CN113009384A - Vector magnetic field sensor, preparation method and detection system - Google Patents
Vector magnetic field sensor, preparation method and detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113009384A CN113009384A CN202011584395.6A CN202011584395A CN113009384A CN 113009384 A CN113009384 A CN 113009384A CN 202011584395 A CN202011584395 A CN 202011584395A CN 113009384 A CN113009384 A CN 113009384A
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Abstract
The vector magnetic field sensor comprises a single-mode fiber, a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, a magnetic fluid and a quartz capillary tube, wherein two ends of the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber, the quartz capillary tube is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, the magnetic fluid is arranged in the quartz capillary tube, and long-period gratings are engraved on the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber. The vector magnetic field sensor provided by the invention solves the problems that the conventional magnetic field sensor is limited in sensitivity, insufficient in measurement precision, poor in anti-interference capability and incapable of measuring the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber magnetic field sensing, in particular to a vector magnetic field sensor, a preparation method and a detection system.
Background
The continuous vector magnetic field sensing technology has extremely important functions in the fields of navigation, space exploration, military and the like. The traditional magnetic field sensor mainly adopts a magnetic resistance type, a magnetic diode type and the like, is easily interfered by environmental factors such as electromagnetism and the like, and is not beneficial to long-distance transmission. In extreme environments, the performance of conventional magnetic field sensors can be affected and even fail.
Compared with the traditional magnetic field sensor, the optical fiber magnetic field sensor has the obvious advantages of compact structure, quick response, high sensitivity and the like. With the development of nanotechnology, the combination of functional nanomaterials and optical fibers can effectively realize magnetic field sensing, especially the measurement of weak magnetic fields. The magnetic fluid is an important nano material and has rich magneto-optical characteristics such as adjustable refractive index, adjustable birefringence, adjustable light transmittance and the like. With the development of special optical fiber technology, optical fiber devices and magnetic fluid are combined to realize optical fiber magnetic field sensing, but most devices and magnetic fluid can only realize the measurement of magnetic field intensity and cannot realize the identification of magnetic field direction, so that the application range of the optical fiber magnetic field sensor is limited.
The polarization maintaining fiber long period grating is used for carrying out periodic refractive index modulation on a polarization maintaining fiber, a fiber core fundamental mode is coupled to an orthogonal polarization cladding mode, and the cladding mode of the polarization maintaining fiber has the characteristic of asymmetric environmental refractive index due to the special asymmetric structure of the polarization maintaining fiber. A polarization-maintaining optical fiber long-period grating based on polarized light measurement is an important research direction in the optical fiber vector sensing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the invention aims to provide a vector magnetic field sensor, which solves the problem that the existing magnetic field sensor cannot measure the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction simultaneously.
The invention provides a vector magnetic field sensor which comprises a single mode fiber, a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, a magnetic fluid and a quartz capillary tube, wherein two ends of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber are respectively connected with the single mode fiber, the quartz capillary tube is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, the magnetic fluid is arranged in the quartz capillary tube, and long-period gratings are engraved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber.
According to the vector magnetic field sensor provided by the invention, the magnetic fluid has the characteristic of adjustable refractive index under the action of the magnetic field, and the nano particles have the chain aggregation characteristic. The existence of the optical fiber breaks the balance of the chain arrangement of the magnetic fluid nano particles, so that the nano particles in the plane of the magnetic field passing through the optical fiber are sparsely distributed, the nano particles on the surface of the optical fiber vertical to the magnetic field are rich, and high-low refractive index distribution is formed on the surfaces of the optical fiber in two orthogonal directions. The polarization maintaining fiber is an asymmetric structure fiber and has strong birefringence, a fiber core basic mode can be coupled to a high-order orthogonal polarization cladding mode by the polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating, the cladding mode of the polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating has an asymmetric environment refractive index characteristic, and the simultaneous measurement of the external magnetic field intensity and the external magnetic field direction can be realized by monitoring the spectral resonance wavelength shift of the cladding mode through the interaction of a cladding mode evanescent field and a magnetic fluid.
Further, the cladding diameter of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is 80 microns.
Further, the period range of the long-period grating is 250-400 microns.
Furthermore, ultraviolet curing glue is injected at two ends of the quartz capillary tube.
