CN113020505A - Near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling circumferential-axial performance of thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder - Google Patents
Near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling circumferential-axial performance of thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113020505A CN113020505A CN202110250846.0A CN202110250846A CN113020505A CN 113020505 A CN113020505 A CN 113020505A CN 202110250846 A CN202110250846 A CN 202110250846A CN 113020505 A CN113020505 A CN 113020505A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, which comprises the following steps of: s1, obtaining a conical prefabricated blank with good circumferential mechanical property; s2, performing constraint rolling forming on the heated conical prefabricated blank, limiting the diameter expansion of the conical prefabricated blank by a die sleeve, and limiting the axial length of the conical prefabricated blank by an axial baffle; under the combined action of the sleeve die, the radial roller and the axial baffle, reducing the wall thickness of the conical prefabricated blank, and growing an annular rib from an inner conical surface, and forming an annular flash when the annular rib is completely contacted with the radial roller cavity to obtain a prefabricated part; s3, carrying out solid solution treatment on the die sleeve, the pre-forging piece and the axial baffle integrally; s4, performing constraint rolling forming on the pre-forged piece at room temperature to finally obtain a thin-wall high-thickness rib cone final forged piece; s5, aging treatment; and S6, ejecting the final forging piece from the die sleeve. The invention can realize near-net forming of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder and greatly improve the mechanical property of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a precision plastic forming method of a large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, in particular to a near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder.
Background
In order to improve key performance indexes such as carrying capacity, speed and range, the novel high-end equipment adopts a large number of thin-wall ribbed members in the main structure. The large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder is a key main bearing component of novel high-end equipment and is characterized by thin wall, wide and high rib, large size span and high requirement on consistency of all-directional mechanical properties. The extreme structure increases the manufacturing difficulty of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, and the components are mainly obtained by cutting at present. However, the cutting processing amount is very large, the production efficiency is very low, the material utilization rate is very low, and the cutting processing can not refine crystal grains and cut off a metal streamline, so that the mechanical property of the component is reduced, and the high-performance manufacturing requirement of the thin-wall high-thickness rib cone is difficult to meet. A compact and continuous metal streamline can be formed inside the plastic forming component, and the mechanical property of the plastic forming component can be greatly improved. The patent provides a compound rolling forming method of a large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, which has high production efficiency and high material utilization rate, can realize near-net forming of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, and can refine crystal grains to form a continuous metal streamline, thereby greatly improving the mechanical property of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder. Meanwhile, the composite rolling forming method can realize the accurate control of the circumferential-axial deformation of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, and further realize the accurate control of the circumferential-axial mechanical property of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder. At present, no near-net composite rolling method for controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib cone is reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, and the mechanical performance of the large-scale thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder can be greatly improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of a thin-wall high-thickness rib cone is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a finish forging: arranging annular fins at the ring ribs at the two ends of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, wherein the annular fins are positioned at the outer sides of the top ends of the ring ribs at the two ends of the conical cylinder, the wall thicknesses of the annular fins at the two sides are equal, and adding allowance on the surface of the conical cylinder to obtain a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder final forging;
s2, designing the pre-forging piece: the inner surface of the finish forging is integrally shrunk inwards in the radial direction, the shrinkage is equal to 1% -3% of the thickness of the finish forging skin, the axial height of the annular flash is reduced, and the consistent volume of the preforging piece and the finish forging is ensured;
s3, tapered preform design: the inner surface and the outer surface of the conical preformed blank are conical surfaces, the volume of the conical preformed blank is equal to the volume of the pre-forging piece, the axial height of the conical preformed blank is equal to the axial height of the outer surface of the pre-forging piece, the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the conical preformed blank are equal to the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the pre-forging piece, the outer diameter of the conical preformed blank;
