CN113001015A - Thick metal plate laser welding head based on double-focus reflector and welding method - Google Patents
Thick metal plate laser welding head based on double-focus reflector and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113001015A CN113001015A CN202110316515.2A CN202110316515A CN113001015A CN 113001015 A CN113001015 A CN 113001015A CN 202110316515 A CN202110316515 A CN 202110316515A CN 113001015 A CN113001015 A CN 113001015A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector and a welding method, wherein the welding head comprises an incident sleeve, an emergent sleeve and a connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is respectively and vertically connected with the incident sleeve and the emergent sleeve, an entrance of the incident sleeve is connected with a collimating mirror, a plane reflector arranged at an angle of 45 degrees is arranged at the joint of the incident sleeve and the connecting sleeve, a dual-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector is arranged at the joint of the connecting sleeve and the emergent sleeve, the curved surface of the dual-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector comprises a first rotation symmetrical paraboloid and a second rotation symmetrical paraboloid, a wire feeding mechanism is obliquely and fixedly arranged at the outer side of the emergent sleeve, the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding welding wires to the surface of a welded plate, two plasma holes are formed by the dual-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector, the thick plate is melted through, the condition that the upper surface is melted and the lower surface is not melted when the thick plate is welded due to insufficient focal depth is avoided, and beveling is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a double-focus reflector and a welding method.
Background
According to GB/T14574-2016 Steel product Classification, a slab generally refers to a steel sheet having a thickness of 20mm or more. The thick plate is welded by using the traditional methods such as arc welding or plasma welding, and the like, and the groove is usually required to be formed, because the convergence and the collimation of the heat source are not high, the fusion depth is insufficient during welding, namely the depth-to-width ratio of a welding line is not large enough, the back surface cannot be penetrated through at one time, or the back surface welding line is not formed well, so that the welding quality cannot be ensured. The laser has good directionality, collimation degree and high power density, when the power density reaches over 106W/cm2, the interaction of the laser and the material generates plasma to form keyhole effect, thus realizing deep fusion welding, and the depth-to-width ratio of the welding line reaches over 10:1 and far exceeds the depth-to-width ratio of arc welding or plasma welding. Therefore, the steel plate welding with the thickness of more than 20mm can be directly finished without grooving in many cases, so that the working procedures and working hours are saved, and the production efficiency is improved. However, if the plate thickness exceeds 30mm, and even reaches 100mm or more, beveling is required for laser welding. This is because the laser focus is limited by the focal depth of the lens, and it is difficult to obtain the focal depth of 100mm in the conventional laser focusing lens. Chinese patent CN201711214448.2 discloses a bifocal high-speed laser cladding method, which adopts a double curvature lens to realize the double focusing of parallel incident light. However, laser welding thick plates requires high laser power and good cooling of the lens is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector and a welding method, wherein two plasma keyhole are formed by using the bifocal reflector, the thick plate is melted through, the welding is completed, the condition that the upper surface is melted and the lower surface is not melted when the thick plate is welded due to insufficient focal depth is avoided, and the beveling is generally not needed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector comprises an incident sleeve, an emergent sleeve and a connecting sleeve which are arranged above a welded plate, wherein the incident sleeve and the emergent sleeve are arranged in parallel, the connecting sleeve is respectively and vertically connected with the incident sleeve and the emergent sleeve, the incident sleeve, the emergent sleeve and the connecting sleeve are communicated to form a cavity with the same inner diameter, an inlet of the incident sleeve is connected with a collimating mirror, a collimating lens of the collimating mirror is parallel to the axis of the incident sleeve, a joint of the incident sleeve and the connecting sleeve is provided with a plane reflector, the plane reflector and the axis of the incident sleeve are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, a joint of the connecting sleeve and the emergent sleeve is provided with a biformotary symmetrical paraboloid reflector, and the curved surface of the biformotary symmetrical paraboloid reflector comprises a first rotational symmetrical paraboloid and a second rotational symmetrical paraboloid, and the outer side of the emergent sleeve is obliquely and fixedly provided with a wire feeding mechanism, and the wire feeding mechanism feeds welding wires to the surface of the welded plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and circulating water paths are arranged on the back surfaces of the plane reflector and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the plane reflector and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector are made of red copper.