CN109083108B - Variable-vertical-plane-angle and planar-angle first-stage transition step aeration structure and energy dissipation method - Google Patents
Variable-vertical-plane-angle and planar-angle first-stage transition step aeration structure and energy dissipation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a variable vertical angle and plane angle first-stage transition step aeration structure and an energy dissipation method, and belongs to the fields of aeration and corrosion reduction of hydraulic buildings in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering. The invention achieves the purposes of reducing negative pressure and reducing cavitation erosion damage degree by freely changing the angles of the first-stage vertical surface step and the plane step of the straight-line section of the WES overflow weir. According to the invention, through the optimization of the first-stage ladder of the straight-line segment of the WES overflow weir, firstly, the negative pressure on the straight-line segment ladder of the WES overflow weir is reduced to a greater extent; secondly, the cavitation erosion damage degree on the straight-line step of the WES overflow weir is obviously reduced; thirdly, the overall flow state of the water flow has no great change under all levels of flow, which shows that the angle change does not affect the normal flood discharge in the actual engineering case under the conditions of reducing the negative pressure and the cavitation erosion damage degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable vertical angle and plane angle first-stage transition step aeration structure and an energy dissipation method, and belongs to the fields of aeration and corrosion reduction of hydraulic buildings in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.
Background
Stepped spillways have become a popular way of safe flood discharge over the last decades. Due to the accumulated energy dissipation effect of the steps, the energy dissipation rate is improved, the defect of a centralized energy dissipater is overcome, and the energy dissipation building can run more safely. Rice et al studies showed that: under the conditions of the same gradient and different single-width flows, the energy dissipation rate of the stepped overflow dam generally accounts for 48% -71% of the total energy, and the energy dissipation rate of the chute section of the smooth overflow dam only accounts for 20% -25% of the total energy under the same conditions. Under the condition of discharging the same flow, the energy dissipation rate of the stepped overflow dam is 2.4-2.9 times higher than that of the smooth overflow dam. Because the energy dissipation rate of the step spillway is higher, the energy dissipation requirement at the tail end of the spillway is greatly reduced, and even no energy dissipation facility is needed. In addition, due to the application of the RCC technology, the step spillway is easy to construct, short in construction period and low in investment, and has application in many projects at home and abroad. Since the 1980 s, the applications of stepped spillways, overflow dams and spillways in hydraulic engineering of various countries in the world have been rapidly developed, not only adopted by hydraulic engineering, but also applied to the fields of environment, fishery, urban landscape design and the like.
Along with the development of high dam and large reservoir construction, the water head of a water outlet building is higher and larger, the scale of the water outlet building is larger and larger, the single wide flow rate is further increased, and the problem of high-speed water flow related to the single wide flow rate is more and more prominent. The problem of aeration of high-speed water flow is closely related to engineering problems such as aeration erosion reduction, flow-induced vibration, reasonable hole top residual amplitude, jet atomization and the like, and is seriously concerned by engineering techniques and researchers all the time. Scientists have conducted a great deal of research into aerated water streams, the content of which includes the mechanism of aeration, the characteristics of aerated water streams, the type of aeration erosion reduction, and the like.
Aiming at the traditional energy dissipater, a stepped overflow dam is introduced for energy dissipation, and is combined with a flaring pier and a stilling basin to form an integrated energy dissipation facility, the energy dissipation form has the advantages of flaring pier energy dissipation and stepped overflow dam energy dissipation, the energy dissipation rate of the flaring pier is further improved by utilizing a stepped overflow surface, and cavitation damage are avoided by utilizing the ventilation of a water-free area behind the flaring pier from the bottom of a water tongue to the stepped dam surface, so that the stepped overflow dam is developed towards the direction of high water head large single width flow.
Although the step spillway has a plurality of advantages, the energy dissipation rate is reduced due to the increase of single wide flow, and the problem of step surface cavitation under the condition of large single wide flow is prominent. In 1973, single wide flow rate of 120m in the step spillway of reservoir at Danjiang river mouth of China2After the flood of/s, a large area of cavitation pits appear.
