CN113015496A - 用于颅内手术的烧灼工具 - Google Patents

用于颅内手术的烧灼工具 Download PDF

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CN113015496A
CN113015496A CN201980074205.5A CN201980074205A CN113015496A CN 113015496 A CN113015496 A CN 113015496A CN 201980074205 A CN201980074205 A CN 201980074205A CN 113015496 A CN113015496 A CN 113015496A
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probe
distal end
electrode
energy
cauterization
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R·冢岛
P·G·戴维斯
M·S·莱克
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Rebound Therapeutics Corp
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Abstract

一种治疗脑部和身体其他组织中的血肿的工具,特别适于通过套管使用。该工具可以包括用于密封脑中血管的灼热探针、用于破坏血肿的浸渍结构、以及用于从身体去除浸渍血肿的碎片的抽吸特征。

Description

用于颅内手术的烧灼工具
技术领域
下文描述的发明所涉及的领域是在微创脑外科手术期间的血管烧灼。
背景技术
中风是死亡和致残的神经功能障碍的常见原因。在美国,每年大约有700,000名患者患有中风。出血性中风占年中风人口的20%。出血性中风是由于脑内血管破裂导致出血进入脑部组织且引起脑内血肿(血块)而造成的。为了限制或防止长期脑损伤,必须迅速去除血块。
可以使用各种工具来从脑部去除血块且限制脑内出血。长而细的探针被用于治疗脑内血肿,该探针的特征提供脑内凝块的浸渍和破坏、脑部组织(血液和块状的浸渍凝块)的抽吸、以及脑内出血血管的烧灼。该工具通常通过穿过颅骨的套管插入脑部。单独的探针可以用于浸渍、抽吸、以及烧灼,或单个工具可以包括可用于多种治疗的特征。
如下文所述,可以从各个方面改进当前正在使用的工具。
发明内容
下文描述的设备和方法提供了对脑部以及整个身体中其他组织中的血块的改善治疗。该设备提供了脑内血管的安全烧灼,该脑内血管诸如是在用于从脑部去除血块的微创手术期间可能出血的血管。该设备包括:适于通过套管插入脑部的细长探针,其中,该设备的远侧末梢上的电极用于施加烧灼能量,以烧灼脑内血管;和控制系统,其能够操作以在施加烧灼能量之前或期间测试电极之间的连续性。该控制系统还能够操作以防止或中止烧灼能量的施加,只要连续性测试提供连续性的量度,而该连续性的量度不相符于电极在将被施加RF以烧灼血管的脑部区域内的良好电接触性。
该设备还可以包括设置在探针的远侧末梢上的压力传感器,该压力传感器能够操作以感测由探针施加到脑内组织的压力,且产生与由探针施加到脑内组织的压力相对应的信号。然后,控制系统能够操作以在施加烧灼能量之前或期间接收该信号,且还能够操作以防止或中止烧灼能量的施加,只要该信号指示压力,而该压力不相符于电极与将被施加烧灼能量以烧灼血管的脑部区域的良好物理或电接触性。
具有或不具有阻抗和/或压力感测特征的RF烧灼探针还可以配置为提供用于从手术空间抽吸组织的吸入力,且可以通过将电极放置成与探针的管壁上的侧向窗口周向对准来进行修正。在管的与侧向窗口相同的侧部上将电极放置在管的外侧壁上,可以允许同时观察将被烧灼的血管、抽吸窗口、以及电极,特别是在手术空间被插入套管时。
具有或不具有RF烧灼电极的探针可以包括浸渍结构,该浸渍结构适于以破坏凝块或患病组织的改善性能来破坏脑内血凝块。
附图说明
图1示出了用于患者脑部的RF烧灼探针。
图2示出了具有传感器的替代配置的用于患者脑部的RF烧灼探针。
图3示出了具有RF电极的替代配置的用于患者脑部的RF烧灼探针。
