CN113009384B - Vector magnetic field sensor, preparation method and detection system - Google Patents
Vector magnetic field sensor, preparation method and detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113009384B CN113009384B CN202011584395.6A CN202011584395A CN113009384B CN 113009384 B CN113009384 B CN 113009384B CN 202011584395 A CN202011584395 A CN 202011584395A CN 113009384 B CN113009384 B CN 113009384B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 57
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The application relates to a vector magnetic field sensor, a preparation method and a detection system, and relates to the technical field of optical fiber magnetic field sensing. The vector magnetic field sensor provided by the invention solves the problems that the existing magnetic field sensor has limited sensitivity, insufficient measurement precision and poor anti-interference capability, and cannot measure the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber magnetic field sensing, in particular to a vector magnetic field sensor, a preparation method and a detection system.
Background
The continuous vector magnetic field sensing technology plays an extremely important role in the fields of navigation, space exploration, military and the like. The traditional magnetic field sensor mainly adopts magnetic resistance type, magnetic diode type and the like, is easily interfered by electromagnetic environment factors and the like, and is unfavorable for long-distance transmission. In extreme environments, the performance of conventional magnetic field sensors can be affected, or even malfunction.
The optical fiber magnetic field sensor has the obvious advantages of compact structure, quick response, high sensitivity and the like compared with the traditional magnetic field sensor. Along with the development of nano technology, the combination of the functional nano material and the optical fiber can effectively realize magnetic field sensing, especially weak magnetic field measurement. The magnetic fluid is an important nano material and has rich magneto-optical characteristics such as adjustable refractive index, adjustable birefringence, adjustable light transmittance and the like. With the development of special optical fiber technology, optical fiber magnetic field sensing can be realized by combining an optical fiber device with magnetic fluid, but most devices and magnetic fluid can only realize the measurement of magnetic field intensity, but cannot realize the discrimination of magnetic field direction, so that the application range of the optical fiber magnetic field sensor is limited.
The polarization maintaining fiber long period grating is formed by performing periodic refractive index modulation on a polarization maintaining fiber, and coupling a fiber core fundamental mode to an orthogonal polarization cladding mode, wherein the cladding mode has asymmetric environment refractive index characteristics due to a special asymmetric structure of the polarization maintaining fiber. Polarization-maintaining fiber long-period gratings based on polarized light measurement are important research directions in the fiber vector sensing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a vector magnetic field sensor which solves the problem that the existing magnetic field sensor cannot measure the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction at the same time.
The invention provides a vector magnetic field sensor which comprises a single-mode fiber, a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, magnetic fluid and a quartz capillary tube, wherein two ends of the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber, the quartz capillary tube is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, the magnetic fluid is arranged in the quartz capillary tube, and a long-period grating is inscribed on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber.
According to the vector magnetic field sensor provided by the invention, the magnetic fluid has the characteristic of adjustable refractive index under the action of a magnetic field, and the nano particles have the characteristic of chain aggregation. The existence of the optical fiber breaks the chain arrangement balance of the magnetic fluid nano particles, so that the nano particles are distributed sparsely in the plane of the magnetic field passing through the optical fiber, and the nano particles on the surface of the optical fiber perpendicular to the optical fiber are abundant, so that high-low refractive index distribution is formed on the surfaces of the optical fiber in two orthogonal directions. The polarization maintaining fiber is an asymmetric structure fiber, has strong birefringence, the long period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber can couple a fiber core fundamental mode to a high-order orthogonal polarization cladding mode, the cladding mode of the long period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber has asymmetric environment refractive index characteristics, and the simultaneous measurement of the intensity and the direction of an external magnetic field can be realized by monitoring the spectral resonance wavelength shift of the cladding mode through the interaction of an evanescent field of the cladding mode and magnetic fluid.
Further, the cladding diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber is 80 microns.
Further, the period of the long period grating is in the range of 250-400 microns.
Further, ultraviolet curing glue is injected at two ends of the quartz capillary tube.