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding mechanism body and a wire feeding guide pipe fixedly arranged in the middle of the wire feeding mechanism body, wherein the wire feeding guide pipe adopts a coaxial double-layer guide pipe, the center of the guide pipe is used for conveying a welding wire, and a guide pipe interlayer is used for introducing protective gas.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the protective gas is argon.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and a protective lens is arranged at the outlet of the emergent sleeve.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: a thick metal plate laser welding method based on a bifocal reflector comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the requirements of the laser welding process, calculating the focal distance d necessary for butt deep fusion welding of two welded plates with equal thickness1：
d1＝kD，
Wherein k is 0.5-0.8, and D is the thickness of the welded plate;
s2: manufacturing a double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector:
the parabolic equations of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid and the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid are respectively set as follows:
x1＝g1(y,z)，
x2＝g2(y,z)，
the focus of the first rotationally symmetrical paraboloid is f1The focus of the second rotationally symmetrical paraboloid is f2Focal point f1、f2The distance between the connecting lines is d and d ═ d1；
S3: butt-jointing two welded plates with equal thickness, then assembling a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector above the two welded plates with equal thickness, and aligning the axis of an emergent sleeve with the welding seams of the two welded plates;
s4: connecting a circulating water path on the back of the plane reflector and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector, feeding a welding wire to the position near the welding seam of the two welded plates through a wire feeding guide pipe of a wire feeding mechanism, and introducing protective gas into a guide pipe interlayer of the wire feeding guide pipe;
s5: opening laser, making the laser beam pass through collimating mirror and parallel-incident with axis of incident sleeve, irradiating on plane reflector, then entering into connecting sleeve, then irradiating on double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector, making the laser beam parallel-incident with axis of connecting sleeve be respectively converged at two focal points f after reflected by double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector1、f2The above.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the focus f in said step S21、f2The included angle between the connecting line and the central axis of the emergent sleeve is alpha, and the value range of the alpha is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to minus 20 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step S2, the arc lengths of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid and the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid intercepted by the symmetry planes thereof are respectivelyIs 11、l2When l is1And l2When the point of connection of (a) is on the axis of the connecting sleeve, when l1＝l2Focal point f1、f2The laser intensities converged respectively are equal; when l is1And l2When the point of connection is above the axis of the connecting sleeve, at this time l1＜l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is less than the focal point f2(ii) the converged laser intensity; when l is1And l2Is below the axis of the connecting sleeve, when1＞l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is greater than the focal point f2The intensity of the focused laser light.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the laser in the invention is respectively converged at two focuses f after being reflected by the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector of the plane reflector1、f2The first plasma keyhole and the second plasma keyhole are respectively formed, finally the two plasma keyholes are combined into one plasma keyhole, the thick plate is melted through, and welding is finished, so that the condition that the upper surface is melted and the lower surface is not melted when the thick plate is welded due to insufficient focal depth is avoided, and a groove is not required to be formed generally;
2. in the invention, the protective gas is introduced in the welding process, so that the welding quality can be ensured, and the effect of blowing off the plasma of the first keyhole to facilitate the formation of a second plasma keyhole can be achieved;
3. in the invention, the incident sleeve is connected with the collimating lens to ensure that the input laser is parallel light;
4. the protective lens is arranged at the outlet of the emergent sleeve, so that smoke dust and splashes in welding are prevented from entering the sleeve to pollute the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector;