s4, designing a conical section ring blank: the axial height of the ring blank with the conical section is greater than that of the conical prefabricated blank, the inner and outer taper angles of the ring blank with the conical section are equal to those of the conical prefabricated blank, and the outer diameter of the ring blank with the conical section ensures that the ring blank with the conical section has enough circumferential deformation in a rolling and reaming process;
s5, rolling and broaching to form the conical prefabricated blank: the die for forming the conical prefabricated blank comprises a driving roller, a radial roller, two guide rollers and two axial rollers; working surfaces of the driving roller, the radial roller, the guide roller and the axial roller are all conical surfaces, wherein the cone angle of the driving roller, the cone angle of the radial roller and the cone angle of the guide roller are equal to the cone angle of the conical prefabricated blank; heating the ring blank with the conical section designed in the step S4 to a rollable temperature, and preheating a die; putting the heated ring blank with the conical section into a hole pattern formed by a driving roller and a radial roller, attaching a conical guide roller to the outer surface of the ring blank with the conical section, and attaching an axial roller to the upper end face and the lower end face of the ring blank with the conical section; the driving roller actively rotates and drives the conical-section ring blank, the radial roller and the guide roller to rotate, the radial roller actively and radially feeds and extrudes the inner conical surface of the conical-section ring blank, and the axial roller actively rotates and axially feeds and extrudes the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical-section ring blank; under the combined action of the driving roller, the radial roller, the guide roller and the axial roller, the wall thickness of the conical section ring blank is reduced, the overall diameter is enlarged, and the axial height is reduced; when the wall thickness of the ring blank with the tapered section is reduced to the wall thickness of the tapered pre-blank and the axial height of the ring blank is reduced to the axial height of the tapered pre-blank, finishing the rolling and broaching formation to obtain the tapered pre-blank;
s6, restraining rolling and forming the pre-forging piece: the die for forming the pre-forging piece comprises a driving roller, a radial roller, a die sleeve, two guide rollers and two axial baffles; the driving roller and the guide roller are identical in appearance, annular grooves are formed in the middle of the outer surfaces of the driving roller and the guide roller, the annular grooves are cylindrical gears, and the axial height of each annular groove is equal to that of a skin of the pre-forged piece; the radial roller is a special-shaped solid rod, and the surface profile of the radial roller is completely matched with the inner surface of the pre-forging piece; the die sleeve is a circular ring, the outer surface of the die sleeve is a cylindrical gear, the inner surface of the die sleeve is conical, the cone angle is equal to the cone angle of the pre-forging piece, the axial height and the inner diameter are respectively equal to the height and the outer diameter of a skin of the pre-forging piece, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the die sleeve are provided with threaded holes; the inner surface of the axial baffle is used for restraining the ring-shaped flash formed by rolling, the large end surface of the axial baffle is used for limiting the axial outflow of metal, and the outer side of the large end surface is provided with a through hole for positioning; putting the conical preformed blank obtained in the step S5 into a die sleeve cavity, wherein the outer surface of the conical preformed blank is attached to the inner surface of the die sleeve, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical preformed blank are attached to an upper axial baffle and a lower axial baffle, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the die sleeve are both in threaded connection with the axial baffles; integrally heating the die sleeve, the conical prefabricated blank and the axial baffle to the rolling temperature of the conical prefabricated blank, wherein the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the die sleeve is meshed and matched with the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the driving roller and the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the guide roller, and the radial roller is attached to the inner surface of the conical prefabricated blank; the driving roller actively rotates and drives the die sleeve and the conical prefabricated blank to rotate, the guide roller passively rotates and the axis is fixed, and the radial roller passively rotates and actively and radially feeds to extrude the inner conical surface of the conical prefabricated blank; under the combined action of the die sleeve, the radial roller and the axial baffle, the outer diameter of the conical preformed blank is unchanged, the axial height of the conical preformed blank is unchanged, the wall thickness of the conical preformed blank is continuously reduced, and metal flows along the axial direction and fills a cavity of the radial roller to form a ring rib; when the ring rib is completely contacted with the radial roller cavity, the ring rib is formed completely; the radial roller continues to feed in the radial direction, and the metal axially flows out along the inner surface of the axial baffle to form an annular flash; when the wall thickness of the conical prefabricated blank is reduced to the skin thickness of the pre-forging piece, the radial roller stops feeding, the driving roller stops rotating, and the rolling forming is restrained to be finished, so that the pre-forging piece is obtained;