Further, the magnetic fluid is a water-based magnetic fluid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the vector magnetic field sensor, which comprises the following steps:
writing a thin-diameter polarization maintaining fiber long period grating: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber with a preset length in the middle of a single-mode fiber, and inscribing a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber through carbon dioxide laser;
and sleeving the quartz capillary tube outside the polarization maintaining optical fiber long period grating, keeping the axial constant tension of the polarization maintaining optical fiber long period grating optical fiber, sealing one end of the quartz capillary tube by using ultraviolet curing glue, introducing magnetic fluid into the quartz capillary tube by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary tube by using the ultraviolet curing glue.
According to the preparation method of the vector magnetic field sensor, the long-period fiber bragg grating is prepared on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber by using the carbon dioxide laser, so that the insertion loss of the long-period fiber bragg grating is small, the design is flexible, and the refractive index sensitivity is high.
The invention also provides a vector magnetic field sensor detection system, which comprises: vector magnetic field sensor, broadband light source, spectrometer, polarizer, polarization controller and magnetic field generator; the broadband light source, the polarizer, the polarization controller, the vector magnetic field sensor and the spectrometer are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor is arranged in the magnetic field generator, and the magnetic field generator is driven by a stabilized voltage power supply.
Furthermore, a tesla magnetometer is also arranged in the magnetic field generator.
Further, the magnetic field generator is a rotatable magnetic field generator.
According to the vector magnetic field sensor detection system provided by the invention, the change of the transmission spectrum resonance wavelength of the packaged polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating is monitored by utilizing a spectrometer under the action of an external magnetic field, so that the change rule of the grating resonance peak wavelength along with the intensity of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field is obtained.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vector magnetic field sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection system of a vector magnetic field sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the response of the vector magnetic field sensor to magnetic field strength at different magnetic field directions according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the transmission spectrum of a vector magnetic field sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention under the constant magnetic field intensity along with the magnetic field direction;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the magnetic field direction response of the vector magnetic field sensor under a constant magnetic field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main reference signs
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present application, are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments presented herein.
It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present application, and it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to apply the present application to other similar situations according to these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that while such a development effort might be complex and lengthy, it would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, or manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, and thus should not be construed as having the benefit of this disclosure.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is to be expressly and implicitly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar terms herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the singular or plural. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (elements) is not limited to only those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality" as used herein refers to two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used herein, are merely distinguishing between similar objects and not representing a particular ordering of objects.
The first embodiment of the present invention proposes a vector magnetic field sensor 11. The vector magnetic field sensor 11 comprises a single-mode fiber 1, a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber 3, a magnetic fluid 4 and a quartz capillary 5.
Specifically, two ends of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber 1, the quartz capillary 5 is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3, the magnetic fluid 4 is arranged in the quartz capillary 5, and a long-period grating is inscribed on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3.
The vector magnetic field sensor 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention has the characteristic of adjustable refractive index under the action of magnetic field by arranging the magnetic fluid 4, and the nanoparticles have the characteristic of chain aggregation. The existence of the optical fiber breaks the chain arrangement balance of the magnetic fluid nano particles, so that the nano particles are distributed sparsely in the plane of the magnetic field passing through the optical fiber, and the nano particles on the surface of the optical fiber perpendicular to the optical fiber are abundant, so that high-low refractive index distribution is formed on the surfaces of the optical fiber in two orthogonal directions. The polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 is an asymmetric structure optical fiber and has strong birefringence, a long-period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 can couple a fiber core fundamental mode to a high-order orthogonal polarization cladding mode, the cladding mode of the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 has asymmetric environment refractive index characteristics, the interaction of a cladding mode evanescent field and the magnetic fluid 4 can be realized, and the simultaneous measurement of the intensity and the direction of an external magnetic field can be realized by monitoring the spectral resonance wavelength shift of the cladding mode.
Further, in order to improve the sensitivity of the vector magnetic field sensor 11, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the cladding diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber 3 is 80 μm. By arranging the optical fiber as a fine cladding optical fiber, the smaller the diameter of the optical fiber, the higher the sensitivity of the refractive index of the environment,
Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the period of the long period grating is in the range of 250-400 microns. This makes the long period grating mode a higher order cladding mode LP14. The higher the long period grating mode order, the higher the ambient refractive index sensitivity.
