular arc links up with the terminal point of upper reaches linkage segment, and the terminal point of second circular arc links up with the starting point of ladder section, and the centre of a circle of second circular arc is located the base, and the centre of a circle of first circular arc is located the top of base. At the moment, the flow coefficient of the gentle slope section is larger, and the overflowing capacity is stronger.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration, the section of the gentle slope section is formed by joining two arcs with different radiuses and opposite directions, wherein the cutting direction of the section means to cut the gentle slope section along the length direction of the whole device, or to cut the device along the water flow direction after the device is installed in a river channel.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on level recovery of dissolved gas in ladder aeration promotion water, the bottom surface of base anterior segment extends backward from the front end and forms streamlined profile, and the bottom surface of base back end is the horizontal plane. Therefore, the bottom surface of the front section of the base extends backwards from the front end to form a streamline outline, and mainly in the running process of the device, partial water flow can flow through the lower part of the base of the device, the streamline structure can level the water flow, so that the water flow flows through more stably and smoothly, the device is ensured not to encounter larger dynamic water resistance in the running process, the vibration of the device is avoided, and the stable running of the device is ensured.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the front section of the base extends backwards from the front end to form a streamline profile, which means that the thickness of the front section of the base gradually increases as the front section of the base extends backwards from the starting end of the base, and the bottom surface of the front section of the base is a smooth curved surface. Furthermore, the bottom surface of the base below the upstream connecting section is in a streamline profile, and the bottom surfaces of the base below the gentle slope section, the step section and the downstream connecting section are horizontal planes. And furthermore, the lifting column of the lifting unit is arranged at the position of the horizontal plane on the bottom surface of the rear section of the base.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on that ladder aerification promotes dissolved gas level in water and resumes, in order not to influence the river course flood passage, the width of single the device has been restricted, and preferably, the width of the device does not exceed 0.1D, and D is the surface of water width of arranging the river course section of the device department. According to the requirement of practical application, one or more devices can be arranged on the same section of the river channel, when a plurality of devices are arranged on the same section of the river channel, the total width of all the devices does not exceed 0.3D, and the devices are arranged at a certain distance, preferably, the distance between the adjacent devices is at least 1 time of the width of the devices, for example, the distance between the adjacent devices can be 1-3 times of the width of the devices. The water surface width D of the river channel section where the device is arranged can be determined in a numerical simulation mode by adopting numerical simulation software.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on dissolved gas level resumes in ladder aerification promotion water, the lift unit can upwards rise the base to the position of at least 1.5M apart from the riverbed of arranging the river course section department of the device, and M is when the dam of arranging the river course section upstream of the device lets out the flood five years soon, arranges the average depth of water of the river course section of the device. M can be determined by numerical simulation using numerical simulation software. So it will satisfy the lift unit can upwards rise the base to the requirement of the riverbed position of the river course section department of distance arrangement the device of 1.5M at least, because through the height of the adjustable base in the river course of control to the lift post rise and descend on the one hand, thereby make the device can keep better promotion supersaturated dissolved gas in the water and release fast, promote the effect of the recovery of dissolved gas level in the water, on the other hand, when upstream dam does not sluiced, the low reaches river course does not just promote the demand of supersaturated dissolved gas release, make the base bottom surface eminence surface of device certain distance through the height of adjustment lift post this moment, can avoid the device to influence the rivers flow state of river course.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on dissolved gas level resumes in ladder aerification promotion water, the quantity of the lift post of lift unit does not have special restriction, as long as can realize freely regulating and controlling the lift of base can, in the concrete practice, can confirm according to specific application demand.