s7, solution treatment of the pre-forged piece: integrally heating the die sleeve, the pre-forging piece and the axial baffle which are subjected to the S6 constraint rolling forming to the pre-forging piece solution temperature and preserving heat for a period of time, and then integrally quenching the die sleeve, the pre-forging piece and the axial baffle to prevent the pre-forging piece from being deformed by solution treatment;
s8, restraining the finish forging formed by rolling: assembling the die sleeve, the preforging piece and the axial baffle plate after the solution treatment of the S7 preforging piece with the driving roller and the guide roller in the S6 at room temperature, wherein the assembling relation and the moving relation of each die are consistent with those in the S6; the radial roller actively feeds in the radial direction to cold extrude the inner conical surface of the pre-forging part, and the metal axially flows out along the inner surface of the axial baffle to form an annular flash; when the thickness of the preforging piece skin is reduced to the thickness of the finish forging piece skin, the radial roller stops feeding, the driving roller stops rotating, and the finish forging piece is obtained after the rolling forming is restrained;
s9, aging treatment of the finish forging: integrally heating the die sleeve, the finish forging and the axial baffle which are subjected to the S8 constraint rolling forming to the aging temperature of the finish forging and preserving heat for a period of time, so that the mechanical property of the finish forging is further improved; and after the finish forging is subjected to aging treatment, the axial baffle is disassembled, and the finish forging is ejected out of the die sleeve.
In the above scheme, in step S6, the diameter of the inner surface of the axial baffle at the small hole end of the die sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the small end rib of the final forging, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle is greater than the axial height of the annular flash of the small end of the final forging; the diameter of the inner surface of the axial baffle plate positioned at the large hole end of the die sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the end forging large end reinforcing bar, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle plate is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle plate is larger than that of the annular flange of the large end of the end forging.
In the above scheme, in step S6, the radial roll working surface includes cylindrical surfaces on both sides and a middle conical surface, the unilateral distance between the small end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the small end ring rib of the finish forging, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the small end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the small end ring rib of the finish forging and the axial height of the annular flash at the small end of the finish forging; the unilateral distance between the large end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the large end rib of the final forging, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the large end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the large end rib of the final forging and the axial height of the annular flange at the large end of the final forging; the cone angle of the conical surface is equal to the cone angle of the skin of the finish forging, and the axial height of the conical surface is equal to the axial height of the skin of the finish forging; the diameter of the large end of the conical surface is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end ring rib of the final forging piece, so that the radial roller can be separated from the die sleeve.
In the above scheme, in the step S6, bosses for preventing the die sleeve from axially moving are provided at both ends of the annular groove.
In the above scheme, in the step S6, the axial baffle is an outer flange ring.
The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the ring blank with the conical section is formed into the conical prefabricated blank by the rolling and reaming technology, and then the conical prefabricated blank is formed into the pre-forging piece and the final forging piece of the thin-wall high-thickness rib cone by the constraint rolling technology, so that the near-net forming of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib cone can be realized, the production efficiency is high, the material utilization rate is high, the crystal grains can be refined, and the continuous metal streamline is formed, thereby greatly improving the mechanical property of the large thin-wall high-thickness rib cone.
2. The invention can control the near net composite rolling method of the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, which can lead the circumferential direction of a conical section ring blank to generate large deformation through the rib expanding rolling forming technology, thereby obtaining a conical prefabricated blank with good circumferential mechanical performance; and then the conical prefabricated blank generates large deformation along the axial direction by a constraint rolling forming technology, and finally a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder final forging piece with good circumferential-axial mechanical property is obtained.