5. according to the invention, the back surfaces of the plane reflector and the double-rotational-symmetry paraboloidal reflector are respectively provided with the circulating water channel, so that the plane reflector and the double-rotational-symmetry paraboloidal reflector achieve a good cooling effect in the welding process;
6. two focal points f in the present invention1、f2The respective converged laser intensities can be controlled and adjusted by the parameters of the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a double-focus reflector-based thick metal plate laser welding head according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a geometric plan view of a dual rotationally symmetric parabolic reflector in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the visual effect of a dual rotationally symmetric parabolic reflector in an embodiment of the present invention;
the welding wire feeding device comprises an incident sleeve 1, an emergent sleeve 2, an emergent sleeve 3, a connecting sleeve 4, a plane reflector 5, a double-rotational-symmetry paraboloid reflector 6, a first rotational-symmetry paraboloid 7, a second rotational-symmetry paraboloid 8, a wire feeding mechanism 9, a welding wire 10, a welded plate 11, a wire feeding mechanism body 12, a wire feeding conduit 13, a protective gas 14 and a protective lens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector comprises an incident sleeve 1, an emergent sleeve 2 and a connecting sleeve 3 which are arranged above a welded plate 10, wherein the incident sleeve 1 and the emergent sleeve 2 are arranged in parallel, the connecting sleeve 3 is respectively and vertically connected with the incident sleeve 1 and the emergent sleeve 2, the incident sleeve 1, the emergent sleeve 2 and the connecting sleeve 3 are communicated to form a cavity with the same inner diameter, an inlet of the incident sleeve 1 is connected with a collimating mirror, and a collimating lens of the collimating mirror is parallel to the axis of the incident sleeve 1, so that input laser is parallel light; the optical fiber laser comprises an incident sleeve 1, a connecting sleeve 3 and a double-rotation symmetrical parabolic reflector 5, wherein a plane reflector 4 is arranged at the joint of the incident sleeve 1 and the connecting sleeve 3, the plane reflector 4 and the axis of the incident sleeve 1 are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, a double-rotation symmetrical parabolic reflector 5 is arranged at the joint of the connecting sleeve 3 and the emergent sleeve 2, the curved surface of the double-rotation symmetrical parabolic reflector 5 comprises a first rotation symmetrical parabolic surface 6 and a second rotation symmetrical parabolic surface 7, and the plane reflector 4 and the double-rotation symmetrical parabolic reflector 5 are made of red copper. The back surfaces of the plane reflector 4 and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5 are both provided with circulating water paths, so that the plane reflector and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector achieve a good cooling effect in the welding process. The exit of the exit sleeve 2 is provided with a protective lens 14 to prevent smoke and splashes in welding from entering the sleeve and polluting the dual-rotational-symmetry parabolic reflector 5. The fixed wire feeder 8 that is provided with of outside slope of outgoing sleeve 2, wire feeder 8 includes wire feeder body 11 and the fixed wire feed pipe 12 that sets up in wire feeder body 11 middle part, wire feed pipe 12 adopts coaxial double-deck pipe and pipe center to be used for carrying welding wire 9, the pipe intermediate layer is used for leading to protection gas 13. The shielding gas 13 is a gas which has no strong chemical reaction with the welded metal, and the shielding gas 13 is preferably argon.
The invention relates to a thick metal plate laser welding method based on a bifocal reflector, which is realized by the following steps:
s1: according to the laser welding process requirement, calculating the focus distance d necessary for butt deep fusion welding of two welded plates 10 with equal thickness1：
d1＝kD，
Wherein k is 0.5-0.8, and D is the thickness of the welded plate 10;
s2: manufacturing a double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5:
let the parabolic equations of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid 6 and the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid 7 be:
x1＝g1(y,z)，
x2＝g2(y,z)，
the focus of the first rotational symmetry paraboloid 6 is f1The focus of the second rotationally symmetrical paraboloid 7 is f2Focal point f1、f2The distance between the connecting lines is d and d ═ d1(ii) a Focal point f1、f2The included angle between the connecting line and the central axis of the outgoing sleeve 2 is alpha, and the value range of the alpha is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to-20 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees;