图4至7和图8示出了新的用于探针的浸渍和抽吸操作的浸渍结构。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了在使用环境中显示的烧灼探针1,该烧灼探针1包括具有远端2d的管2,该远端2d配置为通过患者的颅骨中的手术形成的开口(钻孔、或颅骨切开术或颅骨切除术开口3)插入脑部。烧灼探针旨在用于治疗脑部4中的渗漏血管,诸如可能与血块6相关联的血管5。探针的近端2p配置用于附接至电源和控制系统7。电源能够操作以通过电极8向电极周围的组织供应烧灼能量,优选RF能量。一对电极8设置在探针的远端上,与电源和控制系统电连接,且这些电极可用于将来自控制系统的RF能量通过电极传输到脑内结构,诸如出血血管。电极还能够操作以结合电导率计或阻抗计9来测量电极之间通过与电极接触的组织的连续性,从而提供指示设置在电极之间的组织的电导率或阻抗的信号(电导率计可以与控制系统成一体或分离)。电极优选地设置在探针的远侧末梢的面向远侧的表面上。探针还可包括压力传感器10,该压力传感器10邻近电极地设置在探针的远侧末梢上,以结合控制单元11(也称为信号调节器11)地检测由探针施加到周围组织的压力的大小,且提供指示周围组织施加到传感器的压力的信号(控制单元可以与控制系统成一体或分离)。压力传感器(如果提供的话)相对于电极设置,以使得该压力传感器可以在电极的紧邻附近感测由探针施加的压力,从而可以将来自压力传感器的足够高的压力读数用作电极与靶组织(诸如,血管)的足够高的压力接触的代表。各种配置都可能是有效的。图1示出了设置在电极下方的压力传感器10,该压力传感器10被夹在探针的远侧末梢的面向远侧的表面上的电极8之间。图2示出了压力传感器10,该压力传感器10被设置在探针的远侧末梢的面向远侧的表面上的电极8之间。也可以采用其他配置,以获得连续性传感器和压力传感器的益处。例如,电极可以设置在探针的外柱形侧壁上,并且压力传感器可以被周向设置在电极之间。
尽管优选RF(射频)烧灼,但是电极和控制系统可以用来提供直流(DC)或热量作为烧灼能量(在热烧灼的情况下,电极或单独的加热元件可以是高电阻的)。
探针可以与提取脑内血块的其他探针结合使用,提取脑内血块通常必须结合烧灼渗漏的血管来完成。这些功能可以替代地在单个探针中提供。例如,探针可以包括其他特征以执行其他功能,诸如浸渍和抽吸血块。例如,探针可以包括与真空源13和废料收集器流体连通的吸入端口12。探针还可以包括与流体源15流体连通的流体供应端口14(以及如果需要的话还可以包括泵,该泵将流体泵送通过端口和管且进入血块部位)。探针可以设有在杆17上的浸渍结构搅拌器16和可操作地连接到杆的电动机18。侧向窗口19位于管的远端2d附近的侧壁上,以用于施加对血块6的吸入力、提供浸渍物搅拌器16和血块之间的接触、以及从流体源15到血块和周围区域的流体输送。可以提供相关联的显示器20以呈现关于由探针传感器感测到的连续性或压力的视觉信息、以及附加特征的参数。为了便于操作,可以将柄部固定至近端。搅拌器/搅动器旋转、施加吸入力、注射液体、施加烧灼能量、超声或加热的各种功能可以通过在柄部上、相应的执行器设备上、控制箱以及电源上的开关或按钮、或相关联的脚踏开关进行控制。
在使用中,外科医生将通过手术开口将探针插入脑部。优选地,探针将包括抽吸和/或浸渍特征,外科医生可使用该抽吸和/或浸渍特征提取血块。如果外科医生遇到出血血管,外科医生将把探针的末梢压在血管上,并且启动电源和控制系统,以向电极提供RF能量(或其他烧灼能量)。在向控制系统提供操作输入以开始向电极供应RF功率时,控制系统将进行以下操作:
使用控制系统或电源内的电导率或阻抗测试装置,诸如电导率计(感应式或电位式)、惠斯通电桥(替代地,可以用欧姆表测量电阻),来测试在两个电极之间通过电极周围的空间的电导率、连续性或电阻,以测试与血管相符合、以及优选地与仅接触于血液(凝结的或未凝结的)或脑组织(灰质、白质)不相符合的组织的存在;以及
操作以响应于由用于测试的装置测量的电导率、连续性或电阻的等级来控制通过第一和第二RF电极施加的RF能量,并且在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率、连续性或电阻指示与适当组织的良好接触时,响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加RF能量。对于电导率而言,在检测到电导率在0.02至0.3S/m的范围内时,该系统将响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加RF能量,并且在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为0.3S/m的情况下,防止或中止施加RF能量。