Although the research on the energy dissipation mechanism of the combination energy dissipation form of the flaring pier and the stepped overflow dam is relatively sufficient, under the conditions of high water head and large single flow, the water depth on the stepped surface is increased, the aeration condition is lacked at the bottom, the huge energy cannot be eliminated only by the friction resistance of the steps, and the dam surface can be seriously damaged by cavitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a primary transition step aeration structure with variable vertical surface angles and plane angles and an energy dissipation method, aiming at the problems that a step spillway in the current high-head large-scale hydraulic structure flow discharge energy dissipation design has large-area cavitation erosion damage, negative pressure is found to exist on a step surface through instrument measurement, and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a primary transition step aeration structure with variable vertical surface angles and plane angles comprises a WES curve section, a WES straight-line section, a WES arc-reflecting section, a stilling pool, a primary transition step vertical surface, a primary transition step plane, a secondary hydraulic jacking device, a primary hydraulic jacking device, a rotating shaft part, a pressure sensor and a controller, wherein the WES curve section is connected with the WES straight-line section, the WES straight-line section is connected with the WES arc-reflecting section, the tail part of the WES arc-reflecting section is connected with the stilling pool, the front part of the stilling pool is connected with the primary transition step vertical surface, the primary transition step vertical surface is positioned above the primary transition step plane, and the secondary hydraulic jacking device and the pressure sensor are arranged at the bottom of the lower end of the primary transition step vertical surface and the bottom of the rear end of the primary transition step plane in a rotating manner; the upper end of the first-stage transition ladder vertical surface and the front end of the first-stage transition ladder plane are both provided with rotating shaft parts;
the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device comprises auxiliary hydraulic cylinders and auxiliary jacking columns, the auxiliary jacking columns are arranged in the auxiliary hydraulic cylinders, the main hydraulic jacking device comprises a main hydraulic pump and a main hydraulic cylinder, the main hydraulic cylinder is internally provided with the main hydraulic pump, the main hydraulic cylinder is communicated with a plurality of hydraulic auxiliary pipelines through a main hydraulic pipeline, each hydraulic auxiliary pipeline is communicated with a plurality of auxiliary hydraulic cylinders, the main hydraulic pipeline is provided with a main hydraulic control valve, an auxiliary hydraulic control valve is arranged on the hydraulic auxiliary pipeline at the front end of each auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a pressure sensor is connected with a controller, and the controller is respectively connected with the main hydraulic control valve, the auxiliary hydraulic control valves and the main hydraulic pump;
the rotating shaft part comprises an outer rotating shaft, rotating balls, an inner rotating shaft, upper blades, blade holes, lower blades and more than one fixing column, the outer rotating shaft is positioned outside the inner rotating shaft and comprises an upper part and a lower part, the outer rotating shaft and the inner rotating shaft are both provided with grooves, the grooves are respectively arranged at two ends and the middle part of the rotating shaft, the rotating balls are arranged at the grooves, the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft relatively rotate through the rotating balls, the upper blades and the lower blades are respectively provided with more than one blade hole and are anchored by penetrating the fixing columns through the blade holes, the lower blades are poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face and inside the front end of the first-stage transition step plane and are anchored by penetrating the fixing columns through the blade holes, the upper blades are poured at the bottom of the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face and the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition step vertical face, and the upper blades poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face are The upper blade and the lower blade which are cast at the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition stepped plane are respectively connected with the upper part and the lower part of the external rotating shaft in the rotating shaft part at the front end of the first-stage transition stepped plane.
Preferably, the upper blade and the lower blade are respectively cast with two sides of the outer rotating shaft to form an integral body when shaping the upper blade and the lower blade, and the rotating shaft part is directly installed at the upper end of the primary transition step vertical face and the front end of the primary transition step plane when casting.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is connected with the controller through a remote sensing device.