Further, the magnetic fluid is a water-based magnetic fluid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the vector magnetic field sensor, which comprises the following steps:
writing a long-period grating of the thin-diameter polarization maintaining fiber: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber with a preset length in the middle of a single mode fiber, and etching a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber through carbon dioxide laser;
sleeving a quartz capillary tube outside a polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating, maintaining the axial constant tension of the polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating fiber, packaging one end of the quartz capillary tube by using ultraviolet curing glue, introducing magnetic fluid into the quartz capillary tube by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary tube by using the ultraviolet curing glue.
According to the vector magnetic field sensor preparation method provided by the invention, the long-period fiber grating is prepared on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber by using the carbon dioxide laser, the long-period fiber grating is small in insertion loss, flexible in design and high in refractive index sensitivity.
The invention also provides a vector magnetic field sensor detection system, which comprises: the device comprises a vector magnetic field sensor, a broadband light source, a spectrometer, a polarizer, a polarization controller and a magnetic field generator; the width light source, the polarizer, the polarization controller, the vector magnetic field sensor and the spectrometer are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor is arranged in the magnetic field generator, and the magnetic field generator is driven by a voltage-stabilized power supply.
Furthermore, a tesla magnetometer is arranged in the magnetic field generator.
Further, the magnetic field generator is a rotatable magnetic field generator.
The vector magnetic field sensor detection system provided by the invention monitors the change of the resonance wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the encapsulated polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating by using a spectrometer under the action of an external magnetic field to obtain the change rule of the resonance peak wavelength of the grating along with the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vector magnetic field sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vector magnetic field sensor detection system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the response of a vector magnetic field sensor to magnetic field strength in different magnetic field directions according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the transmission spectrum of a vector magnetic field sensor as a function of the direction of the magnetic field at constant field strength according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a magnetic field direction response diagram of the vector magnetic field sensor under a constant magnetic field according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main elements
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments presented herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present application, and that it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to apply the present application to other similar contexts on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms referred to herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar words throughout this application are not to be construed as limiting in number, and may refer to the singular or the plural. The present application is directed to the use of the terms "including," "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (elements) is not limited to the listed steps or elements, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Reference to "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application is not intended to be limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality" as referred to herein means two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, "A and/or B" may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. Reference herein to the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular ordering for the objects.
The first embodiment of the present invention proposes a vector magnetic field sensor 11. The vector magnetic field sensor 11 comprises a single-mode fiber 1, a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber 3, a magnetic fluid 4 and a quartz capillary 5.
Specifically, two ends of a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 are respectively connected with a single mode fiber 1, a quartz capillary 5 is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3, a magnetic fluid 4 is arranged in the quartz capillary 5, and a long-period grating is engraved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3.
The vector magnetic field sensor 11 provided by the first embodiment of the invention has the characteristics of adjustable refractive index by arranging the magnetic fluid 4 under the action of a magnetic field, and the nanoparticles have the chain aggregation characteristic. The existence of the optical fiber breaks the balance of the chain arrangement of the magnetic fluid nano particles, so that the nano particles in the plane of the magnetic field passing through the optical fiber are sparsely distributed, the nano particles on the surface of the optical fiber vertical to the magnetic field are rich, and high-low refractive index distribution is formed on the surfaces of the optical fiber in two orthogonal directions. The polarization maintaining fiber 3 is an asymmetric structure fiber and has strong birefringence, a fiber core basic mode can be coupled to a high-order orthogonal polarization cladding mode by the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber 3, the cladding mode of the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber 3 has an asymmetric environment refractive index characteristic, and the simultaneous measurement of the external magnetic field intensity and the external magnetic field direction can be realized by monitoring the spectral resonance wavelength shift of the cladding mode through the interaction of the cladding mode evanescent field and the magnetic fluid 4.
Further, in order to improve the sensitivity of the vector magnetic field sensor 11, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the cladding diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber 3 is 80 μm. By setting the optical fiber as a thin clad optical fiber, the smaller the diameter of the optical fiber, the higher the ambient refractive index sensitivity,
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the period range of the long-period grating is 250-400 microns. This makes the long period grating mode a high order cladding mode LP 14. The higher the order of the long period grating mode, the higher the ambient refractive index sensitivity.
