CN113003586A - 沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法 - Google Patents
沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113003586A CN113003586A CN202110230906.2A CN202110230906A CN113003586A CN 113003586 A CN113003586 A CN 113003586A CN 202110230906 A CN202110230906 A CN 202110230906A CN 113003586 A CN113003586 A CN 113003586A
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- Prior art keywords
- brine
- water
- salt
- seawater
- solar
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Classifications
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,通过对海水、风能、太阳能资源能充分利用,把海盐露天结晶工艺操作变为室内结晶工艺操作,实现机械化和自动化,露天太阳池喷雾立体蒸发浓缩制卤采用自动化控制,节约劳动力,提高劳动效率。传统工艺利用海水在滩田内晒水蒸发浓缩只生产盐及废卤水,现在工艺有清洁能源、淡水、低钠饮料、种植海洋蔬菜、养殖鱼、虾、卤虫和生产卤虫蛋白、多品种多功能海晶盐、水溶肥、水产养殖营养液、培植盐藻和利用盐藻生产胡萝卜素及其他十几种产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及资源与清洁能源综合利用技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法。
背景技术
(一)资源利用率低,造成资源的极大浪费。
传统露天滩晒制盐工艺,产1吨海盐,理论上需要用3.5°Bé海水45m3左右,但因为露天滩晒,土地的渗漏,就得使用70m3以上,经过多步多天的露天滩晒,最后得到1吨海盐和1.3m3饱和废卤水,若把1.3m3饱和废卤水加工为其他化工产品,包括海盐在内工业产值不超700元,产1吨海盐需海水70m3,渗漏占了40%,蒸发了40m3多淡水,资源利用率极低。
传统露天滩晒制盐生产的主要设备:储水池、制卤池及结晶池的生产面积为有效生产面积95%以上。比如湛江市的雷州、徐闻,年产1万吨盐占用土地面积为140~160公顷,湛江市北部至广东省粤东地区年产1万吨盐占用土地面积为220~240公顷,年产1万吨盐的年工业产值为500万元左右,利用土地资源作为产盐单位面积产值很低,也是极大浪费。
(二)设备落后,机械程度低,工艺手工操作劳动负荷重。
传统南方盐田都是利用沿海滩涂建造而成,制卤及结晶生产工艺都占用很大的滩晒面积,并且是露天作业,产量不稳定。一般年产100吨盐的盐田就需要配置1.5个劳力,除了扬水用机械外,收盐和运盐,都得手工操作,操作技术含量低、生产效率低,经济效益差,劳动报酬少,劳动负荷重,工人难雇。
(三)工艺及设备运行抗灾能力差,溶盐损卤损失大。
传统南方露天滩晒制盐生产中,为提高制卤和结晶能力,一般滩池的晒水深度为8~15厘米左右,露天浅晒,抗灾能力差,下雨时卤水浓度容易被冲淡,严重造成溶盐损卤现象,生产损失大,一般为年生产总量的12%以上。