It can be understood that, as the magnetic fluid 4 is arranged in the quartz capillary 5, the magnetic fluid 4 is in a liquid form, and in order to achieve a good sealing effect, the ultraviolet curing adhesive 2 is injected at two ends of the quartz capillary 5. The vector magnetic field sensor 11 has good sealing performance by injecting ultraviolet curing glue 2 at two ends of the quartz capillary 5, and meanwhile, the connection strength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 and the single-mode optical fiber 1 is enhanced.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the magnetic fluid 4 is a water-based magnetic fluid (EMG 605), and the magnetic fluid 4 has the characteristics of good magnetic effect and uniform particle size.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the vector magnetic field sensor 11, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) inscribing a 3-long period grating of the small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 with the length of 5 cm in the middle of a single-mode fiber 1, and inscribing a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 by carbon dioxide laser; and sleeving a quartz capillary 5 outside the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3, keeping the axial constant tension of the long-period grating optical fiber of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3, packaging one end of the quartz capillary 5 by using ultraviolet curing glue 2, introducing magnetic fluid 4 into the quartz capillary 5 by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue 2 is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary 5 by using the ultraviolet curing glue 2.
By adopting the preparation method, the long-period fiber grating is prepared on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber by using the carbon dioxide laser, the insertion loss of the long-period fiber grating is small, the design is flexible, and the refractive index sensitivity is high.
Referring to fig. 2, a vector magnetic field sensor detection system according to a second embodiment of the present invention is configured to detect a change in a transmission spectrum resonance wavelength of a polarization maintaining fiber after packaging by using a spectrometer under an external magnetic field, so as to obtain a change rule of a grating resonance peak wavelength along with a magnetic field strength and a magnetic field direction. Specifically, the vector magnetic field sensor detection system includes: a vector magnetic field sensor 11, a broadband light source 6, a spectrometer 13, a polarizer 7, a polarization controller 8 and a magnetic field generator 10; the broadband light source 6, the polarizer 7, the polarization controller 8, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 and the spectrometer 13 are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 is arranged in the magnetic field generator 10, and the magnetic field generator 10 is driven by a stabilized voltage supply 9.
In addition, the magnetic field sensor detection system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a tesla magnetometer 12 in the magnetic field generator 10 for detecting and recording the change of the magnetic induction intensity.
In addition, the magnetic field generator 10 adopts a rotatable magnetic field generator, so that the magnetic field effect of different angles can be realized, and the parameter values of the magnetic field generator 10 effect under different angles can be conveniently obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the directions of the fast axis and the slow axis of the long period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 in the vector magnetic field sensor 11 are calibrated, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 is connected to a vector magnetic field sensor detection system, the polarizer 7 and the polarization controller 8 are reasonably adjusted so that incident linearly polarized light enters the long period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3, and the fast axis and the slow axis transmission spectrum of the vector magnetic field sensor 11 under the condition of no external magnetic field application can be respectively obtained on a spectrometer. And respectively researching the change rule of the resonant peak wavelength of the vector magnetic field sensor 11 along with the magnetic field intensity under different magnetic field directions of the fast axis transmission spectrum and the slow axis transmission spectrum. As shown in fig. 3, the magnetic field response of the fast-axis and slow-axis mode resonance peaks can be obtained. When the magnetic field strength is changed in the range of 0-10.5 mT, the magnetic field responses in four different directions have better linearity. In order to more accurately realize the magnetic field intensity measurement, the detected magnetic field intensity should be in the range of 0-10.5 mT. When the external magnetic field direction is parallel to the optical fiber slow axis, the fast axis mode and the slow axis mode have the highest magnetic field response sensitivity, when the external magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the optical fiber slow axis, the fast axis mode has the lowest magnetic field response sensitivity in the slow axis mode, and the magnetic field response sensitivity of other two directions is between the highest sensitivity and the lowest sensitivity, which means that the magnetic field vector magnetic field sensor 11 can realize magnetic field intensity measurement in a plurality of directions.
When the vector magnetic field sensor detection system detects the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction, the magnetic field intensity of the detected magnetic field is between 0 and 10.5 mT. The detection mode is that a spectrometer monitors the change of the transmission spectrum resonance peak of the long-period grating cladding mode of the polarization maintaining optical fiber.