It can be understood that, because the magnetic fluid 4 is arranged in the quartz capillary 5, and the magnetic fluid 4 is in a liquid form, in order to achieve a good sealing effect, the ultraviolet curing glue 2 is injected and molded at two ends of the quartz capillary 5 in the embodiment of the invention. The vector magnetic field sensor 11 has good sealing performance by injecting the ultraviolet curing adhesive 2 at the two ends of the quartz capillary tube 5, and meanwhile, the connection strength of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 and the single-mode optical fiber 1 is enhanced.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic fluid 4 is a water-based magnetic fluid (EMG 605), and the magnetic fluid 4 has the characteristics of good magnetic effect and uniform particle size.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the vector magnetic field sensor 11, which specifically comprises the following steps:
writing a long period grating of a thin-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 with the length of 5 cm in the middle of the single-mode fiber 1, and writing a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 through carbon dioxide laser; sleeving a quartz capillary tube 5 outside a long-period grating of a polarization maintaining fiber 3, maintaining the axial constant tension of the long-period grating fiber of the polarization maintaining fiber 3, packaging one end of the quartz capillary tube 5 by using ultraviolet curing glue 2, introducing a magnetic fluid 4 into the quartz capillary tube 5 by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue 2 is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary tube 5 by using the ultraviolet curing glue 2.
By adopting the preparation method, the long-period fiber grating is prepared on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber by using the carbon dioxide laser, the long-period fiber grating has small insertion loss, flexible design and high refractive index sensitivity.
Referring to fig. 2, a vector magnetic field sensor detection system according to a second embodiment of the present invention is used to detect a change in a resonant wavelength of a transmission spectrum of a long-period grating of a polarization maintaining fiber after being packaged by a spectrometer under the action of an external magnetic field, so as to obtain a change rule of a resonant peak wavelength of the grating along with a magnetic field strength and a magnetic field direction. Specifically, the vector magnetic field sensor detection system includes: the device comprises a vector magnetic field sensor 11, a broadband light source 6, a spectrometer 13, a polarizer 7, a polarization controller 8 and a magnetic field generator 10; the width light source 6, the polarizer 7, the polarization controller 8, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 and the spectrometer 13 are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 is arranged in the magnetic field generator 10, and the magnetic field generator 10 is driven by a voltage stabilizing power supply 9.
In addition, the magnetic field sensor detecting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention further includes a tesla magnetometer 12 disposed in the magnetic field generator 10 for detecting and recording the variation of the magnetic induction intensity.
Moreover, the magnetic field generator 10 adopts a rotatable magnetic field generator, so that the magnetic field effect at different angles can be realized, and the parameter values of the magnetic field generator 10 effect at different angles can be conveniently obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the directions of the fast axis and the slow axis of the long-period grating of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 in the vector magnetic field sensor 11 are calibrated, the vector magnetic field sensor 11 is connected to the vector magnetic field sensor detection system, the polarizer 7 and the polarization controller 8 are reasonably adjusted to enable the incident linear polarization light to enter the long-period grating of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 respectively, and the spectrometer can obtain the transmission spectra of the fast axis and the slow axis of the vector magnetic field sensor 11 in the state of not applying the external magnetic field respectively. The change rule of the resonant peak wavelength of the vector magnetic field sensor 11 along with the magnetic field intensity under different magnetic field directions of the fast axis and the slow axis transmission spectrum is respectively researched. As shown in fig. 3, the magnetic field response of the fast axis and slow axis mode resonance peaks can be obtained. When the magnetic field intensity is changed within the range of 0-10.5 mT, the magnetic field responses in four different directions all have good linearity. In order to more accurately realize the magnetic field intensity measurement, the variation range of the detected magnetic field intensity should be between 0mT and 10.5 mT. When the external magnetic field direction is parallel to the optical fiber slow axis, the fast axis mode and the slow axis mode have the highest magnetic field response sensitivity, when the external magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the optical fiber slow axis, the fast axis mode and the slow axis mode have the lowest magnetic field response sensitivity, and the magnetic field response sensitivities in other two directions are between the highest sensitivity and the lowest sensitivity, which shows that the magnetic field vector magnetic field sensor 11 can realize magnetic field intensity measurement in multiple directions.
When the vector magnetic field sensor detection system detects the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction, the magnetic field intensity of the detected magnetic field is between 0mT and 10.5 mT. The detection mode is that the spectrometer monitors the change of the resonance peak of the transmission spectrum of the cladding mode of the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber.