3. The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thick rib conical cylinder can realize the precise control of the circumferential-axial deformation of the large-scale thin-wall high-thick rib conical cylinder, and further realize the precise control of the circumferential-axial mechanical performance of the large-scale thin-wall high-thick rib conical cylinder.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a large thin-walled high-thickness rib cone finish forging;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large thin-walled high-thickness rib cone pre-forging;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tapered preform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a ring blank of conical cross-section;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a ring blank with a tapered cross section being rolled and reamed;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the driving principle of the die sleeve in the stage of forming by constraint rolling;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the core roll dimensions during the constraint rolling forming stage;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tapered preform constraint roll forming;
FIG. 9 shows the finite element simulation results of constrained rolling.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a large thin-walled high-thickness rib cone final forging in an example, which consists of a conical skin and three annular ribs, and the specific dimensions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. Final forging size of large thin-walled high-thickness rib cone in this example
The invention discloses a near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a finish forging: and arranging annular fins at the ring ribs at the two ends of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, wherein the annular fins are positioned at the outer sides of the top ends of the ring ribs at the two ends of the conical cylinder, the wall thicknesses of the annular fins at the two sides are equal, and adding allowance on other surfaces of the conical cylinder to obtain a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder final forging. The wall thickness and the height of the annular flash and the increased allowance are obtained through finite element simulation, and the near-net composite rolling forming of the final forging piece is guaranteed without forming defects. FIG. 9 is a simulation result of a finite element formed by constrained rolling, and it can be seen from the figure that when the added margin is 1mm, the rib part has defects of shrinkage, instability and the like; when the increased allowance is 6mm, the rib part can be stably formed, and the tops of the ring ribs at the two ends form flash.
S2, designing the pre-forging piece: and (3) the whole inner surface of the finish forging is shrunk inwards in the radial direction, the shrinkage is equal to 3% of the thickness of the finish forging skin, the axial height of the annular flash is reduced, and the consistent volume of the preforging piece and the finish forging is ensured. And finally, determining the thicknesses of the skin of the pre-forging piece and the annular flash wall to be 5.15 mm.
S3, tapered preform design: the inner surface and the outer surface of the conical preformed blank are conical surfaces, the volume of the conical preformed blank is equal to the volume of the pre-forging piece, the axial height of the conical preformed blank is equal to the axial height of the outer surface of the pre-forging piece, the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the conical preformed blank are equal to the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the pre-forging piece, the outer diameter of the conical preformed blank.
S4, designing a conical section ring blank: the axial height of the ring blank with the conical section is larger than that of the conical prefabricated blank, the inner and outer cone angles of the ring blank with the conical section are equal to those of the conical prefabricated blank, and the outer diameter of the ring blank with the conical section is determined through calculation, so that the ring blank with the conical section is ensured to have enough circumferential deformation in the rolling and broaching process, and the circumferential mechanical property of a finish forging piece is ensured.
S5, rolling and broaching to form the conical prefabricated blank: as shown in fig. 5, the die for forming the tapered preform 6 comprises a driving roller 1, a radial rolling roller 3, a guide roller (not shown), and axial rolling rollers 4, 5. The working surfaces of the driving roller 1, the radial roller 3, the guide roller and the axial rollers 4 and 5 are all conical surfaces, wherein the cone angle of the driving roller 1, the radial roller 3 and the guide roller is equal to the cone angle of the conical prefabricated blank 6. The ring blank 2 with a tapered cross section designed in step S4 is heated to a rollable temperature and the die is preheated. And putting the heated ring blank 2 with the conical section into a pass formed by a driving roller 1 and a radial roller 3, attaching a conical guide roller to the outer surface of the ring blank 2 with the conical section, and attaching an axial roller 4 and an axial roller 5 to the upper end face and the lower end face of the ring blank 2 with the conical section respectively. The driving roller 1 rotates actively and drives the conical section ring blank 2, the radial roller 3 and the guide roller to rotate, the radial roller 3 actively feeds radially and extrudes the inner conical surface of the conical section ring blank 2, and the axial rollers 4 and 5 actively rotate and axially feed and extrude the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical section ring blank 2. Under the combined action of the driving roller 1, the radial roller 3, the guide roller and the axial rollers 4 and 5, the wall thickness of the ring blank 2 with the conical section is reduced, the diameter is enlarged, and the axial height is reduced. And when the wall thickness of the ring blank 2 with the conical section is reduced to the wall thickness of the conical prefabricated blank 6 and the axial height of the ring blank is reduced to the axial height of the conical prefabricated blank 6, finishing the rolling and broaching formation and obtaining the conical prefabricated blank 6 with good circumferential mechanical property.