An energy dissipation method of a primary transition step aeration structure with variable vertical surface angles and plane angles comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: setting a negative pressure range value which can be borne by the bottom of the lower end of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder and the bottom of the rear end of the plane of the first-stage transition ladder in a controller according to actual conditions;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a sensor arranged at the bottom of the lower end of a first-stage transition ladder vertical surface and the bottom of the rear end of a first-stage transition ladder plane detects negative pressure values borne by the first-stage transition ladder vertical surface and the first-stage transition ladder plane in real time and sends the detected values to a controller, and the controller controls the ascending or descending of a main hydraulic pump and the opening of the main hydraulic control valve according to received signals;
step 3: the controller controls the opening degree of the main hydraulic control valve and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve according to the actual pressure values of the first-stage transition step vertical face and the first-stage transition step plane detected by the negative pressure sensor in real time, so that the auxiliary jacking column ascends or descends under the auxiliary action of the rotating shaft part, and the inclination angles of the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical face and the first-stage transition step plane are adjusted.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: a transition step air-entraining structure with variable vertical surface angles and flat surface angles comprises a first-stage transition step vertical surface and a first-stage transition step plane, wherein the vertical surface angle of the first-stage transition step vertical surface can be changed by a rotating shaft at the upper end of the vertical surface and a hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the vertical surface, the plane angle of the first-stage transition step plane can be changed by a rotating shaft at the front end of the first-stage transition step plane and a hydraulic jacking device at the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane, the angles of the two variable surfaces are mainly controlled by an auxiliary hydraulic jacking device and a main hydraulic jacking device, and the rotating shafts of the two variable surfaces are used for assisting the angle change.
The main hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the more than one auxiliary hydraulic cylinders through pipelines, and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinders are provided with jacking columns. The hydraulic lifting device comprises a main hydraulic pump, an auxiliary lifting column, a main hydraulic cylinder, an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a pressure control valve, a lifting portion and a pipeline, wherein the main hydraulic pump and the auxiliary lifting column are power portions, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder are execution portions, the volume of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is increased by the volume reduction in the main hydraulic cylinder so as to enable the lifting column to ascend, the volume of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is reduced by the volume increase in the main hydraulic cylinder so as to enable the lifting column to descend, the pressure control valve is a control portion and mainly controls the telescopic length of the lifting column, the lifting column is a lifting portion and adjusts the lifting of the lower end of a first-stage transition step vertical surface and the lifting of the rear end of a first-stage transition step plane, and the pipeline is an auxiliary.
When the water flows pass through weirs with different flow rates during flow leakage, each auxiliary hydraulic jacking device is adjusted by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device, the main hydraulic control valve and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve, so that the angles of the first-stage transition step vertical surface and the first-stage transition step plane are changed, and the purposes of reducing the negative pressure of the step surface and reducing the cavitation degree are achieved.
For the water flow passing through the weir at different flow rates during the drainage, the vertical surface of the first-stage transition step has a relative angle Ԑ relative to the vertical plane by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device, the main hydraulic control valve and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve, because the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition step and is embedded in the whole concrete, when no operation is performed, the angle formed by the vertical surface of the first-stage transition step in parallel with the vertical surface is taken as a zero angle, which is recorded as Ԑ0. For different flow rates, one partyThe angle of an auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the first-stage transition ladder vertical face is adjusted through a controller by the feedback of numerical values such as pressure reflected by a pressure sensor at the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition ladder vertical face, so that the negative pressure borne by the first-stage transition ladder vertical face is in the engineering range; on the other hand, the cavitation degree of the first-stage transition step vertical surface can be reduced by adjusting the relative angle. The main hydraulic pump of adjustment main hydraulic pressure jacking device, make main hydraulic pump rise, thereby make the volume V increase in the main hydraulic cylinder, and go to adjust the liquid flow Q through the main pipeline through controlling main hydraulic valve, and the corresponding liquid flow Q who changes the auxiliary pipeline, and then make the volume V in the vice hydraulic cylinder reduce as required, finally can make the length of decline of vice jacking post also satisfy the requirement, and finely tune the length that vice hydraulic cylinder changes through adjusting vice hydraulic valve, and then make the relative angle Ԑ of first-level transition ladder facade, optimum energy dissipation rate and the minimum impact pressure of absorption tank bottom plate when can reaching actual engineering flood discharge.