In addition, the resonant peak of the long period grating cladding mode of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 is used as a sensing detection peak, the resonant peak of the fast axis and the slow axis cladding mode can be used as a sensing detection peak, and the resonant peak of the slow axis mode has higher refractive index sensitivity.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to verify that the vector magnetic field sensor 11 has the capability of measuring the magnetic field direction, the fixed magnetic field strength is 7.0mT, and the change of the transmission spectrum of the fast axis cladding mode with the magnetic field direction of 360 ° is monitored, wherein (a) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction is changed from 0 ° to 90 °, (b) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction is changed from 90 ° to 180 °, (c) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction is changed from 180 ° to 270 °, (d) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction is changed from 270 ° to 0 °.
The spectrum shifts blue as the magnetic field strength changes from parallel to the slow axis of the fiber to perpendicular to the slow axis of the fiber. Conversely, the spectrum is red shifted. In order to further analyze the vector magnetic field sensing characteristics of the magnetic field sensor, the magnetic field intensities are respectively fixed to be 7.0mT and 11.0mT, wherein the magnetic field direction change range is 0-360 degrees, and the change of the fast axis and slow axis cladding mode resonance wavelength along with the change of the magnetic field direction is monitored. As shown in fig. 4, under different magnetic field intensities, the offset of the fast axis and slow axis mode resonant wavelength changes obviously along with the change of the magnetic field direction, and the magnetic field sensor has 8 shape under polar coordinates, which proves that the magnetic field sensor can realize the identification of the magnetic field direction within the range of 0-90 degrees.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages: the carbon dioxide laser is used for periodically modulating the refractive index of the small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber 3, so that the long-period fiber grating with higher asymmetric refractive index characteristic is prepared, and the fiber grating has higher refractive index sensitivity in the refractive index tuning range of the magnetic fluid; the vector magnetic field sensor detection system uses polarized light as a detection light source, so that the influence of high polarization-related loss of a device on a measurement result in the optical fiber sensing process is overcome; the magnetic field response of the long-period grating of the thin-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 wrapped by the magnetic fluid 4 is tested, so that the change rule of the cladding mode resonance wavelength of the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 3 along with the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction is obtained, the grating period with the period range of 250-400 micrometers is selected, the proper grating resonance wavelength, the proper detected magnetic field intensity interval and the water-based magnetic fluid are adopted, and the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction response of the magnetic field sensor are higher.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. The vector magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising a single-mode fiber, a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, magnetic fluid and a quartz capillary tube, wherein two ends of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber, the quartz capillary tube is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, the magnetic fluid is arranged in the quartz capillary tube, a long-period grating is inscribed on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, and the cladding diameter of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber is 80 microns.
2. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the long period grating has a period in the range of 250-400 microns.
3. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the quartz capillary tube is injection molded with ultraviolet curable glue at both ends.
4. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetic fluid is a water-based magnetic fluid.
5. A method of manufacturing a vector magnetic field sensor according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the method comprises:
writing a thin-diameter polarization maintaining fiber long period grating: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber with a preset length in the middle of a single-mode fiber, and inscribing a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber through carbon dioxide laser;
sleeving a quartz capillary tube outside the polarization maintaining optical fiber long period grating, keeping the axial constant tension of the polarization maintaining optical fiber long period grating optical fiber, sealing one end of the quartz capillary tube by using ultraviolet curing glue, introducing magnetic fluid into the quartz capillary tube by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary tube by using the ultraviolet curing glue; the preset length of the small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber is 5 cm.
6. The detection system of a vector magnetic field sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the detection system comprises: broadband light source, spectrometer, polarizer, polarization controller and magnetic field generator; the broadband light source, the polarizer, the polarization controller, the vector magnetic field sensor and the spectrometer are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor is arranged in the magnetic field generator, and the magnetic field generator is driven by a stabilized voltage power supply.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein a tesla magnetometer is further disposed within the magnetic field generator.
8. The vector magnetic field sensor detection system of claim 6, wherein the magnetic field generator is a rotatable magnetic field generator.
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