CN113013597A - Columnar broadband liquid antenna - Google Patents
Columnar broadband liquid antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113013597A CN113013597A CN202110241766.9A CN202110241766A CN113013597A CN 113013597 A CN113013597 A CN 113013597A CN 202110241766 A CN202110241766 A CN 202110241766A CN 113013597 A CN113013597 A CN 113013597A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a columnar broadband liquid antenna, which mainly solves the problems of narrow frequency band, unstable work and complex structure of the conventional liquid antenna. The device comprises a medium substrate (1), a medium shell (2) positioned on the upper part of the medium substrate, conductive liquid (3) injected into the medium shell, a sealing plug (4) positioned on the liquid level of the conductive liquid, a feed structure (5) embedded in the medium substrate, a circular conductor plate (6) positioned below the medium substrate and a coaxial connector (7) positioned below the circular conductor plate; two grooves (11, 12) and two transverse and longitudinal circular through holes (13, 14) are carved on two sides of the circle center of the upper surface of the medium substrate; the medium shell consists of two identical hollow round pipes (21, 22) which are respectively arranged in the two circular grooves and are communicated through a transverse through hole; the feed structure is arranged in the longitudinal circular through hole. The invention has simple structure, wide frequency band, stable impedance change and high stability, and can be used for a wireless communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a liquid antenna which can be used for wireless communication equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the antenna is more and more widely applied in people's daily life, and meanwhile, the traditional metal antenna has many defects, and the design of the antenna with unique performance by using liquid materials has become a popular research direction. Compared with the traditional hard metal antenna, the antenna is designed by using the strong electrolyte solution, seawater and other common liquids in the nature, and has the advantages of low cost, environmental protection, corrosion resistance, easy acquisition, attack resistance, easy stealth and the like. The liquid mobility characteristic is also beneficial to designing the reconfigurable antenna, the number of the antennas can be reduced in the scene of dense antennas, and the electromagnetic interference is reduced. In addition, seawater has a high dielectric constant, and a miniaturized antenna can be designed.
The mitsubishi electric corporation 2016 shows a spray water antenna named "seamaterial", which uses a high-pressure water pump to spray seawater into the air to form a stable water column, utilizes the conductivity of the seawater to transmit and receive space electromagnetic wave signals, can be used for marine short-wave and ultrashort-wave communication, can successfully perform digital television signal rebroadcasting experiments, and has the antenna efficiency as high as 70%. However, the water-jet antenna has the problems of narrow frequency band, large volume, large power consumption and easy influence of sea wind and waves.
Gaoshen Li and Gui Gao et al designed a flexible adjustable liquid helical antenna based on the helical antenna theory in 2017, and surrounded a hollow plastic hose on a transparent rigid pipe, and saline with the salinity of 3.5% was injected into the plastic hose to form a radiation structure, and a bottom metal probe extended into the hose feeds the helical liquid antenna, and a microstrip board was used as a metal ground. The resonance frequency of the antenna can be changed by changing the screw pitches of the feed probe and the plastic hose, the ratio of the screw pitch to the wavelength of the plastic hose is changed, a directional diagram can be reconstructed, and the frequency band reconstruction of the antenna is realized by adjusting the water quantity in the hose by using the injector. The frequency and the directional diagram of the liquid antenna can be reconstructed, but the frequency band is narrow, the reconstruction mode is complex, and the conductive liquid in the injector can influence the performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna to widen the bandwidth of the antenna, expand the operating frequency range of the antenna, and improve the operating stability of the antenna under severe conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the columnar broadband liquid antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric housing 2, a conductive liquid 3, a sealing plug 4, a feed structure 5, a circular conductor plate 6 and a coaxial connector 7; the medium shell 2 is positioned at the upper part of the medium substrate 1, is filled with conductive liquid 3 and is provided with a sealing plug 4; the feed structure 5 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 1; the dielectric substrate 1, the circular conductor plate 6 and the coaxial connector 7 are fixed from top to bottom, and the coaxial connector is characterized in that;
the medium substrate 1 is of a cylindrical structure, two identical circular grooves 11 and 12 are formed in the two sides of the circle center of the upper surface of the medium substrate at equal intervals along the direction of a Z negative half shaft, a transverse circular through hole 13 is formed right below the circle center of the upper surface of the medium substrate along the direction of a Y shaft, and the transverse circular through hole 13 is used for communicating the first circular groove 11 with the second circular groove 12; a longitudinal circular through hole 14 is carved at the center of the bottom of the first circular groove 11 along the direction of the Z negative half shaft;
the medium shell 2 consists of two identical hollow circular tubes 21 and 22, wherein the first hollow circular tube 21 is embedded into the first circular groove 11, and the second hollow circular tube 22 is embedded into the second circular groove 12; the two hollow circular tubes 21 and 22 are respectively provided with a first connecting through hole 23 and a second connecting through hole 24 with the same diameter as the transverse circular through hole 12 at one side close to the transverse circular through hole, and the centers of the two connecting through holes are on the same straight line with the center of the transverse circular through hole 12.