As a possible embodiment, the lifting unit may be designed as a sleeve structure, the lifting column being arranged in a sleeve provided with a driving device, the driving device driving the lifting column to ascend and descend in the sleeve, the height of the sleeve being such that the lifting column can be completely accommodated in the sleeve. When installing the device of the invention in a river channel, the sleeve should be embedded in the bed to ensure that the horizontal part of the bottom surface of the base of the device is substantially flush with the bed when the lifting columns are completely received in the sleeve.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on gaseous level recovery of dissolved in promotion water of ladder aerification, the side wall mainly used regular rivers, the side wall should have sufficient height in order to avoid the rivers that get into the device to spill over from the side wall top, and the side wall should have sufficient intensity simultaneously, and specific side wall thickness is confirmed according to the material of side wall. Preferably, the thickness of the side wall is 0.05P-0.1P, and the height of the side wall is not less than 5P.
In the technical scheme of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the step aeration, the step section mainly has the main functions of enhancing the turbulent fluctuation of the water body and carrying out aeration when water flow with the water level raised by the gentle slope section flows through the step section, promoting the rapid release of the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body and promoting the level of the dissolved gas in the water body to be recovered to the normal level more rapidly. The height of each step of the step section is preferably 0.4-0.6 m, the length is preferably 0.4-1.2 m, and the steps have a better supersaturated dissolved gas reduction effect within the size range. The height of the steps means the height of each step in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the width of the device, and the length of the steps means the length of each step in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the width of the device.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on that step aeration promotes the dissolved gas level in the water body to resume's technical scheme, side wall and base can adopt materials such as timber, steel or reinforced concrete to build and form, and the material of side wall and base can be the same or different, and for the convenience of building, side wall and base are preferably the same material to build and form. In addition, in order to conveniently exert the lifting function, the lifting column is preferably made of steel.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on that the ladder aerifys promotes the dissolved gas level in the water body to resume's technical scheme, the effect of level gauge is to measure the depth of water at gentle slope section slope top department, and under the prerequisite that has this effect, the level gauge can adopt the conventional level gauge in this field, and the floater level gauge is preferred in the invention. The purpose of the flow meter is to measure the inlet flow rate of the upstream connecting section, and on the premise of the purpose, the flow meter can adopt a conventional flow meter in the field, and the preferred propeller flow meter in the invention.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on recovery of dissolved gas level in ladder aerification promotion water, the connection between velocity of flow appearance, level gauge and the control computer, according to the difference of the velocity of flow appearance and the signal transmission mode of level gauge that specifically adopt, can be wired connection, also can be wireless connection.
In the above-mentioned liftable hydraulic means based on dissolved gas level resumes in ladder aerification promotion water, for guaranteeing that the device has certain intensity and service life, the thickness of low reaches linkage segment exit must not be less than 1m, can set up to 1 ~ 2m usually.
The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the ladder aeration needs to be arranged in a river channel with flowing water flow at the downstream of the dam along the water flow direction, and usually, the device is arranged in the river channel with flowing water flow at the downstream of the dam and 5-20 km away from the dam.
The use method of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the ladder aeration comprises the following steps:
the device is arranged in a river channel with flowing state of dam downstream water flow along the water flow direction, so that an upstream connecting section is connected with the upstream river channel, a downstream connecting section is connected with the downstream river channel, the height of each lifting column is adjusted, the horizontal bottom surface of the rear section of the device base is in a horizontal state, and then the height of the lifting column of the adjusting device enables the bottom surface of the device base to be in a position higher than a water surface line. When the dam at the upstream of the device is not drained, the problem of dissolved gas supersaturation of the water body in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is not obvious, and the device does not need to be operated, so that the bottom surface of the device is just positioned at a position higher than a water surface line, and the influence of the device on the flow state of water in the river channel can be avoided. When the dam at the upstream of the device drains water, the problem of supersaturation of dissolved gas in the water in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is aggravated, and at the moment, the device needs to be operated to promote the release of the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water and promote the level of the dissolved gas in the water to be restored to a normal level.