S6, restraining rolling and forming the pre-forging piece: the die for forming the pre-forging 15 comprises a driving roller 7, a radial roller 14, a die sleeve 8, guide rollers 9 and 10 and axial baffles 12 and 13. As shown in fig. 6, the driving roller 7 and the guide rollers 9 and 10 have the same shape, the middle parts of the outer surfaces of the driving roller and the guide rollers are provided with annular grooves, the annular grooves are cylindrical gears, the axial height of the annular grooves is equal to the axial height of the skin of the final forging piece 16, and the two ends of the annular grooves are provided with bosses to prevent the die sleeve 8 from axially moving. As shown in fig. 7, the radial rolls 14 are profiled solid bars whose surface profile exactly matches the inner surface of the pre-forge 15. As shown in FIG. 6, the die sleeve 8 is a circular ring, the outer surface of the die sleeve is a cylindrical gear, the inner surface of the die sleeve is a conical gear, the conical angle is equal to that of the pre-forging piece 15, the axial height and the inner diameter are respectively equal to that of the skin of the pre-forging piece 15 and the outer diameter, and threaded holes are formed in the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the die sleeve 8. As shown in fig. 8, the axial baffles 12 and 13 are outer flange rings, the inner surfaces of the outer flange rings are used for restraining ring-shaped flanges formed by rolling, the large end surfaces of the outer flange rings are used for limiting the axial outflow of metal, and through holes for positioning are arranged outside the large end surfaces. The tapered preform 6 obtained in step S5 is placed in the cavity of the die case 8, the outer surface of the preform is fitted to the inner surface of the die case 8, the upper and lower end surfaces of the preform are fitted to the axial baffle 12 and the axial baffle 13, respectively, and the axial baffles 12,13 are connected to the upper and lower end surfaces of the die case 8 by screws 11. The die sleeve 8, the conical prefabricated blank 6 and the axial baffles 12 and 13 are integrally heated to the rolling temperature of the conical prefabricated blank 6, the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the die sleeve 8 is meshed and matched with the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the driving roller 7 and the cylindrical gears on the outer surfaces of the guide rollers 9 and 10, and the radial roller 14 is attached to the inner surface of the conical prefabricated blank 6. The driving roller 7 actively rotates and drives the die sleeve 8 and the conical prefabricated blank 6 to rotate, the guide rollers 9 and 10 are driven to rotate and the axes are fixed, and the radial roller 14 is driven to rotate and actively and radially feeds to extrude the inner conical surface of the conical prefabricated blank 6. Under the combined action of the die sleeve 8, the radial roller 14 and the axial baffles 12 and 13, the outer diameter of the conical prefabricated blank 6 is unchanged, the axial height is unchanged, the wall thickness is continuously reduced, and metal flows along the axial direction and fills the die cavity of the radial roller 14 to form a ring rib. And when the ring rib is completely contacted with the cavity of the radial roller 14, the ring rib is formed. The radial rollers 14 continue to feed radially and the metal flows axially along the inner surfaces of the axial baffles 12 and 13 to form annular flashes. When the wall thickness of the conical prefabricated blank 6 is reduced to the skin thickness of the pre-forging piece 15, the radial roller 14 stops feeding, the driving roller 7 stops rotating, the rolling forming is restrained, and the pre-forging piece 15 with good circumferential-axial mechanical property is obtained.