the arc lengths of the first and second rotationally symmetrical paraboloids 6, 7, respectively, as taken by their planes of symmetry are l1、l2When l is1And l2When the point of connection of (a) is on the axis of the connecting sleeve 3, when l1＝l2Focal point f1、f2The laser intensities converged respectively are equal; when l is1And l2Is above the axis of the connecting sleeve 3, when l1＜l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is less than the focal point f2(ii) the converged laser intensity; when l is1And l2Is below the axis of the connecting sleeve 3, when l1＞l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is greater than the focal point f2The intensity of the converged laser light, and therefore the ratio of the intensities of the actually converged light of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid 6 and the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid 7, can be calculated by specific parameters of the paraboloid equations of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid 6 and the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid 7. Thus, two focal points f1、f2The respective converged laser intensity can be controlled and adjusted by the parameters of the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector;
s3: butting two welded plates 10 with equal thickness, assembling a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector above the two welded plates 10 with equal thickness, and aligning the axis of the emergent sleeve 2 with the welding seams of the two welded plates 10;
s4: connecting a circulating water path on the back of the plane reflector 4 and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, feeding a welding wire 9 to the position near the welding seam of two welded plates 10 through a wire feeding guide pipe 12 of a wire feeding mechanism 8, and introducing protective gas 13 into a guide pipe interlayer of the wire feeding guide pipe 12;
s5: opening laser, making the laser beam pass through collimating mirror and parallel-incident with axis of incident sleeve 1, irradiating on plane reflector 4, then entering into connecting sleeve 3, then irradiating on double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, making the laser parallel-incident with axis of connecting sleeve 3 pass through double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, reflecting and respectively converging on two focal points f1、f2The above.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in the embodiment, the thickness D of the welded plate 10 is 80mm, the laser power is 1.5kW,
s1: according to the requirements of laser welding process, the focal distance d necessary for butt deep fusion welding of two welded plates 10 with equal thickness1kD, when k is 0.75, then d1＝60mm，
S2: manufacturing a double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5:
focal point f1、f2The distance between the connecting lines is d ═ d160mm, let focus f1Fig. 2 was obtained by Matlab mapping software 5mm below the plane of the soldered plate 10: the equation for the paraboloid of the first rotationally symmetric paraboloid 6 is then: (y +60)2+z2The equation for the paraboloid of the second rotationally symmetric paraboloid 7 is 360(x + 70): y is2+z2The first rotationally symmetric paraboloid 6 has a rotational symmetry axis f of 240(x +60)2x1Axis, the axis of rotational symmetry of the second rotationally symmetrical paraboloid 7 being f1x-axis, focal point f1、f2The included angle between the connecting line and the central axis of the exit sleeve 2 is α ═ 19 °, fig. 3 is a perspective view of the visual effect of the dual rotationally symmetric parabolic reflector 5, where gray is a first rotationally symmetric parabolic surface 6, the grid is a perspective view of the visual effect of a second rotationally symmetric parabolic surface 7, and the dual rotationally symmetric parabolic reflector 5 is composed of two outer parabolic surfaces: the part of the first rotationally symmetrical parabola 6 that is within the second rotationally symmetrical parabola 7 and the part of the second rotationally symmetrical parabola 7 that is within the first rotationally symmetrical parabola 6 are not included. The arc lengths of the first and second rotationally symmetrical paraboloids 6, 7, respectively, as taken by their planes of symmetry are l1And l2，l1、l2When the point of connection of (a) is on the axis of the connecting sleeve 3, when l1＝l2The dual-rotation symmetrical paraboloidal reflector 5 is manufactured according to the two paraboloidal equations, and the surface roughness R of the dual-rotation symmetrical paraboloidal reflector 5aReach the nanometer level (-10)-9m)；
S3: butting two welded plates 10 with equal thickness, assembling a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector above the two welded plates 10 with equal thickness, and aligning the axis of the emergent sleeve 2 with the welding seams of the two welded plates 10;
s4: connecting a circulating water path on the back of the plane reflector 4 and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, feeding a welding wire 9 to the position near the welding seam of two welded plates 10 through a wire feeding guide pipe 12 of a wire feeding mechanism 8, and introducing protective gas 13 into a guide pipe interlayer of the wire feeding guide pipe 12;
s5: opening laser, making the laser beam pass through collimating mirror and parallel-incident with axis of incident sleeve 1, irradiating on plane reflector 4, then entering into connecting sleeve 3, then irradiating on double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, making the laser parallel-incident with axis of connecting sleeve 3 pass through double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5, reflecting and respectively converging on two focal points f1、f2The above.