(四)没有充分利用海水资源,产品低值且结构单一,企业经济效益差。
海水经滩晒浓缩到饱和结晶出盐后,还有大量的废卤水。因南方盐田分散,废卤水收集困难,没有综合利用,没有产生新的经济增长点;产品为粗盐,不溶物多,不符合食用卫生标准,工业产值低;盐田储水池面积空间很大,没有利用空间进行光伏发电和风能发电增加收入,没有充分利用不同浓度的水域来种植和养殖,如卤虫、海洋蔬菜、盐藻和利用盐藻生产红胡萝卜素等经济效益很好的产品。
(五)没有以海盐为载体,利用高新技术进行海盐衍生物深加工,提高产值。
海盐的原料为海水。海水成分中各元素与人身体元素基本相同,若产海盐的水域没有工业污染,产出的盐是最环保的。经高新科技配制很多高端的产品:如功能盐、保健盐、珍珠钙盐、甲壳素盐、壳聚糖盐、盐藻盐等,会有非常好的经济效益。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:构造一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,包括:
海水纳潮:纳潮管入口设置于离岸500米以上的深水区,管入口设置过滤网防止杂物进入;
蓄水池光伏发电及生物养殖种植:向蓄水池中引入海水纳潮得到天然海水,使海水得到沉淀净化;在蓄水池水域粗养鱼虾和种植海洋蔬菜,利用蓄水池的水面空间的2/3安装光伏发电,提供清洁能源;
海水淡化生成淡水、工农业和生活用水:从蓄水池中引进经过沉淀净化的海水,经过滤、消毒、沉淀、再过滤进入反渗透淡化设备淡化,生产两种水,其一为6°Bé以上的浓盐水,作为盐业生产原料;另一为淡水,经消毒、净化作为工农业用水和生活用水;
太阳能风力发电导流塔与太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发及养卤虫:从海水淡化产生的浓盐水采用导流塔与太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发浓缩,导流塔装置整体为双曲线导流塔,塔顶安装透平风力发电装置,塔身覆盖太阳能集热材料,受太阳光照射加热后,筒体内的空气温度比外面高25℃以上,筒体内气流上升速度快,与外部风力共同推动风轮发电;筒体内进行喷雾蒸发浓缩,浓盐水浓度升高到14°Bé左右;将浓海水引入太阳池,以进行储卤保卤,提高蒸发率,本系统蒸发率相较目前的蒸发池提高8-16倍。(该系统已经申请实用新型专利:一种蒸发结晶系统,专利申请号:20200842790.9)。太阳池中浓盐水同时可以养殖卤虫;
热泵空气吹溴:将太阳池中浓度为14°Bé左右的浓盐水(卤水)引入吹溴塔进行吹溴,然后引入酸化罐酸化后,使浓盐水中的溴离子变为溴分子游离于卤水中,溴的混合溶液从溴素冷凝器顶部加入经底部流出,热空气从溴素冷凝器底吹入往溴素冷凝器顶吹出,使卤水达到蒸发浓缩,卤水浓度由14°Bé左右蒸发浓缩到17°Bé以上排出;利用热泵的制热及制冷功能,空气加热的热能由热泵提供,水蒸汽的冷凝有热泵提供冷能;
机械压缩蒸发制卤及回收离子水配制碱性饮料:采用MVR设备进行机械压缩蒸发。将卤水的浓度由17°Bé浓缩到24.5°Bé左右,为下一工序准备卤源。水蒸汽冷却后为离子水,经过再配制可生产低钠饮料产品;
高压喷雾与热泵热空气混合汽化真空闪蒸结晶:对24.5°Bé左右的卤水进行过滤,输入高压泵经机械加压,在静压环境下,变为饱和卤水,经热空气混合发生器高压喷雾,产生极细微粒形成液膜与热泵热空气进入热空气混合发生器混合汽化,再进入真空闪蒸爆汽蒸发结晶器内爆汽蒸发,蒸汽被水喷射流器抽真空吸走,及冷凝变水混合为液体,此时卤水经混合汽化真空蒸发浓缩后浓度为28°Bé,有大量氯化钠析出与卤水混合在真空闪蒸爆汽蒸发结晶器内,在搅拌器搅拌下结晶盐颗粒变大为盐粒与盐液混合物排出;