When the operation is started, the control computer sends an instruction to a driving device of the lifting unit to drive the lifting column to drive the base to gradually descend, the flow meter positioned at the upstream connecting section and the liquid level meter positioned at the slope top of the gentle slope section start to work, and the inlet flow rate v of the upstream connecting section is transmitted to the control computer according to a set time interval0The top water depth H of the gentle slope section0Data, control computer calculates total head H before slope according to formula (I), if 0.34H<P, the lifting column continues to descend until P is more than or equal to 0.34H-0.05 and less than or equal to 0.34H +0.05, the lifting column stops to continue to descend, and if the inlet flow velocity v of the upstream connecting section is in the running process0The top water depth H of the gentle slope section0If the data changes, the control computer needs to send an instruction to the driving device of the lifting unit, and the driving device of the lifting unit is controlled to drive the lifting column to drive the base to lift so as to adjust the total water head before the slope, so that the total water head before the slope always meets the condition that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and more than or equal to 0.05 and is less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05; when the total water head before the slope always meets the condition that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05, the flow coefficient of the gentle slope section reaches a larger value, and the flow entering the step section through the gentle slope section is larger, so that the step section can be ensured to stably play the role of promoting the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body to be quickly released.
When the dam at the upstream of the device stops draining and the dissolved gas supersaturation level of the water body in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is recovered to the level before the dam drains, the control computer sends an instruction to the driving device of the lifting unit to drive the lifting column to drive the base to gradually rise until the bottom surface of the base of the device is higher than the water surface line.
The design principle of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the step aeration is as follows:
in experiments, the water body flowing through a stepped structure (such as a stepped overflow dam) is enhanced in turbulence and aerated, and if the dissolved gas supersaturated water body is introduced to the top of the stepped overflow dam, the release of the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body can be promoted and the level of the dissolved gas in the water body can be restored in the process that the water body flows through the stepped overflow dam. Based on the structure, the step structure of the step overflow dam is applied to the promotion of the recovery of the level of the dissolved gas in the water body for the first time, the water flow stably passes through the upstream connecting section and is lifted by the gentle slope section through the base comprising the upstream connecting section, the gentle slope section, the step section and the downstream connecting section, then the water flow is discharged downwards through the step section and the downstream connecting section, and the effect of promoting the release of the dissolved gas is achieved by utilizing the processes of aeration of the step section and promotion of turbulent fluctuation enhancement of the water body. Meanwhile, the height of the base is timely adjusted according to incoming flow conditions by designing a lifting unit, a flow meter, a liquid level meter, a control computer and the like which are matched with the base for use, so that the optimal effects of promoting the release of the dissolved gas in the water body and promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body are achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration, which comprises a base, a lifting unit, a flow meter, a liquid level meter and a control computer, wherein the upper surface of the base comprises an upstream connecting section, a gentle slope section, a step section and a downstream connecting section which are sequentially connected, the water level is stably raised through the upstream connecting section and the gentle slope section, and then the water level is discharged through the step section.
2. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the ladder aeration is provided with the control computer, the flow velocity meter, the liquid level meter and the lifting unit, the flow velocity meter and the liquid level meter are used for measuring the inlet flow velocity and the water depth of the top of the slope of the gentle slope section and sending the measured values to the control computer in real time, and the control computer sends a lifting instruction to the lifting unit according to the set conditions, so that the base is driven to move up and down to a reasonable height, the automatic control of the height of the device under different flow rates and water level conditions is realized, the effects of effectively reducing the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body and promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body are achieved, and the practical application of promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body under the high dam is of great significance.
3. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the dissolved gas level in the water body based on the ladder aeration, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the ladder structure (such as the ladder overflow dam) is applied to the promotion of the recovery of the dissolved gas level in the water body at the downstream of the dam for the first time, the whole structure composition is simple, the manufacture is easy, the automation control is realized, the operability is strong, the adverse environmental influence caused by the development of environmental water and electricity can be effectively realized, the fishes living at the downstream of the high dam are protected, and the practicability is very strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an experimental apparatus used in example 1, in FIG. 1, 10-a regulating valve, 11-a clear water inlet, 12-a dissolved gas supersaturated water inlet, 13-a triangular weir, 14-a stilling pool, 15-a stepped overflow dam, and 16-a monitoring probe.
FIG. 2 shows the variation of TDG saturation on a stepped overflow dam in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in DO saturation at the step weirs of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the step aeration according to the invention, which is cut along the length direction.