For the weir-crossing water flow with different flow rates in the process of flow leakage, a relative angle Ѳ is formed between the first-stage transition step plane and the horizontal plane by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device, the main hydraulic control valve and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve, because the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the first-stage transition step plane and is embedded in the whole concrete, when no operation is carried out, the angle formed by the first-stage transition step plane in parallel with the plane is a zero angle, which is recorded as Ѳ0. For different flow rates, on one hand, the angle of the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the bottom of the rear end of the first-stage transition stepped plane is adjusted through the controller by the feedback of numerical values such as pressure reflected by the pressure sensor at the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition stepped plane, so that the negative pressure borne by the first-stage transition stepped plane is in the engineering range; on the other hand, the degree of cavitation erosion of the first-stage transition step plane can be reduced by adjusting the relative angle. Adjusting a main hydraulic pump of a main hydraulic jacking device to raise the main hydraulic pump so as to increase a volume V in a main hydraulic cylinder, and controlling the main hydraulic pumpThe valve is pressed and is removed the liquid flow Q of adjustment through the trunk line, and the corresponding liquid flow Q who changes the auxiliary pipeline, and then make volume v in the vice pneumatic cylinder reduce as required, finally can make the length of decline of vice jacking post also satisfy the demands, and finely tune the length that vice hydraulic cylinder changed through adjusting vice hydraulic valve, and then make the planar relative angle Ѳ of first level transition ladder, optimal operating mode when can reaching the actual engineering flood discharge, make the negative pressure of first level transition ladder facade minimum and cavitation erosion degree minimum.
The relative angle Ԑ of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder and the relative angle Ѳ of the plane of the first-stage transition ladder do not have a fixed value, after the pressure born by the pressure sensors arranged at the lower part of the rear end of the plane of the first-stage transition ladder and the lower part of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder is fed back, on one hand, the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder and the plane of the first-stage transition ladder are adjusted by adjusting a main hydraulic pump, a main hydraulic cylinder, a main hydraulic valve and the like through a controller, and on the other hand, an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, an auxiliary jacking column and an auxiliary hydraulic valve are adjusted through the controller, so that the relative angles Ԑ and Ѳ of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder are changed, and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder can meet the actual engineering requirements.
Briefly describing part of the operations: firstly, if the relative angle Ԑ of the primary transition step vertical surface is not changed, only the relative angle Ѳ of the primary transition step plane is adjusted, the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the rear end of the primary transition step plane is adjusted, and the rotary shaft at the front end of the primary transition step plane is used for assisting work, so that the change of the relative angle Ѳ of the primary transition step plane is achieved. Secondly, if the relative angle Ѳ of the primary transition step plane is not changed, only the relative angle Ԑ of the primary transition step vertical surface is adjusted, the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the primary transition step vertical surface is adjusted, and the rotating shaft at the upper end of the primary transition step vertical surface is used for assisting work, so that the relative angle Ԑ of the primary transition step vertical surface is changed. Thirdly, if the relative angle Ѳ of the primary transition step plane and the relative angle Ԑ of the vertical surface are changed, on one hand, the relative angle Ѳ of the primary transition step plane is changed by adjusting an auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the rear end of the primary transition step plane and performing auxiliary work through a rotating shaft at the front end of the primary transition step plane; on the other hand, the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder is adjusted, and auxiliary work is performed through the rotating shaft at the upper end of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder, so that the relative angle Ԑ of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition ladder is changed. The operation of the above aspects can improve negative pressure, cavitation erosion and other adverse conditions generated in actual engineering flood discharge to different degrees.
