CN113007322A

CN113007322A - Gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four-grab

Info

Publication number: CN113007322A
Application number: CN202110241123.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵康; 严鉴铂; 刘义; 田远眺; 张银奇
Original assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-04
Filing date: 2021-03-04
Publication date: 2021-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-04
Also published as: CN113007322B

Abstract

The invention provides a gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four grabs, and aims to solve the technical problems that a grabber head is easy to frequently loosen in the gear shifting process of a synchronizer and the gear positioning needs to be repeatedly carried out for many times in a three-grab positioning and gear fixing mode. The gear is positioned by adopting the four specially designed grabbing heads, and the gear and the inner grab can be ensured to be coaxial only by adjusting the four grabbing heads to have the shortest and equal distance from the centers of the outer grab and the inner grab; in the process of shifting, it is difficult for becoming flexible to grab the locate mode than traditional three, can guarantee that the gear center is located the central point that grabs outward and grab in all the time and put, can not influence the performance of shifting.

Description

Gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four-grab

Technical Field

The invention relates to a gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four grippers.

Background

There are many gear positioning schemes, and a three-grab positioning and fixing mode is commonly used, as shown in fig. 1. The gear three-grab positioning and fixing mode comprises the following steps: (1) the centering rod 2 is arranged in the three-jaw 1, and the centering rod 2 is in interference fit with the three-jaw 1; (2) the gear 3 is arranged on the centering rod 2, and the centering rod 2 and the gear 3 are in interference fit, so that the gear 3, the centering rod 2 and the three grippers 1 are coaxial; (3) firstly, mounting a tooth-shaped grabbing head 4 on a three-grabbing arm, ensuring that the tooth-shaped grabbing head is shortest to the center of the three-grabbing arm and is fixed, and then fixing two plane grabbing heads 5, and ensuring that the plane grabbing head 5 is shortest to the center of the three-grabbing arm 1; (4) the tooth-shaped gripping head 4 is removed; (5) the gear 3 and the centering rod 2 are removed, and the gear 3 can be ensured to be arranged at the central position of the three-jaw 1 as long as the tooth-shaped gripping head 4 is ensured to have the shortest distance from the center of the three-jaw 3 in subsequent installation and the positions of the two plane gripping heads 4 are not moved. The above 5 steps can realize that the gear is fixed in the three-grab center, but certain problems exist in the using process.

Fig. 2 shows a use condition after the gear is fixedly mounted by using a three-grab positioning and fixing mode, the three-grab drives the gear to rotate to realize the gear shifting process of the synchronizer, and the three-grab positioning in the gear shifting process can cause the following problems: (1) the three grabbing heads are easy to frequently loosen, the gear is not in the center of the three grabbing heads after the three grabbing heads loosen, the gear shifting of the synchronizer is affected, and meanwhile, the gear shifting rack of the synchronizer is damaged; (2) if the three grippers are loosened, the gear needs to be positioned again by using the method shown in FIG. 1, and the positioning workload is too large.

Patent document CN 206065776U discloses a manual four-jaw two-linkage self-centering chuck, which has the following disadvantages: (1) the centering process is driven by a gear, the precision of gear transmission is difficult to ensure, and the centering process is not suitable for the working condition of high-speed rotation of a centered piece; (2) the number of components is large, the integral rotational inertia is large, and the synchronizer is not suitable for the working condition of the synchronizer; (3) the self-centering chuck disclosed by the scheme requires a large installation space and is not suitable for being used in a small space.

Patent document CN 208033701U discloses a four-jaw self-centering chuck for slewing bearing with jaws capable of moving in a single motion, which has the following disadvantages: (1) the centering process of the scheme is driven by extruding the lead screw, so that the whole mass is too large and the centering method is not suitable for the working condition of high-speed rotation of a centered piece; (2) the number of components is large, the integral rotational inertia is large, and the synchronizer is not suitable for the working condition of the synchronizer; (3) the required installation space is large, and the device is not suitable for small space.