S7, solution treatment of the pre-forged piece: the die sleeve 8, the pre-forging piece 15 and the axial baffles 12 and 13 which are subjected to the S6 constraint rolling forming are integrally heated to the solution temperature of the pre-forging piece 15 and are kept warm for a period of time, and then the pre-forging piece 15 is integrally quenched to prevent the deformation of the pre-forging piece 15 due to solution treatment.
S8, restraining the finish forging formed by rolling: the die sleeve 8, the preforging 15 and the axial direction stoppers 12,13 after the solution treatment of the preforging 15 of S7 are assembled with the driving rollers 7 and the guide rollers 9,10 of S6 at room temperature, and the assembling relationship and the moving relationship of each die are the same as those of S6. The radial roller 14 actively feeds the inner conical surface of the cold extrusion pre-forging piece 15 in the radial direction, and the metal axially flows out along the inner surfaces of the axial baffles 12 and 13 to form annular fins. And when the thickness of the skin of the preforging piece 15 is reduced to the thickness of the skin of the finish forging piece 16, the radial roller 14 stops feeding, the driving roller 7 stops rotating, and the finish forging piece 16 with good circumferential-axial mechanical property is obtained after the rolling forming is restrained.
S9, aging treatment of the finish forging: and integrally heating the die sleeve 8, the finish forging 16 and the axial baffles 12 and 13 subjected to the S8 constraint rolling forming to the aging temperature of the finish forging 16 and preserving the heat for a period of time, so that the mechanical property of the finish forging 16 is further improved. After the final forging 16 is aged, the axial baffles 12 and 13 are disassembled, and the final forging 16 is ejected out of the die sleeve 8.
As shown in FIG. 8, the diameter of the inner surface of the axial baffle 12 at the small hole end of the die sleeve 8 is equal to the inner diameter of the small end rib of the finish forging piece 16, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle 12 is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve 8, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle is larger than that of the annular flash at the small end of the finish forging piece 16. The diameter of the inner surface of the axial baffle 13 positioned at the large hole end of the die sleeve 8 is equal to the inner diameter of the large end reinforcing bar of the finish forging piece 16, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle 13 is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve 8, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle is larger than that of the annular flash of the large end of the finish forging piece 16. As shown in fig. 7, the working surface of the radial roller 14 is composed of 3 parts, two sides of the working surface are cylindrical surfaces, the middle part is a conical surface, the single-side distance between the small end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the small end rib of the final forging piece 16, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the small end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the small end rib of the final forging piece 16 and the axial height of the annular flash at the small end of the final forging; the unilateral distance between the large end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the large end rib of the final forging piece 16, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the large end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the large end rib of the final forging piece 16 and the axial height of the annular flange at the large end of the final forging piece 16; the cone angle of the conical surface is equal to the cone angle of the skin of the final forging piece 16, and the axial height of the conical surface is equal to the axial height of the skin of the final forging piece 16; the diameter of the large end of the conical surface is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end ring rib of the finish forging piece 16, so that the radial roller can be separated from the die sleeve. Finally, the dimensions of the radial rolling rolls 14 of the present example were obtained as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 radial roll dimensions for constraint roll forming in this example
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of a thin-wall high-thickness rib cone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing a finish forging: arranging annular fins at the ring ribs at the two ends of the thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder, wherein the annular fins are positioned at the outer sides of the top ends of the ring ribs at the two ends of the conical cylinder, the wall thicknesses of the annular fins at the two sides are equal, and adding allowance on the surface of the conical cylinder to obtain a thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder final forging;
s2, designing the pre-forging piece: the inner surface of the finish forging is integrally shrunk inwards in the radial direction, the shrinkage is equal to 1% -3% of the thickness of the finish forging skin, the axial height of the annular flash is reduced, and the consistent volume of the preforging piece and the finish forging is ensured;