In the drawings 4-5, 1-base, 1-upstream connecting section, 1-2-gentle slope section, 1-3-step section, 1-4-downstream gentle slope section, 2-lifting unit, 2-1-lifting column, 2-driving device, 3-flow velocity instrument, 4-liquid level meter and 5-control computer.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensional relationship of each part of the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on the step aeration.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the control computer and the flow rate meter, the liquid level meter and the lifting unit in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a lifting hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above disclosure and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In order to confirm that the step section structure adopted by the invention has the effect of promoting the release of supersaturated gas in the water body to recover the dissolved gas level, the experiment is carried out by the experimental device with the step structure (step overflow dam), and whether the step structure can promote the release of supersaturated gas in the water body and promote the dissolved gas level to recover the normal level is examined.
The structure schematic diagram of the experimental device is shown in fig. 1, and comprises an adjusting valve 10, a clear water flow inlet 11, a dissolved gas supersaturated water flow inlet 12, a triangular measuring weir 13, a stilling pool 14 and a stepped overflow dam 15 which are sequentially communicated from left to right, wherein monitoring probes 16 are arranged on different steps of the stepped overflow dam and used for monitoring the total dissolved gas content and the dissolved oxygen content in the water body. The height from the weir port of the triangular water measuring weir to the bottom plate is 0.405m, and the weir width of the water measuring weir is 0.3 m. The ladder body type of ladder overflow dam does: the ladder is 10cm long, 6cm high and 15cm wide.
The Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) saturation and the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) saturation are used as experiment monitoring indexes, and two groups of experiments are set to respectively monitor the changes of the TDG saturation and the DO saturation. Conditions for the first set of experiments: setting the initial TDG saturation degree to be 120 +/-5%, and setting the flow rate to be 8.5-9.0L/s; conditions for the second set of experiments: the initial DO saturation is set to 160.0 + -5.0% and the flow rate is set to 5.5-6.0L/s.
1. Adopting a first group of experiments to monitor TDG saturation, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) and opening the supersaturated TDG generation device, and after the device generates stable supersaturated water flow, respectively adjusting flow valves for connecting the clean water tank and the TDG generation device, so that the clean water and the supersaturated water flow with different flow proportions are uniformly mixed in the water tank in front of the triangular weir, and the flow state of the water flow on the stepped overflow dam is stable.
(2) The water head of the triangular weir and the water depth at the 0# step are measured and recorded, and the TDG saturation at the 0#, 3#, 6#, 9#, 12#, 15#, 18#, 21#, 24# steps and the bottom (26# steps) of the step overflow dam is measured and recorded. The results are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 1.
2. A second set of experiments is adopted to monitor DO saturation, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and opening the supersaturated DO generation device, and after the device generates stable supersaturated water flow, respectively adjusting flow valves connected with the clean water tank and the DO generation device to ensure that the clean water and the supersaturated water flow with different flow proportions are uniformly mixed in the water tank in front of the triangular weir and the flow state of the water flow on the stepped overflow dam is stable.
(2) The water head of the triangular weir and the water depth at the 0# step are measured and recorded, and the DO saturation at the 0#, 3#, 6#, 9#, 12#, 15#, 18#, 21#, 24# steps and the bottom (26# steps) of the step overflow dam are measured and recorded. The results are shown in FIG. 3 and Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As can be seen from fig. 2 to 3 and tables 1 to 2, the stepped structure (e.g., the stepped overflow dam in this embodiment) can promote the release of the supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the recovery of the dissolved gas level (including the total dissolved gas level and the dissolved oxygen level) in the water body.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration is arranged on the section at the position 6.57km downstream of a dam along the water flow direction, and the average slope of the river is known to be 2.77 per thousand. According to the numerical simulation result of Mike11 software, the water surface width of the section is about 107.42m, and the average water depth of the section is 9.34m when the dam is released for 5 years and meets flood.