原生态海盐加工:将盐粒与盐液混合物经过螺旋洗盐机洗涤,把饱和卤水与盐粒初步分离,饱和卤水用于生产水溶肥和水产养殖营养液;分离出来的盐粒带有比较多的镁离子,采用高纯度卤水与其混合把镁离子置换生成氯化镁溶于溶液中,氯化钠置换析出,得到高质量的海盐;
水溶肥及水产养殖营养液生产线:饱和废卤水中含钠、钾、镁、钙和氯离子等,基本是植物生长需要的元素,但钠元素对土壤和植物生长不利,在生产水溶肥时,把卤水中钠离子置换出来,方法是加入适量氯化钾和硝酸钠,置换析出的氯化钠作海盐产品;换析出氯化钠后,在废卤水中加入其他水溶肥原料合成水溶肥产品,熟化后,过滤、计量、灌装和包装。
最后,饱和废卤水和天然海水复配,可以培植盐藻,利用盐藻可以生产胡萝卜素。其中,根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在原生态海盐加工过程中,换析氯化钠的过程是在离子置换调浆搅拌器进行,调浆完成后的混合液要在脱水离心机进行固液分离,固体产品盐的含水量一般控制在3.5%,滤液含有细微盐粒,加水溶解沉淀澄清,溶液为高纯度饱和卤水,作为离子置换调浆使用;产品盐含水量为3.5%,在储存过程易结块,储存不方便;利用热空气与盐逆向对流加热,把水蒸发带走,使产品水分含量降至2%以下,此海盐产品为合格品。
其中,根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,水溶肥、水产养殖营养液的生产工艺及设备相同,只有原料及配方不同,水产养殖营养液使用废卤水原料,直接加其他原料使用;而水溶肥使用废卤水原料,要经过处理,除去氯化钠才能作为生产水溶肥的原料。
其中,根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在热泵空气吹溴过程中,热泵输入1千瓦功率得到5千瓦的热能输出。
其中,根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,太阳池采用防渗漏材料砌墙硬底化,太阳池深度为1.6米,晒水深度1.3米,为防止渗漏,内部设置溢水闸、流动蒸发输卤槽、水泵及管线。
其中,根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在制卤浓度由10°Bé提纯至14°Bé步骤中,卤水溶液内硫酸钙基本沉淀析出至太阳池池底,经科学处理作为食品级别销售。
本发明的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,通过对海水、风能、太阳能资源能充分利用,传统工艺利用海水在滩田内晒水蒸发浓缩只生产盐及废卤水,现在工艺有清洁能源、淡水、低钠饮料、种植海洋蔬菜、养殖鱼、虾、卤虫和生产卤虫蛋白、多品种多功能海晶盐、水溶肥、水产养殖营养液、培植盐藻和利用盐藻生产胡萝卜素及其他十几种产品。把海盐露天结晶工艺操作变为室内结晶工艺操作,全部实现机械化和自动化,露天太阳池喷雾立体蒸发浓缩制卤采用自动化控制,节约劳动力,提高劳动效率。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明提供的一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,包括:
1、海水纳潮:步骤(一)
海水纳潮海域与生产系统排淡海域分开,纳潮水管开在深海处。因为海面上的水浓度低,微生物多影响海水质量。纳潮管入口应离岸500米的深水区,管入口设置过滤网防止杂物进入。
2、蓄水池光伏发电及生物养殖种植:步骤(二)
蓄水池面积为盐田有效生产面积的2~3%左右,主要防止潮水低,抽不够生产用水而影响生产。步骤(一)向蓄水池中引入海水纳潮得到天然海水,使海水得到沉淀净化;在蓄水池水域粗养鱼虾和种植海洋蔬菜,利用蓄水池的水面空间的2/3安装光伏发电,提供清洁能源,蓄水池面积为滩晒制盐总面积2~2.5%,年产1万吨海盐规模的装机发电容量为2兆瓦以上。
3、海水淡化及淡水、工农业和生活用水:步骤(三)
旧盐田初级蒸发池中,滩晒盐水浓度5°Bé以下的滩晒池面积,大概占盐田总生产面积的40%左右,占总蒸发水分50~60%,是没有回收利用的。从步骤(二)引进2°Bé以下海水经过滤,消毒、沉淀、再过滤进入反渗透淡化设备淡化,出来两种水,一是淡水,经消毒、净化作为工农业用水和生活用水。二是浓度6°Bé以上的浓盐水作为制盐原料,节约原蒸发池总面积40%以上。
4、太阳能风力发电与导流塔太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发及养卤虫:步骤(四)
传统盐田制卤工艺6~10°Bé为中级蒸发池,晒水深度在15公分左右,占地面积大,蒸发效率低,雨季溶卤损失大,一般损失在年总产量12%以上。本发明利用太阳池晒水深度比较深、卤水有盐度梯度差的功能,做到吸热、蓄热、储卤等。晒水深提高蒸发效率20%左右;加安装流动蒸发装置提高蒸发效率达70%以上,节约原制卤总面积85%以上,太阳池采用防渗漏材料砌墙硬底化,太阳池深度为1.6米左右,晒水深度1.3米左右,为防止渗漏,内部设置溢水闸、流动蒸发输卤槽、水泵及管线,设有自动喷雾和流动蒸发装置,四周边设有循环槽及溢水装置等,太阳池面积小了,相应渗漏少。同时该太阳池可以养殖卤虫,提高经济价值。
步骤(三)出来的浓盐水采用导流塔与太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发浓缩,导流塔装置整体为双曲线导流塔,塔顶安装透平风力发电装置,塔身覆盖太阳能集热材料,受太阳光照射加热后,筒体内的空气温度比外面高25℃以上,筒体内气流上升速度快,与外部风力共同推动风轮发电;筒体内进行喷雾蒸发浓缩,浓盐水浓度升高到14°Bé左右;将浓盐水引入太阳池,以进行储卤保卤,提高蒸发率,本系统蒸发率相较目前的蒸发池提高8-16倍。(该系统已经申请实用新型专利:一种蒸发结晶系统,专利申请号:20200842790.9)。当制卤浓度由10°Bé到14°Bé时,卤水溶液内硫酸钙基本沉淀析出。由于太阳池硬底化,硫酸钙产品品质很高,经科学处理可作为食品级别销售。
步骤(三)的6°Bé卤水进行蒸发的同时还能养殖卤虫,因为以上卤水浓度最适宜卤虫生长,在此养殖卤虫还能净化卤水,提高卤水质量,保证盐产品质量。养殖卤虫的成本比较低,在正常天气大概15~20天采捕一次,每亩产量大约150~200公斤。这种工艺既保证盐的产量,又能增加制盐行业新的经济增长点。
太阳池可以养卤虫,卤虫可以鲜品销售,也可以进行深加工为卤虫干和卤虫蛋白。
5、热泵空气吹溴:步骤(五)