s3, tapered preform design: the inner surface and the outer surface of the conical preformed blank are conical surfaces, the volume of the conical preformed blank is equal to the volume of the pre-forging piece, the axial height of the conical preformed blank is equal to the axial height of the outer surface of the pre-forging piece, the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the conical preformed blank are equal to the taper angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the pre-forging piece, the outer diameter of the conical preformed blank;
s4, designing a conical section ring blank: the axial height of the ring blank with the conical section is greater than that of the conical prefabricated blank, the inner and outer taper angles of the ring blank with the conical section are equal to those of the conical prefabricated blank, and the outer diameter of the ring blank with the conical section ensures that the ring blank with the conical section has enough circumferential deformation in a rolling and reaming process;
s5, rolling and broaching to form the conical prefabricated blank: the die for forming the conical prefabricated blank comprises a driving roller, a radial roller, two guide rollers and two axial rollers; working surfaces of the driving roller, the radial roller, the guide roller and the axial roller are all conical surfaces, wherein the cone angle of the driving roller, the cone angle of the radial roller and the cone angle of the guide roller are equal to the cone angle of the conical prefabricated blank; heating the ring blank with the conical section designed in the step S4 to a rollable temperature, and preheating a die; putting the heated ring blank with the conical section into a hole pattern formed by a driving roller and a radial roller, attaching a conical guide roller to the outer surface of the ring blank with the conical section, and attaching an axial roller to the upper end face and the lower end face of the ring blank with the conical section; the driving roller actively rotates and drives the conical-section ring blank, the radial roller and the guide roller to rotate, the radial roller actively and radially feeds and extrudes the inner conical surface of the conical-section ring blank, and the axial roller actively rotates and axially feeds and extrudes the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical-section ring blank; under the combined action of the driving roller, the radial roller, the guide roller and the axial roller, the wall thickness of the conical section ring blank is reduced, the overall diameter is enlarged, and the axial height is reduced; when the wall thickness of the ring blank with the tapered section is reduced to the wall thickness of the tapered pre-blank and the axial height of the ring blank is reduced to the axial height of the tapered pre-blank, finishing the rolling and broaching formation to obtain the tapered pre-blank;
s6, restraining rolling and forming the pre-forging piece: the die for forming the pre-forging piece comprises a driving roller, a radial roller, a die sleeve, two guide rollers and two axial baffles; the driving roller and the guide roller are identical in appearance, annular grooves are formed in the middle of the outer surfaces of the driving roller and the guide roller, the annular grooves are cylindrical gears, and the axial height of each annular groove is equal to that of a skin of the pre-forged piece; the radial roller is a special-shaped solid rod, and the surface profile of the radial roller is completely matched with the inner surface of the pre-forging piece; the die sleeve is a circular ring, the outer surface of the die sleeve is a cylindrical gear, the inner surface of the die sleeve is conical, the cone angle is equal to the cone angle of the pre-forging piece, the axial height and the inner diameter are respectively equal to the height and the outer diameter of a skin of the pre-forging piece, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the die sleeve are provided with threaded holes; the inner surface of the axial baffle is used for restraining the ring-shaped flash formed by rolling, the large end surface of the axial baffle is used for limiting the axial outflow of metal, and the outer side of the large end surface is provided with a through hole for positioning; putting the conical preformed blank obtained in the step S5 into a die sleeve cavity, wherein the outer surface of the conical preformed blank is attached to the inner surface of the die sleeve, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical preformed blank are attached to an upper axial baffle and a lower axial baffle, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the die sleeve are both in threaded connection with the axial baffles; integrally heating the die sleeve, the conical prefabricated blank and the axial baffle to the rolling temperature of the conical prefabricated blank, wherein the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the die sleeve is meshed and matched with the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the driving roller and the cylindrical gear on the outer surface of the guide roller, and the radial roller is attached to the inner surface of the conical prefabricated blank; the driving roller actively rotates and drives the die sleeve and the conical prefabricated blank to rotate, the guide roller passively rotates and the axis is fixed, and the radial roller passively rotates and actively and radially feeds to extrude the inner conical surface of the conical prefabricated blank; under the combined action of the die sleeve, the radial roller and the axial baffle, the outer diameter of the conical preformed blank is unchanged, the axial height of the conical preformed blank is unchanged, the wall thickness of the conical preformed blank is continuously reduced, and metal flows along the axial direction and fills a cavity of the radial roller to form a ring rib; when the ring rib is completely contacted with the radial roller cavity, the ring rib is formed completely; the radial roller continues to feed in the radial direction, and the metal axially flows out along the inner surface of the axial baffle to form an annular flash; when the wall thickness of the conical prefabricated blank is reduced to the skin thickness of the pre-forging piece, the radial roller stops feeding, the driving roller stops rotating, and the rolling forming is restrained to be finished, so that the pre-forging piece is obtained;