根据这些参数操作烧灼探针将有助于确保在探针末梢位于血块内时(典型电导率约为0.4至0.7S/m)不会向电极施加RF能量;以及可以更肯定地将RF能量施加至在其中非常小的血管正在出血的脑组织(典型电导率约为0.03至0.03S/m)。
控制系统还可以配置为响应于来自压力传感器的压力信号来控制该系统。如果在探针的远侧末梢上包括压力传感器,则控制系统还可以起到以下作用:
控制压力传感器和/或控制单元的操作,以向控制系统提供与由于接触于身体组织而抵抗于探针的压力相对应的信号,并接收这些信号;以及
操作RF电源,以在由压力传感器确定的压力被测量为在2.3至7N/cm2(23kPa至70kPa)的范围内时响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加RF能量,并且在由用于测试的装置确定的阻力被测量为小于约2.3N/cm2的情况下,防止或中止施加RF能量。
根据这些参数操作烧灼探针将有助于确保在探针末梢位于对探针末梢几乎没有阻力的血块内时,RF能量不会施加到电极,并且RF能量将更肯定地被施加到坚固的脑组织,在该脑组织中,很小的血管正在出血,这在探针的远侧末梢上赋予了显着更高的阻力和背压。
控制系统还可配置为响应于压力信号或电导率、连续性或电阻或两者来控制系统。控制系统优选地配置为测试电接触性和物理接触性两者,并且仅当来自电导率或阻抗测试装置的信号指示与旨在将被施加RF以烧灼出血血管的脑部区域的良好电接触性并且来自压力传感器的信号指示与旨在将被施加RF以烧灼出血血管的脑部区域的良好物理接触性时,才通过电极施加RF。
可以在没有上述自动操作的情况下使用探针,同时当连续性和压力信号指示与预期靶组织的良好电接触性和物理接触性时,仍获得通过电极向组织施加RF能量的优点。控制系统可以配置为从电极和连续性计接收指示连续性的信号,并且从压力传感器和控制单元接收指示压力传感器上的压力的信号,并且将该信息提供给外科医生可见的显示器,而无需如上文所述也配置为自动防止施加RF能量,并且外科医生可以使用传感器和显示的信息来确定探针是否位于外科医生预期烧灼的组织中。控制系统还可以配置为在第一模式和第二模式下操作,在第一模式下,该控制系统如上所述操作以防止施加RF能量;在第二种模式下,该控制系统如本段所述向外科医生提供信息,以允许无论被感测到的连续性和压力如何,外科医生都施加RF。
探针可用于其他手术程序中,诸如脊柱的微创或开放手术中的、或普通手术中的组织切割和消融。
图3示出了用于患者脑部的具有RF电极的替代配置的RF烧灼探针。在该实施方式中,烧灼探针类似于图1和图2中所示的探针,并且包括具有远端2d的管2,该远端2d配置用于通过患者颅骨中的外科手术开口3插入脑部,示出的仍是定位于治疗可能与血块6相关联的诸如血管5的渗漏血管。电源和控制系统7能够操作以通过电极21向电极周围的组织提供烧灼能量,优选为RF能量。一对电极21还电连接到电源和控制系统,并且能够操作以将来自控制系统的RF能量通过电极传输到脑内结构。这些电极设置在探针的外侧壁上,在探针的远侧末梢处,靠近于吸入端口19、而不是探针的远侧末梢的面向远侧的表面。电极与吸入端口设置在探针的同一侧,正好位于吸入端口的远侧(沿管2的周边与吸入端口12径向对准)。通过这种结构,外科医生将能够直接或通过摄像头和显示器进行观察,且摄像头和显示器配置为同时获取靶组织、吸入端口、直接在吸入端口外部的任何患病组织、以及电极的视频图像。这可有助于将烧灼能量施加到适当结构,同时清理视野和紧邻电极的区域中的任何血液或碎屑,以便可以清楚地看到这些结构以及电极与那些结构的接触。
可以在与压力传感器特征结合或不与压力传感器特征结合的设备中实现前向电极布置的特征。该探针可用于需要烧灼的其他外科手术程序中,包括脊柱的微创或开放手术或普通手术中。