In this embodiment, a liftable hydraulic apparatus for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration is shown in fig. 4-6, and includes a base 1, a lifting unit 2, a flow rate meter 3, a liquid level meter 4, and a control computer 5.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the upper surface of the base 1 includes an upstream connecting section 1-1, a gentle slope section 1-2, a step section 1-3, and a downstream connecting section 1-4, which are sequentially connected. The bottom surface of the base 1 below the upstream connecting section 1-1 is in a streamline profile, and the bottom surfaces of the base 1 below the gentle slope section 1-2, the step section 1-3 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 are horizontal planes. As shown in fig. 6, the cross section of the gentle slope section 1-2 is formed by joining a first circular arc with a radius of R1 and a second circular arc with a radius of R2, the starting point of the gentle slope section 1-2 is lower than the ending point, the height difference between the starting point and the ending point of the gentle slope section 1-2 is P, P is 2.8m, and the projection length of the gentle slope section 1-2 in the horizontal direction is 8.4 m. R1、R211.2m and 2.8m respectively. The step sections 1-3 are provided with a plurality of steps, the starting points of the step sections 1-3 are higher than the ending points, the height difference between the starting points and the ending points of the step sections 1-3 is 2.8m, and the projection length of the step sections 1-3 in the horizontal direction is 3.0 m. The height of each step is 0.4m, and the length is 0.5 m. The upstream connecting section 1-1 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 are inclined planes with gradient of 2.77 per thousand, and the projection lengths of the upstream connecting section 1-1 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 in the horizontal direction are both 5.0 m. Along upstream connecting sections1-1, 1-2 gentle slope sections, 1-3 step sections and 1-4 downstream connecting sections are provided with side walls 1-5 on both sides. The side walls 1-51-5 have a thickness of 0.14m and a height of 14 m. The width of the widest part of the base 1, i.e. the width of the device, is 5.0 m. The base 1 and the side walls 1-5 are both constructed by reinforced concrete.
The lifting unit 2 comprises three lifting columns 2-1 and a driving device 2-2 connected with the lifting columns and used for driving the lifting columns 2-1 to lift. The lifting unit 2 is of a sleeve structure, the lifting column 2-1 is sleeved in a sleeve provided with the driving device 2-2, the driving device 2-2 drives the lifting column 2-1 to ascend and descend in the sleeve, and the height of the sleeve enables the lifting column 2-1 to be completely accommodated in the sleeve. The lifting column 2-1 has a total height of 15m and is made of steel. The lifting column 2-1 is arranged at the position of the horizontal plane on the bottom surface of the rear section of the base 1. As shown in fig. 7, the driving device 2-2 is connected to the control computer 5.
The flow meter 3 adopts a suspended propeller flow meter and is arranged at the front end of the upstream connecting section 1-1 for measuring the inlet flow velocity v of the upstream connecting section 1-10. The liquid level meter 4 adopts a floating ball liquid level meter and is arranged at the top of the gentle slope section 1-2 for measuring the top water depth H of the gentle slope section 1-20. As shown in fig. 7, the flow rate meter 3 and the level meter 4 are both connected to the control computer 5.
One lifting hydraulic device is arranged on the section of a dam at the position 6.57km downstream along the water flow direction.
The flow velocity meter 3 and the liquid level meter 4 respectively transmit the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section 1-1 and the water depth data of the top of the gentle slope section 1-2 to the control computer 5 in real time, the control computer 5 calculates the total head before the slope according to the formula (I), and controls the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2 to drive the lifting column 2-1 to drive the base 1 to lift in real time so as to adjust the total head before the slope, so that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and less than or equal to 0.05m and is less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05 m;
in the formula (I), H is the total head before the slope and has the unit of m, H0The water depth of the top of the gentle slope section is m, v0Is the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section, and has the unit of m/s, and g is gravityAcceleration in m/s2。
Example 3
The following description is provided on the method for using the liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the step aeration, which is provided in example 2, and the process is as follows:
the device is arranged in a river channel with flowing downstream water flow of a dam along the water flow direction, an upstream connecting section 1-1 is connected with the upstream river channel, a downstream connecting section 1-4 is connected with the downstream river channel, the height of each lifting column 2-1 is adjusted, the horizontal bottom surface of the rear section of a device base 1 is in a horizontal state, and then the height of each lifting column 2-1 of the device is adjusted, so that the bottom surface of the device base 1 is higher than the position of a water surface line. When the dam at the upstream of the device is not drained, the problem of dissolved gas supersaturation of the water body in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is not obvious, and the device does not need to be operated, so that the bottom surface of the device is just positioned at a position higher than a water surface line, and the influence of the device on the flow state of water in the river channel can be avoided. When the dam at the upstream of the device drains, the problem of supersaturation of dissolved gas in the water in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is aggravated, and at the moment, the device needs to be operated to promote the release of the supersaturation dissolved gas in the water and promote the recovery of the level of the dissolved gas in the water.