In addition, the resonance peak of the cladding mode of the long-period grating of the polarization maintaining fiber 3 is used as a sensing detection peak, the resonance peak of the cladding mode of the fast axis and the slow axis can be used as the sensing detection peak, and the resonance peak of the slow axis has higher refractive index sensitivity.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to verify that the vector magnetic field sensor 11 has the capability of measuring the magnetic field direction, the fixed magnetic field strength is 7.0mT, and the change of the fast axis cladding mode transmission spectrum with the magnetic field direction is monitored, wherein (a) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction changes from 0 ° to 90 °, (b) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction changes from 90 ° to 180 °, (c) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction changes from 180 ° to 270 °, and (d) is the change of the transmission spectrum with the magnetic field when the magnetic field direction changes from 270 ° to 0 °.
The spectrum undergoes a blue shift as the magnetic field strength changes from parallel to perpendicular to the slow axis of the fiber. Conversely, the spectrum is red-shifted. In order to further analyze the vector magnetic field sensing characteristics of the magnetic field sensor, the magnetic field strength is respectively fixed to be 7.0mT and 11.0mT, the change range of the magnetic field direction is 0-360 degrees, and the change of the fast axis and slow axis cladding mode resonant wavelength along with the change of the magnetic field direction is monitored. As shown in FIG. 4, under different magnetic field strengths, the change of the offset of the mode resonant wavelength of the fast axis and the slow axis along with the change of the magnetic field direction is obvious, and the mode resonant wavelength of the fast axis and the slow axis is in an 8 shape under a polar coordinate, so that the magnetic field sensor can distinguish the magnetic field direction within the range of 0-90 degrees.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages: the long-period fiber grating with high asymmetric refractive index characteristic is prepared by periodically modulating the refractive index of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 by using carbon dioxide laser, and has high refractive index sensitivity in the refractive index tuning range of the magnetic fluid; the vector magnetic field sensor detection system overcomes the influence of high polarization related loss of devices on a measurement result in the optical fiber sensing process by using polarized light as a detection light source; by testing the response of the long-period grating magnetic field of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber 3 wrapped by the magnetic fluid 4, the change rule of the resonant wavelength of the cladding mode of the long-period grating fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining fiber 3 along with the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction is obtained, the grating period with the period range of 250-400 microns, the proper grating resonant wavelength, the proper detected magnetic field intensity interval and the water-based magnetic fluid are selected, and the response of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction of the magnetic field sensor is higher.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The vector magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising a single-mode fiber, a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, a magnetic fluid and a quartz capillary tube, wherein two ends of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber, the quartz capillary tube is sleeved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber, the magnetic fluid is arranged in the quartz capillary tube, and long-period gratings are engraved on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber.
2. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the cladding diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber is 80 microns.
3. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the long-period grating has a period in the range of 250-400 microns.
4. The vector magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the quartz capillary tube are injection molded with an ultraviolet curing glue.
5. The vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetic fluid is a water-based magnetic fluid.
6. The method of manufacturing a vector magnetic field sensor according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises:
writing a long-period grating of the thin-diameter polarization maintaining fiber: welding a small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber with a preset length in the middle of a single mode fiber, and etching a long-period fiber grating on the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber through carbon dioxide laser;
sleeving a quartz capillary tube outside a polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating, maintaining the axial constant tension of the polarization maintaining fiber long-period grating fiber, packaging one end of the quartz capillary tube by using ultraviolet curing glue, introducing magnetic fluid into the quartz capillary tube by using an injector after the ultraviolet curing glue is cured, and sealing the other end of the quartz capillary tube by using the ultraviolet curing glue.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined length of the small-diameter polarization maintaining fiber is 5 cm.
8. The system for detecting the vector magnetic field sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the detection system comprises: the device comprises a broadband light source, a spectrometer, a polarizer, a polarization controller and a magnetic field generator; the width light source, the polarizer, the polarization controller, the vector magnetic field sensor and the spectrometer are sequentially connected, the vector magnetic field sensor is arranged in the magnetic field generator, and the magnetic field generator is driven by a voltage-stabilized power supply.
9. The vector magnetic field sensor detection system of claim 8 wherein said magnetic field generator further comprises a tesla magnetometer disposed therein.
10. The vector magnetic field sensor detection system of claim 8, wherein the magnetic field generator is a rotatable magnetic field generator.
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