卤水浓度为12°Bé时,溴素的含量比较高,适合进行空气吹溴生产。本发明利用热泵空气吹溴,溴蒸汽冷却利用热泵制冷冷凝回收溴素产品。空气吹溴工艺利用热空气的吸湿和解湿过程,使卤水能进一步浓缩。步骤(四)来的卤水溶液在14°Bé时,溴分子的含量约为0.5~0.6g/L,利用该浓度卤水空气吹溴为中浓度卤水吹溴工艺,卤水经过酸化后,使卤水的溴离子变为溴分子游离于卤水中。溴的混合溶液从溴塔顶部加入经塔底流出,热空气从溴塔底吹入往塔顶吹出,由于对流作用使热空气与卤水充分接触。这过程是热空气的吸湿和解湿过程,使卤水达到蒸发浓缩,卤水由10~14°Bé蒸发浓缩到17°Bé以上排出。利用热泵的制热及制冷功能,空气加热的热能由热泵提供,该步骤水蒸汽的冷凝有热泵提冷能。采用热泵提供热能及冷能,因为热泵输入1千瓦功率能得到5千瓦的热能输出。
6、机械压缩蒸发制卤及回收离子水配制碱性饮料:步骤(六)
因步骤(五)来的卤水只有17°Bé,还未达到饱和,不符合高压喷雾闪蒸发结晶要求,故此采用MVR设备机械压缩蒸发。利用热泵加热卤水温度达到60℃,利用机械压缩蒸发,将卤水的浓度由17°Bé浓缩到24.5°Bé,为下一工序准备卤源,水蒸汽冷却为离子水、再经过配制为碱性饮料产品。
7.1、高压喷雾与热泵热空气混合汽化真空闪蒸结晶:步骤(七-1)
根据氯化钠的析出规律,卤水浓度为28°Bé时,每立方卤水析出氯化钠为207kg,即5m3浓度25°Bé的卤水浓缩到28°Bé实,产氯化钠(海盐)1000kg,氯化镁140kg,硫酸镁62.5kg,氯化钾40kg和废卤水1.3m3。
步骤(六)出来的卤水为24.5°Bé还未饱和,没有氯化钠析出。首先过滤,进入高压泵经机械加压到0.13MPa压力,在静压的系统内,溶液变为饱和水,经混合发生器的高压喷嘴喷雾,产生极细的微粒形成液膜与热泵的热空气进入混合发生器混合汽化,再进入真空闪蒸器内爆汽蒸发,水蒸汽被水喷射器以抽真空的方式吸走后,通过热泵的冷剂蒸发冷却为冷凝水,冷凝水在10℃以下,可以提高真空闪蒸器的真空度,提高工作效率。卤水经混合汽化真空蒸发浓缩后浓度为28°Bé,此时在闪蒸器内有大量氯化钠晶体与饱和卤水混合,在搅拌器搅拌下结晶盐颗粒变大与盐液混合物排出。
本创新集成系统,采用高压喷雾与热空气混合汽化,真空闪蒸结晶工艺,使海盐解决室外变成室内进行,完全实现自动化和工厂化。工艺参数:系统静压为大于120kPa,年产万吨盐设备容积23m3,容积喷雾流量为55L/min时,热空气温度为80℃,容器的内压力为0.01MPa,为使产品结晶均匀在真空闪蒸结晶器设有搅拌装置,排料为连续与间隔形式相结合。
7.2、原生态海盐加工:步骤(七-2)
步骤(七-1)送来盐液混合物,经过螺旋洗盐洗涤,把28°Bé卤水与盐初步分离,28°Bé卤水去综合利用生产水溶肥和水产养殖营养液;分离出来的盐带有比较多的镁离子,故此采用高纯度卤水与其混合把镁离子置换生成氯化镁溶于溶液中,氯化钠置换析出。调浆过程,把固液比变为40~50%左右。该工序在离子置换调浆搅拌器进行;调浆完成后的混合液要在脱水离心机进行固液分离,固体产品盐的含水量一般控制在3.5%,滤液含有细微盐粒,加水溶解沉淀澄清,溶液为高纯度饱和卤水,作为离子置换调浆使用;产品盐含水量为3.5%,在储存过程易结块,食用时不方便。利用热空气与盐逆向对流加热,把水蒸发带走,使产品水分含量降至2%以下,此产品方为合格品。该工序采用热风风车管道输送达到要求,进行分筛,不同颗粒分开计量包装。颗粒小的作为多品种、高档盐的母盐。
步骤(七-2)的主要设备:盐浆泵、螺旋洗盐槽、离子置换调浆槽、增稠器、离心机、螺旋输送机、热风管道输送系统、直线振动冷却分筛机、电子秤和手提缝包机、空气过滤器、鼓风机、空气热泵、旋风分离器、抽风机、水汽除尘器、排空管等。
8、水溶肥及水产养殖营养液生产线:步骤(八)