When the operation is started, the control computer 5 sends an instruction to the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2 to drive the lifting column 2-1 to drive the base 1 to gradually descend, the flow meter 3 positioned at the upstream connecting section 1-1 and the liquid level meter 4 positioned at the top of the gentle slope section 1-2 start to work, and the inlet flow velocity v of the upstream connecting section 1-1 is transmitted to the control computer 5 according to a set time interval0And the water depth H of the top of the gentle slope section 1-20Data, the control computer 5 calculates the total head H before the slope according to the formula (I), if 0.34H<P, the lifting column 2-1 continues to descend until P is more than or equal to 0.34H-0.05 and less than or equal to 0.34H +0.05, at the moment, the lifting column 2-1 stops to continue to descend, and if the inlet flow velocity v of the upstream connecting section 1-1 is in the running process0And the water depth H of the top of the gentle slope section 1-20If the data changes, the control computer 5 needs to send an instruction to the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2, and the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2 drives the lifting column 2-1 to drive the base 1 to lift for adjustmentThe total water head before slope finishing is realized, so that the total water head before slope always meets the condition that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05 and is less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05; when the total water head before the slope always satisfies that P is more than or equal to 0.34H-0.05 and less than or equal to 0.34H +0.05, the flow coefficient of the gentle slope section 1-2 reaches a larger value, and the flow entering the step section 1-3 through the gentle slope section 1-2 is larger, so that the step section 1-3 can be ensured to stably play a role in promoting the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gas in the water body, and the level of the dissolved gas in the water body is promoted to be recovered.
When the dam at the upstream of the device stops draining and the dissolved gas supersaturation level of the water body in the river channel at the downstream of the dam is restored to the level before the dam drains, the control computer 5 sends an instruction to the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2 to drive the lifting column 2-1 to drive the base to gradually rise until the bottom surface of the base 1 of the device is higher than the water level.
Example 4
In the embodiment, a liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on step aeration is arranged on the section of 6.57km downstream of a dam along the water flow direction, and the average slope drop of the river is known to be 2.77 per thousand. According to the numerical simulation result of Mike11 software, the water surface width of the section is about 107.42m, and the average water depth of the section is 9.34m when the dam is released for 5 years and meets flood.