Preferably, the conductive liquid 3 is NaCl aqueous solution with salinity of 3.5%, coconut juice, rainwater or seawater.
Preferably, the sealing plug 4 is formed by two identical cylindrical structures 41 and 42, the first cylindrical structure 41 is disposed on the surface of the conductive liquid 3 in the first hollow circular tube 21, and the second cylindrical structure 42 is disposed on the surface of the conductive liquid 3 in the second hollow circular tube 22.
Preferably, the feeding structure 5 is composed of a feeding probe 51 and a circular metal sheet 52, the feeding probe 51 is disposed in the longitudinal circular through hole 14, and the circular metal sheet 52 is disposed at the bottom of the first circular groove 11; the lower surface of the circular metal piece 52 is connected to the tip of the feed probe 51, and the upper surface thereof is in contact with the conductive liquid 3.
Preferably, the center of the circular conductive plate 6 coincides with the Z-axis, and a through hole 61 is formed at a position contacting the bottom end of the feed probe 51, and the inner conductor of the coaxial connector 7 passes through the through hole 61 and is connected to the bottom end of the feed probe 51.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the monopole antenna is designed based on the principle of a monopole antenna, the two hollow circular tubes form a medium shell, two conductive liquid columns can be formed after conductive liquid is injected into the medium shell, namely, a parasitic unit is introduced into one side of the vertical monopole antenna to generate parasitic resonant frequency, and the parasitic resonant frequency is caused to fall near the resonant frequency of the antenna by respectively adjusting the heights of the two liquid columns, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is enlarged.
2. The invention has the advantages that the transverse circular through holes are arranged in the medium substrate, so that the conductive liquid in the two hollow circular tubes is communicated, the electromagnetic coupling between the conductive liquid columns is enhanced, the bandwidth is further expanded, and compared with the existing liquid antenna, the liquid antenna with the structure has wider bandwidth.
3. The sealing plugs are arranged on the liquid surfaces of the conductive liquid in the two hollow round tubes, so that the height difference of the conductive liquid in the two hollow round tubes can be maintained, and the stability of the antenna during working can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a yoz cross-sectional structure of a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a media substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a media case construction according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the sealing plug of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna feed structure in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a circular conductor plate structure in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of simulated reflection coefficients for a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of simulated radiation efficiency for a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an H-plane pattern simulated at 200MHz for a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an E-plane pattern simulated at 200MHz for a cylindrical broadband liquid antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments and effects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention gives the following three examples:
example 1, a broadband antenna with seawater as the conductive liquid.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present example includes a dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric housing 2, a conductive liquid 3, a sealing plug 4, a feeding structure 5, a circular conductor plate 6 and a coaxial connector 7; the medium shell 2 is positioned at the upper part of the medium substrate 1, is filled with conductive liquid 3 and is provided with a sealing plug 4; the feed structure 5 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 1; the dielectric substrate 1, the circular conductor plate 6 and the coaxial contact 7 are fixed from top to bottom.
Referring to fig. 4, the dielectric substrate 1 is a cylindrical structure, and is engraved with two identical circular grooves 11 and 12, a transverse circular through hole 13 and a longitudinal circular through hole 14; diameter D of the media substrate 11200mm, height H 170 mm; diameter D of the first circular groove 111160mm, height H1120mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11150 mm; diameter D of the second circular groove 121260mm, height H1220mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11250 mm; diameter D of the transverse circular through-hole 1313Distance H of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 from the transverse circular through hole 13 of 10mm135 mm; diameter D of longitudinal circular through hole 1414＝2mm。
Referring to fig. 5, the medium housing 2 is composed of two identical hollow circular tubes 21 and 22, and identical connecting through holes 23 and 24 are engraved at the bottoms of the two hollow circular tubes 21 and 22; diameter D of the first hollow round tube 212160mm, height H21120mm, thickness L 212 mm; diameter D of the first connecting through-hole 232310mm, the distance H between the center of the circle and the bottom of the first hollow round tube 2123＝15mm。
Referring to fig. 6, the sealing plug 4 is in the form of two identical cylindrical structures 41 and 42, the diameter D of the first cylinder 414160mm, thickness H41＝10mm。
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the feeding structure 5 is composed of a feeding probe 51 and a circular metal sheet 52, the feeding probe 51 is connected to the circular metal sheet 52 at its top end, and its bottom end is connected to the coaxial structure inner conductor through a through hole 61; diameter D of feed probe 51512mm, height H5150mm, diameter D of a round metal sheet 52 loaded at the top5260mm, thickness H52Radius D of circular conductor plate 6 of 1mm62000mm and 5mm thick.