In the range, the angle change of the first-stage transition step plane and the vertical plane does not have a fixed value, the pressure intensity born by the pressure sensors arranged on the first-stage transition step plane and the vertical plane is fed back, on one hand, the block at the front end of the whole stilling pool is adjusted by adjusting the main hydraulic pump, the main hydraulic cylinder, the main hydraulic valve and the like through the controller, and on the other hand, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary jacking column and the auxiliary hydraulic valve are adjusted through the controller, so that the change of the relative angle of the plane and the vertical plane is realized, and the actual engineering requirements can be met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can improve the negative pressure, cavitation erosion and other adverse conditions generated in actual engineering flood discharge to different degrees by adjusting the elevation angle of the first-stage transition step.
(2) The invention can improve the negative pressure, cavitation erosion and other adverse conditions generated in actual engineering flood discharge to different degrees by adjusting the angle of the first-stage transition step plane.
(3) According to the invention, through adjusting the vertical surface angle of the first-stage transition step and the plane angle of the first-stage transition step, the aeration concentration of the vertical surface of the first-stage transition step and the plane of the first-stage transition step is increased, and the downward-discharging water flow can be fully aerated, so that the rolling degree of the water flow in the stilling pool is more severe, the buffering effect of the water flow in the stilling pool is increased, and the energy dissipation effect is more obvious. And various pressures born are reduced, the flow state of water flow in the stilling pool is changed, various pressures of the bottom plate of the stilling pool are obviously reduced, and the energy dissipation efficiency of the stilling pool is improved.
(4) The invention improves the atomization phenomenon generated during the drainage and ensures that the water flow out of the pool is more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a connection structure between the vertical surface of the first-stage transition step and the plane of the first-stage transition step in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of an alternative connection structure of the first transition step elevation and the first transition step plane in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of an alternative connection structure of the first transition step elevation and the first transition step plane in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of an alternative connection structure of the first transition step elevation and the first transition step plane in the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a partial connection structure of the main hydraulic lifting device and the auxiliary hydraulic lifting device in the present invention:
FIG. 7 is a schematic axial view of the outer and inner shafts and the rotating beads of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the outer shaft, inner shaft and rotating beads of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional structural view of the outer rotary shaft, inner rotary shaft and rotary beads of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the upper blade of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the inner rotary shaft as a whole in the present invention
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotary shaft member in the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the hydraulic control system comprises a main hydraulic pump, a main hydraulic cylinder, a main hydraulic control valve, a main hydraulic pipeline, a main hydraulic cylinder, a main hydraulic control valve, a main hydraulic pipeline, a main hydraulic cylinder, a main lifting column, a main hydraulic control valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples, without however restricting the scope of the invention thereto.
the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device comprises auxiliary hydraulic cylinders 7-5 and auxiliary jacking columns 7-6, the auxiliary jacking columns 7-6 are arranged in the auxiliary hydraulic cylinders 7-5, the main hydraulic jacking device comprises a main hydraulic pump 7-1 and a main hydraulic cylinder 7-2, the main hydraulic pump 7-1 is arranged in the main hydraulic cylinder 7-2, the main hydraulic cylinder 7-2 is communicated with a plurality of hydraulic auxiliary pipelines 7-8 through a main hydraulic pipeline 7-4, each hydraulic auxiliary pipeline 7-8 is communicated with a plurality of auxiliary hydraulic cylinders 7-5, the main hydraulic pipeline 7-4 is provided with a main hydraulic control valve 7-3, the auxiliary hydraulic control valve 7-7 is arranged on the auxiliary hydraulic pipeline 7-8 at the front end of each auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 7-5, a pressure sensor is connected with a controller, and the controller is respectively connected with the main hydraulic control valve 7-3, The auxiliary hydraulic control valve 7-7 is connected with the main hydraulic pump 7-1;
further, the rotating shaft part 8 comprises an outer rotating shaft 8-1, rotating balls 8-2, an inner rotating shaft 8-3, upper blades 8-4, blade holes 8-5, lower blades 8-6 and more than one fixing column 8-7, the outer rotating shaft 8-1 is positioned at the outer side of the inner rotating shaft 8-3, the outer rotating shaft 8-1 comprises an upper part and a lower part, the outer rotating shaft 8-1 and the inner rotating shaft 8-3 are both provided with grooves which are respectively arranged at the two ends and the middle part of the rotating shaft, the rotating balls 8-2 are arranged at the grooves, the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft relatively rotate through the rotating balls 8-2, the upper blades 8-4 and the lower blades 8-6 are respectively provided with more than one blade hole 8-5, and the fixing columns 8-7 penetrate through the blade holes 8-5 for anchoring, the lower blades 8-6 are poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and inside the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6, and a fixing column 8-7 penetrates through a blade hole 8-5 for anchoring, the upper blade 8-4 is poured at the bottom of the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6, the upper blade 8-4 poured at the bottom of the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the lower blade 8-6 poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 are respectively connected with the upper part and the lower part of an outer rotating shaft 8-1 in a rotating shaft part 8 at the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5, and the upper blade 8-4 poured at the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 and the lower blade 8-6 poured inside the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 are respectively connected with the upper part and the lower part of the outer rotating shaft 8-1 in the rotating.