In view of the structural characteristics of the two self-centering chucks, the two self-centering chucks are commonly used in the technical field of tool fixtures of mechanical manufacturing equipment and cannot be used for quickly installing and positioning gears under the gear shifting working condition of a synchronizer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four grabs, and aims to solve the technical problems that a grabber head is easy to frequently loosen in the gear shifting process of a synchronizer and the gear positioning needs to be repeatedly carried out for many times in a three-grab positioning and gear fixing mode.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on the four-grab is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, manufacturing and installing an inner grab and an outer grab

1.1 designing and manufacturing an inner grab and an outer grab; the inner grab and the outer grab respectively comprise a central circular ring and four grabbing head mounting arms which are arranged outside the central circular ring and extend out along the radial direction, and the grabbing head mounting arms are provided with strip holes for adjusting the positions of the grabbing heads; the shape and the size of the central ring of the outer grab are matched with those of the central ring of the inner grab; a plurality of mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the central ring of the outer grab along the circumference and used for mounting the outer grab on the rack;

1.2 installing the outer grab and the inner grab in an interference fit manner, ensuring the coaxiality of the outer grab and the inner grab, and arranging the grabbing head installation arms of the outer grab and the inner grab in a staggered manner;

step 2, selecting a gripper head

According to the number of the positioned gears, selecting a corresponding gripping head type:

if the number of the positioned gears is even, selecting two same gripping heads for the inner gripper, selecting two same gripping heads for the outer gripper, namely selecting two groove-shaped gripping heads/tooth-shaped gripping heads for the inner gripper, and selecting two groove-shaped gripping heads/tooth-shaped gripping heads for the outer gripper;

if the number of the positioned gears is odd, selecting two different gripping heads for the inner gripper, selecting two different gripping heads for the outer gripper, namely selecting one groove-shaped gripping head and one tooth-shaped gripping head for the inner gripper, and selecting one groove-shaped gripping head and one tooth-shaped gripping head for the outer gripper;

step 3, installing a grabbing head

Mounting the gripping head selected in the step 2 on a gripping head mounting arm of the outer gripper and the inner gripper;

step 4, adjusting and installing the positioned gear

The gear to be positioned is placed at the central circular ring of the inner grab and the outer grab, the positions of the grab heads on the outer grab and the inner grab head mounting arms and/or the staggered angles of the outer grab and the inner grab head mounting arms are adjusted, so that the four grab heads clamp the teeth of the gear to be positioned, the distance between the four grab heads and the circle centers of the central circular ring of the inner grab and the central circular ring of the outer grab is shortest and equal, and at the moment, the gear to be positioned is positioned at the centers of the inner grab and the outer grab.

Further, in step 1 and step 2, if the number of the positioning gears is even, the gripping heads on the inner grab and the outer grab can be the same.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the gear shifting device adopts the four grabbing heads with special design to position the gear, is not easy to loosen compared with the traditional three-grabbing positioning mode in the gear shifting process, can ensure that the center of the gear is always positioned at the central positions of the outer grab and the inner grab, and cannot influence the gear shifting performance.

2. The gear is not easy to loosen after being positioned by adopting the method of the invention, so that the gear does not need to be positioned for many times.

3. The positioning and mounting method is simple and convenient, and the gears and the inner grab can be ensured to be coaxial only by adjusting the four grabbing heads to have the shortest and equal distance from the centers of the outer grab and the inner grab.

4. The synchronizer gear shifting device has the advantages of few used parts, small mass and small rotational inertia, can be suitable for the working condition of high-speed rotation (3000RPM), and can be used as the synchronous inertia in the gear shifting process of the synchronizer.

5. The invention needs small installation space and can be used in occasions with limited installation space.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method for fixing a gear by using a three-grip positioning and fixing manner, wherein fig. (1) to (5) correspond to five steps of fixing the gear by using the three-grip positioning and fixing manner respectively.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the use condition after the gear is fixedly installed in a three-grab positioning and fixing manner.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the positioning of a gear having an even number of teeth using the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the positioning of a gear with an odd number of teeth using the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic reverse side view of the outer grip of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the outer grip of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic reverse side view of the inner grip of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic front view of the inner grip of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the four grab installation of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a view of the four-grab installation in use of the present invention.

Reference numbers in fig. 1-2 illustrate:

1-three grab; 2-a centering rod; 3-a gear; 4-a toothed gripper head; 5-plane gripper head.

Reference numbers in fig. 3-10 illustrate:

1-a gear; 2-a toothed gripper head; 5-external grasping; 6-internal grasping; 51. 61-central circular ring; 52. 62-a gripper head mounting arm; 53. 63 long holes; 54-mounting holes; 7-groove type gripping head; 8-long holes.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a four-grab-based gear rapid positioning and mounting method, which comprises the following steps of:

step 1, installing an inner grab and an outer grab

1.1 designing and making the outer grab as shown in figures 5-6 and the inner grab as shown in figures 7-8; the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6 respectively comprise a central

circular ring

51, 61 and four grabbing

head mounting arms

52, 62 which are arranged outside the central circular ring and extend out along the radial direction, and the grabbing

head mounting arms

52, 62 are provided with

strip holes

53, 63 for adjusting the grabbing head position; the central ring 51 of the outer grab 5 is matched with the central ring 61 of the inner grab 6 in shape and size; a plurality of mounting holes 54 are uniformly distributed on the central ring 51 of the outer grab 5 along the circumference, and the mounting holes 54 are used for fixedly mounting the outer grab on a rack (such as a synchronizer single test rack);