In this embodiment, a liftable hydraulic apparatus for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration is shown in fig. 4-6, and includes a base 1, a lifting unit 2, a flow rate meter 3, a liquid level meter 4, and a control computer 5.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the upper surface of the base 1 includes an upstream connecting section 1-1, a gentle slope section 1-2, a step section 1-3, and a downstream connecting section 1-4, which are sequentially connected. The bottom surface of the base 1 below the upstream connecting section 1-1 is in a streamline profile, and the bottom surfaces of the base 1 below the gentle slope section 1-2, the step section 1-3 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 are horizontal surfaces. As shown in fig. 6, the cross section of the gentle slope section 1-2 is formed by joining a first circular arc with a radius of R1 and a second circular arc with a radius of R2, the starting point of the gentle slope section 1-2 is lower than the ending point, the height difference between the starting point and the ending point of the gentle slope section 1-2 is P, P is 2.8m, and the projection length of the gentle slope section 1-2 in the horizontal direction is 8.4 m. R is1、R2Are 11.2m and 2 respectively8 m. The step sections 1-3 are provided with a plurality of steps, the starting points of the step sections 1-3 are higher than the ending points, the height difference between the starting points and the ending points of the step sections 1-3 is 2.8m, and the projection length of the step sections 1-3 in the horizontal direction is 3.0 m. The height of each step is 0.4m, and the length is 0.5 m. The upstream connecting section 1-1 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 are inclined planes with the gradient of 2.77 per thousand, and the projection lengths of the upstream connecting section 1-1 and the downstream connecting section 1-4 in the horizontal direction are both 5.0 m. Side walls 1-5 are arranged along two sides of the upstream connecting section 1-1, the gentle slope section 1-2, the step section 1-3 and the downstream connecting section 1-4. The side walls 1-51-5 have a thickness of 0.14m and a height of 14 m. The width of the widest part of the base 1, i.e. the width of the device, is 5.0 m. The base 1 and the side walls 1-5 are both constructed by reinforced concrete.
The lifting unit 2 comprises three lifting columns 2-1 and a driving device 2-2 connected with the lifting columns and used for driving the lifting columns 2-1 to lift. The lifting unit 2 is of a sleeve structure, the lifting column 2-1 is sleeved in a sleeve provided with the driving device 2-2, the driving device 2-2 drives the lifting column 2-1 to ascend and descend in the sleeve, and the height of the sleeve enables the lifting column 2-1 to be completely accommodated in the sleeve. The total height of the lifting column 2-1 is 15m and is made of steel. The lifting column 2-1 is arranged at the position of the horizontal plane on the bottom surface of the rear section of the base 1. As shown in fig. 7, the driving device 2-2 is connected to the control computer 5.
The flow meter 3 adopts a suspended paddle flow meter and is arranged at the front end of the upstream connecting section 1-1 for measuring the inlet flow velocity v of the upstream connecting section 1-10. The liquid level meter 4 adopts a floating ball liquid level meter and is arranged at the top of the gentle slope section 1-2 for measuring the top water depth H of the gentle slope section 1-20. As shown in fig. 7, the flow rate meter 3 and the level meter 4 are both connected to the control computer 5.
Two lifting hydraulic devices are arranged on the section of a position 6.57km downstream of a dam along the water flow direction, and the distance between every two adjacent lifting hydraulic devices is 2 times of the width of each lifting hydraulic device.
The flow velocity meter 3 and the liquid level meter 4 respectively transmit the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section 1-1 and the water depth data of the top of the gentle slope section 1-2 to the control computer 5 in real time, the control computer 5 calculates the total head before the slope according to the formula (I), and controls the driving device 2-2 of the lifting unit 2 to drive the lifting column 2-1 to drive the base 1 to lift in real time so as to adjust the total head before the slope, so that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and less than or equal to 0.05m and is less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05 m;
in the formula (I), H is the total head before the slope and has the unit of m and H0The water depth at the top of the gentle slope section is m, v0Is the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section in m/s, g is the acceleration of gravity in m/s2。
Claims (7)
1. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of the dissolved gas in the water body based on the step aeration is characterized by comprising a base (1), a lifting unit (2), a flow velocity meter (3), a liquid level meter (4) and a control computer (5);
the upper surface of the base (1) comprises an upstream connecting section (1-1), a gradual slope section (1-2), a step section (1-3) and a downstream connecting section (1-4) which are sequentially connected, and side walls (1-5) are arranged along two sides of the upstream connecting section (1-1), the gradual slope section (1-2), the step section (1-3) and the downstream connecting section (1-4);