图4至7示出了抽吸/浸渍工具,其具有用于探针的浸渍和抽吸操作的新的浸渍搅动件。图1的探针和相关联的系统部件可以在该实施方式中使用,包括电极以及流体源和真空源。在该实施方式中的浸渍结构31包括刀片32,该刀片32从中心径向突出并具有基本平坦的布置,其中一个刀片在浸渍器杆17的远端的任一侧上且还可以包括中心孔33。在管内设置有浸渍结构,使得刀片与窗口19纵向对准,从而在窗口压靠在血块6上而刀片旋转时,刀片将破坏并浸渍血块。所示的平坦刀片组织破坏器具有最大径向宽度,该最大径向宽度紧密匹配于内管的内径。破坏结构可以具有外部轮廓34,该外部轮廓34包括多个径向突出部35(沿着半径从中心向外突出)或相应的凹口36。浸渍结构的每个刀片的宽度在突出部的水平处(或者相反,除了凹口的水平)紧密匹配于管的内径,以使得当孔在血块中捣动时,浸渍结构的旋转可能会刮擦、剪切和/或切断来自血块的组织且使其进入管腔。在所示的实施方式中,在所述两个刀片32共面的情况下,这导致了浸渍结构的最大宽度在窗口的区域处与管的内径紧密匹配。破坏结构还可以具有如图8所示的笔直的外边缘37,而没有突出部和凹口,在这种情况下,浸渍结构的沿着浸渍结构的长度的总半径与管的内径紧密匹配。如图所示,浸渍结构仅包括两个刀片,该两个刀片均位于同一平面上,但是浸渍结构可包括围绕杆17的端部分散的三个或更多个刀片。浸渍结构可包括向远侧延伸的突出部38,该突出部38适配到在管的远侧末梢的内部中的相应插槽39中,以提供支撑表面,从而在旋转期间稳定浸渍结构。
一个或多个弧形突出部40可以设置在杆17上,相对于浸渍结构31位于近端且位于管2内。这些突出部操作以进一步分解吸入管中的任何纤维组织,以避免管的阻塞。
可以通过电动机18旋转浸渍器刀片,并且可以在旋转浸渍器结构的同时操作真空源,以将由浸渍器分离的任何组织抽吸到管中并通过管。
矩形浸渍器结构的特征可以在结合于压力传感器特征、或前向电极特征的设备中实现、或可以在没有这些特征中的任一个的设备中实现。该探针可用于其他外科手术程序中,诸如脊柱的微创或开放手术中或一般手术中的组织切割和消融术。
尽管已经参照设备和方法的开发环境描述了设备和方法的优选实施方式,但是它们仅是本发明原理的说明。可以将各种实施方式的要素结合到每个其他种类中以获得与这些其他种类结合的那些要素的益处,并且各种有益特征可以在实施方式中单独使用或彼此结合使用。在不脱离本发明的精神和所附权利要求的范围的情况下,可以设计其他实施方式和配置。

Claims (12)

1.一种烧灼设备,包括:
具有远端和近端的细长探针,所述远端配置用于插入患者中的手术空间;
靠近于探针的远端设置的第一电极和第二电极;
用于测试的装置,其用于测试在第一电极和第二电极之间通过身体组织的电导率;以及
控制系统,其能够操作以响应于由用于测试的装置测量的电连续性来控制通过第一电极和第二电极施加的烧灼能量,所述控制系统还能够操作以在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为在0.02至0.3S/m的范围内时响应于操作者输入来选择性地施加烧灼能量,且在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为大于0.3S/m的情况下防止或中止施加烧灼能量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括:
在探针的近端上设置的压力传感器,所述压力传感器能够操作以向所述控制系统提供与由于接触于身体组织而抵抗于探针的压力相对应的信号;其中
所述控制系统还能够操作以在权利要求1所述的情况下、并且在由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为在2.3至7N/cm2(23kPa至70kPa)的范围内时响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加烧灼能量,且在由用于测试的装置确定的阻力被测量为小于约2.3N/cm2的情况下防止或中止施加烧灼能量。
3.一种向患者体内的靶组织施加烧灼能量的方法,所述方法包括:
提供烧灼系统,其包括:
具有远端和近端的细长探针,所述远端配置用于插入患者中的手术空间;
靠近于探针的远端设置的第一电极和第二电极;
用于测试的装置,其用于测试在第一电极和第二电极之间通过身体组织的电导率;
在探针的近端上设置的压力传感器,所述压力传感器能够操作以向控制系统提供与由于接触于身体组织而抵抗于探针的压力相对应的信号;以及
控制系统,其能够操作以响应于操作员输入来控制通过第一电极和第二电极施加的烧灼能量;
将探针的远端插入患者体内并接触于靶组织;
在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为在0.02至0.3S/m的范围内时向靶组织施加烧灼能量,且在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为大于0.3S/m的情况下避免或中止施加烧灼能量;以及