Furthermore, the upper blade 8-4 and the lower blade 8-6 are respectively cast with two sides of the outer rotating shaft 8-1 to form an integration when being shaped, and the rotating shaft part 8 is directly installed at the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face 5 and the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 when being cast, so that the construction is convenient and the connection is firm.
Furthermore, the pressure sensor is connected with the controller through remote sensing equipment, and data transmission is more accurate and rapid.
An energy dissipation method of a primary transition step aeration structure with variable vertical surface angles and plane angles comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: setting a negative pressure range value which can be borne by the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the bottom of the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 in a controller according to actual conditions;
step 2: the negative pressure values borne by the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the second-stage transition step plane 6 are detected in real time by sensors arranged at the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the bottom of the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 and sent to a controller, and the controller controls the rising or falling of the main hydraulic pump 7-1 and the opening of the main hydraulic control valve 7-3 according to received signals;
step 3: the controller controls the opening degree of the main hydraulic control valve 7-3 and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve 7-7 according to the actual pressure values of the first-stage transition step vertical face 5 and the first-stage transition step plane 6 detected by the negative pressure sensor in real time, so that the auxiliary jacking column 7-6 ascends or descends under the auxiliary action of the rotating shaft part 8, and the inclination angle of the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical face 5 and the first-stage transition step plane 6 is adjusted.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, for the flow passing through the weir at different flow rates during the drainage, the primary transition step vertical surface and the primary transition step plane have a relative angle Ԑ and Ѳ with respect to the vertical plane and the horizontal plane respectively by adjusting the secondary hydraulic jacking device. Because the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the first-stage transition step vertical face and is embedded in the whole concrete, when no operation is performed, the angle formed by the first-stage transition step vertical face and the vertical face parallel face is a zero angle, which is recorded as Ԑ0(ii) a Because the secondary hydraulic jacking device is installed at the bottom of the primary transition step plane and embedded in the concrete, when no operation is performed, the angle formed by the primary transition step plane and the plane parallel plane is a zero angle, which is recorded as Ѳ0。
Example 2: as shown in fig. 4, the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the relative angle Ԑ of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 is not changed, but only the relative angle Ѳ of the first-stage transition step plane 6 is adjusted, and the relative angle Ѳ of the first-stage transition step plane 6 is changed by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 and performing auxiliary work through the rotating shaft 8 at the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6. Therefore, the aeration concentration in the flood discharge and energy dissipation process can be increased, and the degree of cavitation erosion borne by the step surface can be reduced.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 3, the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the relative angle Ѳ of the first-stage transition step plane 6 is not changed, but only the relative angle Ԑ of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 is adjusted, and the relative angle Ԑ of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 is changed by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and performing auxiliary work through the rotating shaft 8 at the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5. Therefore, the aeration concentration in the flood discharge and energy dissipation process can be increased, and the degree of cavitation erosion borne by the step surface can be reduced.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 5, the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the relative angle Ѳ of the first-stage transition step plane 6 and the relative angle Ԑ of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 are changed, on one hand, the relative angle Ѳ of the first-stage transition step plane 6 is changed by adjusting the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 and performing auxiliary work through the rotating shaft 8 at the front end of the first-stage transition step plane 6; on the other hand, the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device at the lower end of the first-stage transition ladder vertical surface 5 is adjusted, and the rotating shaft 8 at the upper end of the first-stage transition ladder vertical surface 5 is used for assisting work, so that the relative angle Ԑ of the first-stage transition ladder vertical surface 5 is changed. Therefore, the aeration concentration in the flood discharge and energy dissipation process can be increased, and the degree of cavitation erosion borne by the step surface can be reduced.