In this example, ε is used as the dielectric substrate 1rHard Teflon material 2.1, epsilon is used for the dielectric housing 2rThe rigid transparent PMMA pipe is 3.4, seawater is used as the conductive liquid 3, insulating rubber is used as the sealing plug 4, a copper material is used as the feed structure 5, a stainless iron material is used as the circular conductor plate 6, and an SMA connector is used as the coaxial connector; sea water is injected into the medium shell, the sealing plug plays a role in maintaining the height difference of the sea water, the height of the sea water in the first hollow circular tube 21 is 500mm, and the height of the sea water in the second hollow circular tube 22 is 800 mm.
Example 2, the conductive liquid was a broadband antenna containing NaCl with a salinity of 3.5%.
The structure of this example is the same as that of example 1, except that the conductive liquid 3 is an aqueous NaCl solution with a salinity of 3.5%, and the parameters of the components of the antenna are set as follows:
diameter D of the media substrate 11250mm, height H 180 mm; diameter D of the first circular groove 111160mm, height H1130mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11150 mm; diameter D of the second circular groove 121260mm, height H1230mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11250 mm; diameter D of the transverse circular through-hole 1313Distance H of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 from the transverse circular through hole 13 of 10mm1315 mm; diameter D of longitudinal circular through hole 1414＝2mm。
Diameter D of the first hollow round tube 212160mm, height H21120mm, thickness L 212 mm; diameter D of the first connecting through-hole 232310mm, the distance H between the center of the circle and the bottom of the first hollow round tube 2123＝15mm。
Diameter D of the first cylindrical body 414160mm, thickness H41＝15mm。
Diameter D of feed probe 51512mm, height H5150mm, diameter D of a round metal sheet 52 loaded at the top5260mm, thickness H52Radius D of circular conductor plate 6 of 1mm61000mm and 7mm thick.
Example 3, the conductive liquid was a broadband antenna of coconut water.
The structure of this example is the same as that of example 1, except that the conductive liquid 3 is coconut milk, and the parameters of the respective parts of the antenna are set as follows:
diameter D of the media substrate 11250mm, height H 1100 mm; diameter D of the first circular groove 111160mm, height H1150mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11150 mm; diameter D of the second circular groove 121260mm, height H1250mm, the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate 11250 mm; diameter D of the transverse circular through-hole 1313Distance H of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 from the transverse circular through hole 13 of 10mm1335 mm; diameter D of longitudinal circular through hole 1414＝2mm。
Diameter D of the first hollow round tube 212160mm, height H21120mm, thickness L 212 mm; diameter D of the first connecting through-hole 232310mm, the distance H between the center of the circle and the bottom of the first hollow round tube 2123＝15mm。
Diameter D of the first cylindrical body 414160mm, thickness H41＝20mm。
Diameter D of feed probe 51512mm, height H5150mm, diameter D of a round metal sheet 52 loaded at the top5260mm, thickness H52Radius D of circular conductor plate 6 of 1mm63000mm and 10mm thick.
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulations:
first, simulation condition
Example 1 of the invention was simulated using the commercial simulation software HFSS 15.0.
Second, simulation content
As can be seen from FIG. 9, the frequency f at which the antenna reflection coefficient is less than-10 dBL＝86MHz、fH298MHz, the absolute bandwidth Δ f is calculated as fH-fL212MHz, relative bandwidth
The calculation result shows that the relative bandwidth of the liquid antenna is far larger than 25% relative bandwidth required by a broadband antenna.
As can be seen from fig. 10, the antenna radiation efficiency is about 50% in the low and high bands of the passband frequencies, and about 35% in the middle band.
As can be seen from fig. 11, the H-plane pattern has a certain directivity, and the gain is maximum in the direction of phi ═ 90 degrees.