在由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为在2.3至7N/cm2(23kPa至70kPa)的范围内时向靶组织施加烧灼能量,且在由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为小于约2.3N/cm2的情况下避免或中止施加烧灼能量。
4.一种向患者体内的靶组织施加烧灼能量的方法,所述方法包括:
提供烧灼系统,其包括:
具有远端和近端的细长探针,所述远端配置用于插入患者中的手术空间;
靠近于探针的远端设置的第一电极和第二电极;
用于测试的装置,其用于测试在第一电极和第二电极之间通过身体组织的电导率;
在探针的近端上设置的压力传感器,所述压力传感器能够操作以向控制系统提供与由于接触于身体组织的而抵抗于探针的压力相对应的信号;以及
控制系统,其能够操作以响应于由用于测试的装置测量的电导率来控制通过第一电极和第二电极施加的烧灼能量,所述控制系统还能够操作以在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为在0.02至0.3S/m的范围内时响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加烧灼能量,且在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为大于0.3S/m的情况下防止或中止施加烧灼能量;
所述控制系统还能够操作以在由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为在2.3至7N/cm2(23kPa至70kPa)的范围内时响应于操作员输入来选择性地施加烧灼能量,且在由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为小于约2.3N/cm2的情况下防止或中止施加烧灼能量;
将探针的远端插入患者体内并接触于靶组织;以及
向所述控制系统提供输入以向目标系统施加烧灼能量,同时操作所述控制系统以在由用于测试的装置确定的电导率被测量为大于0.3S/m或由压力传感器确定的在探针的远端上的压力被测量为小于约2.3N/cm2的情况下防止施加烧灼能量。
5.一种烧灼设备,包括:
具有远端和近端的细长探针,所述远端配置用于插入患者中的手术空间;
靠近于探针的远端设置的第一电极和第二电极;
电源,其能够操作以通过电极向电极周围的组织供应烧灼能量,优选为RF能量;
在探针的远端中的吸入端口,所述吸入端口与真空源流体连通;其中,
电极设置在探针的与吸入端口的同一侧、在吸入端口的远侧、且沿管的周边与吸入端口径向对准。
6.一种用于去除身体组织的设备,所述设备包括:
具有远端和近端的细长探针,所述远端配置用于插入患者中的手术空间;
在探针的远端中的侧向孔;
浸渍组件,其包括:杆,所述杆具有近端和远端且建立浸渍组件的纵向中心线;以及浸渍结构,所述浸渍结构设置在所述杆的远端处,其中,所述浸渍结构组件设置在探针内且在探针内可旋转、以及能够操作以破坏靠近于吸入端口的身体组织,其中,所述浸渍结构包括从纵向中心线径向向外延伸的第一平坦刀片,所述刀片具有与探针的内径相对应的宽度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中,探针具有从探针的近端延伸至侧向孔的腔体,以及通过所述腔体与侧向孔流体连通的真空源。
8.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中,浸渍结构还包括第二平坦刀片,所述第二平坦刀片设置在所述杆的远端上且与第一平坦刀片共面、并且还具有与探针的内径相对应的宽度,使得浸渍结构具有与探针的内径相对应的宽度。
9.根据权利要求6、7或8所述的设备,其中,探针还包括在探针的远端处位于探针内部的插槽,并且浸渍结构还包括延伸到插槽中的向远侧延伸的突出部。
10.根据权利要求6、7或8所述的设备,其中,浸渍结构包括在刀片的外边缘中的一个或多个凹口。
11.根据权利要求6、7或8所述的设备,其中,浸渍结构的刀片包括笔直的径向外边缘。
12.根据权利要求6、7或8所述的设备,还包括靠近于浸渍结构设置在所述杆上的径向延伸的突出部。
CN201980074205.5A 2018-10-11 2019-10-04 用于颅内手术的烧灼工具 Pending CN113015496A (zh)

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