In the invention, for the relative angle Ԑ and Ѳ changes of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the first-stage transition step plane 6, a fixed value does not exist, and the negative pressure born by the pressure sensor arranged at the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the pressure sensor at the bottom of the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane 6 is fed back, on one hand, the first-stage transition step vertical surface 5 and the first-stage transition step plane 6 are adjusted by adjusting the main hydraulic pump 7-1, the main hydraulic cylinder 7-2, the main hydraulic valve 7-3 and the like by the controller, and on the other hand, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 7-5, the auxiliary jacking column 7-6 and the auxiliary hydraulic valve 7-7 are adjusted by the controller, so that the relative angle Ԑ and Ѳ can be changed, and the change can meet the actual engineering requirements.
According to the invention, through the optimization of the first-stage ladder of the straight-line segment of the WES overflow weir, firstly, the negative pressure on the straight-line segment ladder of the WES overflow weir is reduced to a greater extent; secondly, the cavitation erosion damage degree on the straight-line step of the WES overflow weir is obviously reduced; thirdly, the overall flow state of the water flow has no great change under all levels of flow, which shows that the angle change does not affect the normal flood discharge in the actual engineering case under the conditions of reducing the negative pressure and the cavitation erosion damage degree.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a become face angle and plane angle first grade transition ladder aeration structure which characterized in that: the hydraulic lifting device comprises a WES curve section (1), a WES straight-line section (2), a WES reverse arc section (3), a stilling pool (4), a first-stage transition ladder vertical face (5), a first-stage transition ladder plane (6), an auxiliary hydraulic lifting device, a main hydraulic lifting device, a rotating shaft component (8), a pressure sensor and a controller, wherein the WES curve section (1) is connected with the WES straight-line section (2), the WES straight-line section (2) is connected with the WES reverse arc section (3), the tail part of the WES reverse arc section (3) is connected with the stilling pool (4), the front end of the stilling pool (4) is connected with the first-stage transition ladder vertical face (5), the first-stage transition ladder vertical face (5) is positioned above the first-stage transition ladder plane (6), and the lower end bottom of the first-stage transition ladder vertical face (5) and the rear end bottom of the first-stage transition ladder plane (6) are both provided with the auxiliary hydraulic lifting device and; the upper end of the primary transition step vertical surface (5) and the front end of the primary transition step plane (6) are both provided with a rotating shaft part (8);
the auxiliary hydraulic jacking device comprises auxiliary hydraulic cylinders (7-5) and auxiliary jacking columns (7-6), the auxiliary jacking columns (7-6) are arranged in the auxiliary hydraulic cylinders (7-5), the main hydraulic jacking device comprises a main hydraulic pump (7-1) and a main hydraulic cylinder (7-2), the main hydraulic pump (7-1) is arranged in the main hydraulic cylinder (7-2), the main hydraulic cylinder (7-2) is communicated with a plurality of hydraulic auxiliary pipelines (7-8) through a main hydraulic pipeline (7-4), each hydraulic auxiliary pipeline (7-8) is communicated with a plurality of auxiliary hydraulic cylinders (7-5), the main hydraulic pipeline (7-4) is provided with a main hydraulic control valve (7-3), and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve (7-7) is arranged on the auxiliary hydraulic pipeline (7-8) at the front end of each auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (7-5), the pressure sensor is connected with a controller, and the controller is respectively connected with a main hydraulic control valve (7-3), an auxiliary hydraulic control valve (7-7) and a main hydraulic pump (7-1).