s7, solution treatment of the pre-forged piece: integrally heating the die sleeve, the pre-forging piece and the axial baffle which are subjected to the S6 constraint rolling forming to the pre-forging piece solution temperature and preserving heat for a period of time, and then integrally quenching the die sleeve, the pre-forging piece and the axial baffle to prevent the pre-forging piece from being deformed by solution treatment;
s8, restraining the finish forging formed by rolling: assembling the die sleeve, the preforging piece and the axial baffle plate after the solution treatment of the S7 preforging piece with the driving roller and the guide roller in the S6 at room temperature, wherein the assembling relation and the moving relation of each die are consistent with those in the S6; the radial roller actively feeds in the radial direction to cold extrude the inner conical surface of the pre-forging part, and the metal axially flows out along the inner surface of the axial baffle to form an annular flash; when the thickness of the preforging piece skin is reduced to the thickness of the finish forging piece skin, the radial roller stops feeding, the driving roller stops rotating, and the finish forging piece is obtained after the rolling forming is restrained;
s9, aging treatment of the finish forging: integrally heating the die sleeve, the finish forging and the axial baffle which are subjected to the S8 constraint rolling forming to the aging temperature of the finish forging and preserving heat for a period of time, so that the mechanical property of the finish forging is further improved; and after the finish forging is subjected to aging treatment, the axial baffle is disassembled, and the finish forging is ejected out of the die sleeve.
2. The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib cone cylinder is characterized in that in the step S6, the diameter of the inner surface of an axial baffle plate at the small hole end of a die sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of a small end ring rib of a final forging piece, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle plate is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle plate is larger than the axial height of a small end ring-shaped flash of the final forging piece; the diameter of the inner surface of the axial baffle plate positioned at the large hole end of the die sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the end forging large end reinforcing bar, the outer diameter of the large end of the axial baffle plate is smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the die sleeve, and the axial height of the small end of the axial baffle plate is larger than that of the annular flange of the large end of the end forging.
3. The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-wall high-thickness rib cone cylinder is characterized in that in the step S6, the radial roller working surface comprises cylindrical surfaces at two sides and a middle conical surface, the unilateral distance between the small end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the small end rib of the final forging piece, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the small end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the small end rib of the final forging piece and the axial height of the annular flange at the small end of the final forging piece; the unilateral distance between the large end of the conical surface and the adjacent cylindrical surface is equal to the height of the large end rib of the final forging, and the axial height of the cylindrical surface at the large end of the conical surface is greater than the sum of the axial height of the large end rib of the final forging and the axial height of the annular flange at the large end of the final forging; the cone angle of the conical surface is equal to the cone angle of the skin of the finish forging, and the axial height of the conical surface is equal to the axial height of the skin of the finish forging; the diameter of the large end of the conical surface is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end ring rib of the final forging piece, so that the radial roller can be separated from the die sleeve.
4. The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-walled high-thickness ribbed conical cylinder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, bosses for preventing the axial movement of the die sleeve are arranged at two ends of the annular groove.
5. The near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling the circumferential-axial performance of the thin-walled high-thickness ribbed conical cylinder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the axial baffle is an outer flange ring.
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