As can be seen from fig. 12, the maximum radiation direction of the E-plane pattern is about 30 degrees from the horizontal plane, and as can be seen from the H-plane pattern shown in fig. 11, the antenna has back diffraction due to the limited size of the circular conductive plate 6 in this example, but the omnidirectional radiation characteristic of the broadband liquid antenna of the present invention is very good in the case of using the limited size circular conductive plate 6.
Claims (10)
1. A columnar broadband liquid antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a dielectric shell (2), conductive liquid (3), a sealing plug (4), a feed structure (5), a circular conductor plate (6) and a coaxial connector (7); the medium shell (2) is positioned at the upper part of the medium substrate (1), is filled with conductive liquid (3) and is provided with a sealing plug (4); the feed structure (5) is embedded in the dielectric substrate (1); the dielectric substrate (1), the circular conductor plate (6) and the coaxial connector (7) are fixed from top to bottom, and the coaxial connector is characterized in that;
the medium substrate (1) is of a cylindrical structure, two identical circular grooves (11, 12) are formed in the two sides of the circle center of the upper surface of the medium substrate at equal intervals along the direction of a Z negative half shaft, a transverse circular through hole (13) is formed in the position, right below the circle center of the upper surface, along the direction of a Y shaft, and the first circular groove (11) is communicated with the second circular groove (12) through the transverse circular through hole (13); a longitudinal circular through hole (14) is carved at the circle center of the bottom of the first circular groove (11) along the direction of the Z negative half shaft;
the medium shell (2) is composed of two identical hollow round pipes (21, 22), the first hollow round pipe (21) is embedded into the first round groove (11), and the second hollow round pipe (22) is embedded into the second round groove (12); a first connecting through hole (23) and a second connecting through hole (24) which have the same diameter as the transverse circular through hole are respectively carved on one sides of the two hollow circular tubes (21, 22) close to the transverse circular through hole (12), and the centers of the two connecting through holes are on the same straight line with the center of the transverse circular through hole (12).
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; the conductive liquid (3) adopts NaCl water solution with the salinity of 3.5 percent or coconut juice or rainwater or seawater.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; the sealing plug (4) is of two identical cylinder structures (41, 42), the first cylinder (41) is arranged on the liquid level of the conductive liquid (3) in the first hollow circular tube (21), and the second cylinder (42) is arranged on the liquid level of the conductive liquid (3) in the second hollow circular tube (22).
4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; the feed structure (5) consists of a feed probe (51) and a circular metal sheet (52), the feed probe (51) is arranged in the longitudinal circular through hole (14), and the circular metal sheet (52) is arranged at the bottom of the first circular groove (11); the lower surface of the circular metal sheet (52) is connected with the top end of the feed probe (51), and the upper surface thereof is in contact with the conductive liquid (3).
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; the circle center of the circular conductor plate (6) is superposed with the Z axis, a through hole (61) is formed in the position where the circular conductor plate is contacted with the bottom end of the feed probe (51), and the inner conductor of the coaxial connector (7) penetrates through the through hole (61) and is connected with the bottom end of the feed probe (51).
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; diameter D of the dielectric substrate (1)1200-300 mm, height H170 mm-100 mm; the diameter D of the first circular groove (11)1160mm, height H1120 mm-50 mm, and the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate (1)1150 mm; diameter D of the second circular groove (12)1260mm, height H1220 mm-50 mm, and the distance L between the center of the circle and the center of the medium substrate (1)1250 mm; diameter D of the transverse circular through-hole (13)1310mm, the distance H between the upper surface of the medium substrate (1) and the transverse circular through hole (13)135 mm-35 mm; diameter D of the longitudinal circular through-hole (14)14＝2mm。
7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; diameter D of the first hollow round tube (21)21＝60mmHeight H21120mm, thickness L212 mm; diameter D of the first connecting through-hole (23)2310mm, and the distance H between the center of the circle and the bottom of the first hollow round tube (21)23＝15mm。
8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; the height of the conductive liquid (3) in the first hollow circular tube (21) is 200 mm-1000 mm, and the height of the conductive liquid (3) in the second hollow circular tube (22) is 200 mm-1000 mm.
9. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; diameter D of the first cylinder (41)4160mm, thickness H41＝10mm～20mm。
10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein; diameter D of the feed probe (51)512mm, height H5150mm, diameter D of a round metal sheet (52) loaded at the top end5260mm, thickness H521 mm-2 mm, radius D of the circular conductor plate (6)61000mm to 3000mm and 5mm to 10mm in thickness.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113794054A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-12-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Polarization reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna |
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2021
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