步骤(七-2)离心脱水的滤液为28°Bé卤水,含钠、钾、镁、钙和氯离子等,基本是植物生长需要的元素,但钠元素对土壤和植物生长不利。在生产水溶肥时,首先把卤水中钠离子置换出来,方法是加入适量氯化钾和硝酸钠,置换析出的氯化钠作盐产品的原料,其废卤水作水溶肥原料,并加入植物源黄腐植酸原料和其他原料在搅拌反应罐内进行酸化和碱化合成黄腐殖酸混合物基料,再根据产品质量校准,添加有机养分和无机养分,在搅拌混合罐内络合与螯合,然后间歇搅拌熟化72小时后,过滤、计量、灌装和包装等。另外,水产养殖营养液的生产工艺及设备相同,只有原料及配方不同,使用28°Bé卤水原料,直接加料使用。
本发明不但有传统产品盐,而且有以盐为载体的衍生物为多种功能盐,还有弱碱性矿物饮料、卤虫及卤虫深加工产品、水溶肥、水产养殖营养液、原煤燃料添加剂等多种产品等。
区别于现有技术:
1.本发明技术集成方法使海水、风能、太阳能资源能充分利用,以往旧工艺利用海水在滩田内晒水蒸发浓缩只产到盐及一些废卤,现在有发电、淡水、弱碱性饮料、鱼、虾、藻类、海洋蔬菜、卤虫和卤虫蛋白饲料添加剂、原生态海盐、多品种功能盐、水溶肥、水产养殖营养液及其他十几种产品。
2.本发明技术集成方法节约大量土地,按传统工艺方法,为原年产盐规模,新技术集成方法,只用原来面积的1/10,节约90%以上土地资源。
3.本发明高新技术集成工业产值为旧工艺50倍以上,年利润为原40倍。
4.本发明采用太阳池立体蒸发池制卤工艺采用集中监控,实现自动化控制与操作系统。
5.本发明创造性把海盐露天结晶工艺操作变为室内结晶工艺操作,全部实现机械化和自动化,露天太阳池喷雾立体蒸发浓缩制卤采用自动化控制,节约劳动力,劳动力使用为原来1/50,提高劳动效率10倍。
6.本发明高新技术集成方法,采用的能源为本生产线内配套的可再生能源,达到零排放标准。
7.本发明高新技术集成方法,海盐生产过程附加高端产品增加,从而增加其他就业人数50人等。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,包括:
海水纳潮:纳潮管入口设置于离岸500米以上的深水区,管入口设置过滤网防止杂物进入;
蓄水池光伏发电及生物养殖种植:向蓄水池中引入海水纳潮得到天然海水,使海水得到沉淀净化;在蓄水池水域粗养鱼虾和种植海洋蔬菜,利用蓄水池的水面空间的2/3安装光伏发电,提供清洁能源;
海水淡化生成淡水、工农业和生活用水:从蓄水池中引进经过沉淀净化的海水,经过滤、消毒、沉淀、再过滤进入反渗透淡化设备淡化,生产两种水,其一为6°Bé以上的浓盐水,作为盐业生产原料;另一为淡水,经消毒、净化作为工农业用水和生活用水;
太阳能风力发电导流塔与太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发及养卤虫:从海水淡化产生的浓盐水采用导流塔与太阳池立体喷雾流动蒸发浓缩,导流塔装置整体为双曲线导流塔,塔顶安装透平风力发电装置,塔身覆盖太阳能集热材料,受太阳光照射加热后,筒体内的空气温度比外面高25℃以上,筒体内气流上升速度快,与外部风力共同推动风轮发电;筒体内进行喷雾蒸发浓缩,浓盐水浓度升高到14°Bé左右;将浓海水引入太阳池,以进行储卤保卤,提高蒸发率,本系统蒸发率相较目前的蒸发池提高8-16倍。(该系统已经申请实用新型专利:一种蒸发结晶系统,专利申请号:20200842790.9)。太阳池中浓盐水同时可以养殖卤虫;