1.2 installing the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6 in an interference fit manner, so that the central circular rings of the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6 are kept coaxial, and the grabbing

head installation arms

52 and 62 of the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6 are staggered in position; grab 5 and interior 6 interference fit installation backs outside, can rotate relatively between the two, can adjust the crisscross angle between grabbing 5 and interior 6 outside when follow-up installation positioning gear like this, but after the gear is fixed in follow-up installation, because the gear is grabbed the head chucking, the gear, grab and interior three of grabbing admittedly even as an organic whole, grab 5 and interior 6 of grabbing just can not take place relative rotation outside, consequently grab 5 and interior and grab and can not wear and tear between 6, can ensure that the interference fit between the two can not change in the follow-up use, guarantee its axiality.

Step 2, selecting a gripper head

if the number of the positioned gears is even, the two grabbing heads on the inner grab are the same, and the two grabbing heads on the outer grab are the same, namely the inner grab can be provided with two tooth-shaped grabbing heads or two groove-shaped grabbing heads, the outer grab can be provided with two tooth-shaped grabbing heads or two groove-shaped grabbing heads, and the inner grab and the outer grab can be provided with two tooth-shaped grabbing heads or two groove-shaped grabbing heads; in the embodiment, four toothed gripping heads 2 are selected, and two toothed gripping heads 2 are respectively arranged on the inner gripper 5 and the outer gripper 6, as shown in fig. 3;

if the number of the positioned gears is odd, the two grabbing heads on the inner grab are different, and the two grabbing heads on the outer grab are different, namely, a tooth-shaped grabbing head 2 and a groove-shaped grabbing head 7 are arranged on the inner grab 5, and a tooth-shaped grabbing head 2 and a groove-shaped grabbing head 7 are arranged on the outer grab 6, as shown in fig. 4;

step 3, installing a grabbing head

Mounting the gripping head selected in the step 2 on the gripping head mounting arms of the outer gripper 5 and the inner gripper 6, as shown in fig. 9;

step 4, adjusting and installing the positioned gear

Placing the positioned gear at the central rings of the inner grab and the outer grab, adjusting the positions of the grab heads on the grab

head mounting arms

52 and 62 of the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6 and/or adjusting the staggered angle of the outer grab 5 and the inner grab 6;

when the number of teeth of the positioned gear 1 is even, if the four grabbing heads are adjusted to have equal and shortest distance from the center circle centers of the central circular rings of the inner grab and the outer grab, the positioned gear 3 is positioned at the centers of the inner grab 6 and the outer grab 5;

when the number of teeth of the positioned gear 3 is odd, if the four gripping heads are adjusted to have equal and shortest distance from the center circle centers of the central circular rings of the inner gripper and the outer gripper, the positioned gear 3 is positioned at the centers of the inner gripper 6 and the outer gripper 5.

Fig. 10 is a use state diagram of positioning and mounting the gear on the synchronizer single body test bench by using the invention, and practical verification proves that the positioning and mounting of the gear by using the invention is rapid and reliable and is not easy to loosen.

The principle of the invention is as follows:

the normal gear is a structure symmetrical around a central axis, and assuming that the gear is cut through a tooth tip center position of the gear and through a gear center,

if the number of teeth of the gear is even, the other end of the corresponding cut gear is inevitably the tooth top center position, so that two identical grabbing heads are selected, the gear is fixed and guaranteed to pass through a symmetrical plane of inner grabbing and outer grabbing, and the gear center simultaneously passes through central planes of the two grabbing heads, so that the gear and the inner and outer grabbing can be guaranteed to be coaxial.

If the number of teeth of the gear is odd, the other end of the corresponding cut gear is inevitably at the center of the tooth socket, two different grabbing heads are selected, the gear is fixed and guaranteed to pass through a symmetrical plane of the inner grabbing head and the outer grabbing head, and the gear is guaranteed to be coaxial with the inner grabbing head and the outer grabbing head when the gear passes through the central planes of the two grabbing heads.

Claims

1. A gear rapid positioning and mounting method based on four grabs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, manufacturing and installing an inner grab and an outer grab

step 2, selecting a gripper head

step 3, installing a grabbing head

step 4, adjusting and installing the positioned gear

2. The four-grab based gear quick positioning and mounting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1 and step 2, if the number of teeth of the positioning gear is even, the gripping heads on the inner gripper and the outer gripper can be the same.