the section of the gentle slope section (1-2) is formed by joining two arcs with different radiuses and opposite directions, the initial point of the gentle slope section (1-2) is lower than the end point, the height difference between the initial point and the end point of the gentle slope section (1-2) is P, P is 2.5-3.0 m, and the projection length of the gentle slope section (1-2) in the horizontal direction is 3P; the step sections (1-3) are provided with a plurality of steps, the starting points of the step sections (1-3) are higher than the ending points, the height difference between the starting points and the ending points of the step sections (1-3) is P, and the projection length of the step sections (1-3) in the horizontal direction is 1-2P; the height of each step of the step sections (1-3) is 0.4-0.6 m, and the length is 0.4-1.2 m; the upstream connecting section (1-1) and the downstream connecting section (1-4) are inclined planes with the gradient consistent with that of the river channel, and the projection lengths of the upstream connecting section (1-1) and the downstream connecting section (1-4) in the horizontal direction are both 1-2P;
the lifting unit (2) comprises a plurality of lifting columns (2-1) and a driving device (2-2) which is connected with the lifting columns (2-1) and used for driving the lifting columns (2-1) to lift, and the lifting columns (2-1) are fixedly connected with the bottom of the base (1); the flow meter (3) is positioned at the front end of the upstream connecting section (1-1) and used for measuring the inlet flow rate of the upstream connecting section (1-1), and the liquid level meter (4) is positioned at the top of the gentle slope section (1-2) and used for measuring the top water depth of the gentle slope section (1-2); the driving device (2-2), the flow meter (3) and the liquid level meter (4) are all connected with a control computer (5);
the device is arranged in a river channel with flowing water flow at the downstream of a dam along the water flow direction, a control computer (5) controls a driving device (2-2) of a lifting unit (2) to drive a lifting column (2-1) to drive a base (1) to lift according to the inlet flow rate of an upstream connecting section (1-1) and the water depth of the top of a gentle slope section (1-2), so that the requirement of promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body is met;
the flow meter (3) and the liquid level meter (4) respectively transmit the inlet flow rate of the upstream connecting section (1-1) and the water depth data of the top of the gentle slope section (1-2) to the control computer in real time, the control computer (5) calculates the total head before the slope according to the formula (I), and controls the driving device (2-2) of the lifting unit (2) to drive the lifting column (2-1) to drive the base (1) to lift so as to adjust the total head before the slope, so that P is more than or equal to 0.34H and less than or equal to 0.05m and is less than or equal to 0.34H and 0.05 m;
in the formula (I), H is the total head before the slope and has the unit of m, H0The water depth at the top of the gentle slope section is m, v0Is the inlet flow velocity of the upstream connecting section in m/s, g is the gravitational acceleration in m/s2；
The lifting unit (2) can lift the base (1) upwards to a position which is at least 1.5M away from a riverbed at the river channel section where the device is arranged, and M is the average water depth of the river channel section where the device is arranged when a dam at the upstream of the river channel section where the device is arranged meets flood in five years of releasing.
2. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in water body based on ladder aeration according to claim 1, wherein the profile of the gentle slope section (1-2) is formed by a radius R1Has a first arc and a radius of R2Is formed by joining together the second circular arcs of R1＝4P，R2The starting point of the first circular arc is connected with the end point of the upstream connecting section (1-1), the end point of the second circular arc is connected with the starting point of the stepped section (1-3), the circle center of the second circular arc is located on the base, and the circle center of the first circular arc is located above the base.
3. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the level recovery of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the front section of the base (1) extends backwards from the front end to form a streamline profile, and the bottom surface of the rear section of the base (1) is a horizontal plane.
4. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the width of the device is not more than 0.1D, D being the water surface width of a river section where the device is arranged.
5. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration according to claim 4, wherein when a plurality of the devices are arranged on the same section of a river channel, the total width of all the devices is not more than 0.3D, and D is the water surface width of the section of the river channel where the devices are arranged.
6. The liftable hydraulic apparatus for promoting restoration of dissolved gas level in water based on ladder aeration according to claim 5, wherein when a plurality of the apparatus are arranged on the same section of the river, the distance between adjacent apparatuses is at least 1 time of the width of the apparatus.
7. The liftable hydraulic device for promoting the recovery of the level of dissolved gas in a water body based on ladder aeration according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the side wall (1-5) is 0.05P-0.1P, and the height of the side wall (1-5) is not less than 5P.
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