热泵空气吹溴:将太阳池中浓度为14°Bé左右的浓盐水(卤水)引入吹溴塔进行吹溴,然后引入酸化罐酸化后,使浓盐水中的溴离子变为溴分子游离于卤水中,溴的混合溶液从溴素冷凝器顶部加入经底部流出,热空气从溴素冷凝器底吹入往溴素冷凝器顶吹出,使卤水达到蒸发浓缩,卤水浓度由14°Bé左右蒸发浓缩到17°Bé以上排出;利用热泵的制热及制冷功能,空气加热的热能由热泵提供,水蒸汽的冷凝有热泵提供冷能;
机械压缩蒸发制卤及回收离子水配制碱性饮料:采用MVR设备进行机械压缩蒸发。将卤水的浓度由17°Bé浓缩到24.5°Bé左右,为下一工序准备卤源。水蒸汽冷却后为离子水,经过再配制可生产低钠饮料产品;
高压喷雾与热泵热空气混合汽化真空闪蒸结晶:对24.5°Bé左右的卤水进行过滤,输入高压泵经机械加压,在静压环境下,变为饱和卤水,经热空气混合发生器高压喷雾,产生极细微粒形成液膜与热泵热空气进入热空气混合发生器混合汽化,再进入真空闪蒸爆汽蒸发结晶器内爆汽蒸发,蒸汽被水喷射流器抽真空吸走及冷凝变水混合为液体,此时卤水经混合汽化真空蒸发浓缩后浓度为28°Bé,有大量氯化钠析出与卤水混合在真空闪蒸爆汽蒸发结晶器内,在搅拌器搅拌下结晶盐颗粒变大为盐粒与盐液混合物排出;
原生态海盐加工:将盐粒与盐液混合物经过螺旋洗盐机洗涤,把饱和卤水与盐粒初步分离,饱和卤水用于生产水溶肥和水产养殖营养液;分离出来的盐粒带有比较多的镁离子,采用高纯度卤水与其混合把镁离子置换生成氯化镁溶于溶液中,氯化钠置换析出,得到高质量的海盐;
水溶肥及水产养殖营养液生产线:饱和废卤水中含钠、钾、镁、钙和氯离子等,基本是植物生长需要的元素,但钠元素对土壤和植物生长不利,在生产水溶肥时,把卤水中钠离子置换出来,方法是加入适量氯化钾和硝酸钠,置换析出的氯化钠作海盐产品;换析出氯化钠 后,在废卤水中加入其他水溶肥原料合成水溶肥产品,熟化后,过滤、计量、灌装和包装。
最后,饱和废卤水和天然海水复配,可以培植盐藻,利用盐藻可以生产胡萝卜素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在原生态海盐加工过程中,换析氯化钠的过程是在离子置换调浆搅拌器进行,调浆完成后的混合液要在脱水离心机进行固液分离,固体产品盐的含水量一般控制在3.5%,滤液含有细微盐粒,加水溶解沉淀澄清,溶液为高纯度饱和卤水,作为离子置换调浆使用;产品盐含水量为3.5%,在储存过程易结块,储存不方便;利用热空气与盐逆向对流加热,把水蒸发带走,使产品水分含量降至2%以下,此海盐产品为合格品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,水溶肥、水产养殖营养液的生产工艺及设备相同,只有原料及配方不同,水产养殖营养液使用废卤水原料,直接加其他原料使用;而水溶肥使用废卤水原料,要经过处理,除去氯化钠才能作为生产水溶肥的原料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在热泵空气吹溴过程中,热泵输入1千瓦功率得到5千瓦的热能输出。
5.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,太阳池采用防渗漏材料砌墙硬底化,太阳池深度为1.6米,晒水深度1.3米,为防止渗漏,内部设置溢水闸、流动蒸发输卤槽、水泵及管线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的沿海滩涂、海水、风能和太阳能综合利用产业化的方法,其特征在于,在制卤浓度由10°Bé提纯至14°Bé步骤中,卤水溶液内硫酸钙基本沉淀析出至太阳池池底,经科学处理作为食品级别销售。
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