2. The variable dihedral and planar angle first-stage transition step air-entrainment structure of claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft part (8) comprises an outer rotating shaft (8-1), rotating beads (8-2), an inner rotating shaft (8-3), an upper blade (8-4), blade holes (8-5), a lower blade (8-6) and more than one fixing column (8-7), the outer rotating shaft (8-1) is positioned at the outer side of the inner rotating shaft (8-3), the outer rotating shaft (8-1) comprises an upper part and a lower part, the outer rotating shaft (8-1) and the inner rotating shaft (8-3) are respectively provided with a groove, the grooves are respectively arranged at two ends and the middle part of the rotating shaft, the rotating beads (8-2) are arranged at the grooves, the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft relatively rotate through the rotating beads (8-2), the upper blade (8-4) and the lower blade (8-6) are respectively provided with more than one blade hole (8-5), fixing columns (8-7) penetrate through the blade holes (8-5) for anchoring, the lower blades (8-6) are poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face (5) and the front end of the first-stage transition step plane (6), the fixing columns (8-7) penetrate through the blade holes (8-5) for anchoring, the upper blades (8-4) are poured at the bottom of the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face (5) and the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition step plane (6), the upper blades (8-4) poured at the bottom of the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face (5) and the lower blades (8-6) poured inside the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face (5) are respectively connected with the upper portion and the lower portion of the external rotating shaft (8-1) in the rotating shaft component (8) at the upper end of the first-stage transition step vertical face (5), an upper blade (8-4) poured at the bottom of the front end of the first-stage transition stepped plane (6) and a lower blade (8-6) poured inside the front end of the first-stage transition stepped plane (6) are respectively connected with the upper part and the lower part of an external rotating shaft (8-1) in a rotating shaft component (8) at the front end of the first-stage transition stepped plane (6).
3. The variable dihedral and planar angle first-stage transition step air-entrainment structure of claim 2, wherein: the upper blades (8-4) and the lower blades (8-6) are respectively cast with two sides of the outer rotating shaft (8-1) to form an integration when being shaped, and the rotating shaft part (8) is directly installed at the upper end of the primary transition step vertical face and the front end of the primary transition step plane when being cast.
4. The variable dihedral and planar angle first-stage transition step air-entrainment structure of claim 1, wherein: the pressure sensor is connected with the controller through remote sensing equipment.
5. The energy dissipation method of the variable vertical angle and planar angle first-stage transition step aerator structure of claim 1 ~ 4, comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting a negative pressure range value which can be borne by the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface (5) and the bottom of the rear end of the first-stage transition step plane (6) in a controller according to actual conditions;
step 2: the negative pressure values borne by the lower end bottom of the first-stage transition step vertical surface (5) and the rear end bottom of the first-stage transition step plane (6) are detected in real time by sensors arranged at the lower end bottom of the first-stage transition step vertical surface and the rear end bottom of the first-stage transition step plane (6) and are sent to a controller, and the controller controls the rising or falling of the main hydraulic pump (7-1) and the opening of the main hydraulic control valve (7-3) according to received signals;
step 3: the controller controls the opening degree of the main hydraulic control valve (7-3) and the auxiliary hydraulic control valve (7-7) according to the actual pressure values of the first-stage transition step vertical surface (5) and the first-stage transition step plane (6) detected by the negative pressure sensor in real time, so that the auxiliary jacking column (7-6) rises or falls under the auxiliary action of the rotating shaft part (8), and the inclination angles of the bottom of the lower end of the first-stage transition step vertical surface (5) and the first-stage transition step plane (6) are adjusted.
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