When the welding is started, a welding wire 9 is fed to the position near the welding seam of two welded plates 10 through a wire feeding guide pipe 12 of a wire feeding mechanism 8, protective gas 13 is introduced into a guide pipe interlayer of the wire feeding guide pipe 12, laser is turned on, laser beams enter a plane reflector 4 in parallel with the axis of an incidence sleeve 1 after passing through a collimating mirror and then enter a connecting sleeve 3, the laser beams enter a double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 5 again, and the laser beams entering the connecting sleeve 3 in parallel with the axis are converged at two focuses f after being reflected by the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector 51、f2Due to the high laser power, the welding wire 9 melts even if it is not in focus, which promotes the melting of the two adjacent welded plates 10 and the subsequent weld formation, at focus f1Under the action, the upper surface areas of the butt-jointed welding seams of the two welded plates 10 are simultaneously melted, and a first plasma keyhole is formed; the gas flow of the protective gas 13 is blown to the welding area along the wire feeding conduit 12 along the direction of the welding wire 9, so that the plasma plume of the first plasma keyhole deflects, and the laser penetrates through the first plasma keyhole and the gap between the two welded plates 10 and is at the second focus f2Under the action of the magnetic field, the second focus f is approached2The area of the welding plate is melted and forms a second plasma keyhole, the first plasma keyhole and the second plasma keyhole are combined into a keyhole, two butt-jointed welded plates 10 are melted through, the condition that the upper part is melted and the lower part is not melted when the thick plate is welded due to insufficient focal depth is avoided, and a groove does not need to be formed generally.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a thick metal sheet laser welding head based on bifocal reflector, is including setting up incident sleeve (1), outgoing sleeve (2) and connecting sleeve (3) above being welded board (10), its characterized in that: the light source comprises an incident sleeve (1) and an emergent sleeve (2) which are arranged in parallel, a connecting sleeve (3) is respectively and vertically connected with the incident sleeve (1) and the emergent sleeve (2), the incident sleeve (1), the emergent sleeve (2) and the connecting sleeve (3) are communicated to form a cavity with the same inner diameter, an inlet of the incident sleeve (1) is connected with a collimating mirror, a collimating lens of the collimating mirror is parallel to the axis of the incident sleeve (1), a plane reflector (4) is arranged at the joint of the incident sleeve (1) and the connecting sleeve (3), the plane reflector (4) and the axis of the incident sleeve (1) are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, a paraboloid (5) is arranged at the joint of the paraboloids of the connecting sleeve (3) and the emergent sleeve (2), and the curved surface of the double-rotation symmetric reflector (5) comprises a first rotation symmetric paraboloid (6) and a second rotation symmetric paraboloid (7), the wire feeding mechanism (8) is obliquely and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the emergent sleeve (2), and the wire feeding mechanism (8) feeds welding wires (9) to the surface of a welded plate (10).
2. A double focal reflector based thick metal plate laser weld head as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and circulating water paths are arranged on the back surfaces of the plane reflector (4) and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector (5).
3. A double focal reflector based thick metal plate laser weld head as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the plane reflector (4) and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector (5) are made of red copper.
4. A double focal reflector based thick metal plate laser weld head as claimed in claim 1 wherein: wire feeder (8) include wire feeder body (11) and fixed set up in wire feeder body (11) middle part send a pipe (12), send a pipe (12) to adopt coaxial double-deck pipe and pipe center to be used for carrying welding wire (9), the pipe intermediate layer is used for leading to protect gas (13).
5. A bifocal reflector-based thick-sheet metal laser welding head according to claim 4, wherein: the protective gas (13) is argon.
6. A double focal reflector based thick metal plate laser weld head as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and a protective lens (14) is arranged at the outlet of the emergent sleeve (2).
7. A thick metal plate laser welding method based on a bifocal reflector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: according to the requirements of the laser welding process, the focal distance d necessary for butt deep fusion welding of two welded plates (10) with equal thickness is calculated1：
d1＝kD，
Wherein k is 0.5-0.8, and D is the thickness of the welded plate (10);
s2: manufacturing a double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector (5):
the paraboloid equations of the first rotational symmetry paraboloid (6) and the second rotational symmetry paraboloid (7) are respectively set as follows:
x1＝g1(y,z)，
x2＝g2(y,z)，
the focus of the first rotational symmetry paraboloid (6) is f1The focus of the second rotationally symmetrical paraboloid (7) is f2Focal point f1、f2The distance between the connecting lines is d and d ═ d1；
S3: butt-jointing two welded plates (10) with equal thickness, then assembling a thick metal plate laser welding head based on a bifocal reflector above the two welded plates (10) with equal thickness, and aligning the axis of the emergent sleeve (2) with the welding seams of the two welded plates (10);
s4: a circulating water path on the back of the plane reflector (4) and the double-rotation symmetrical paraboloid reflector (5) is connected, a welding wire (9) is fed to the position near the welding seam of the two welded plates (10) through a wire feeding guide pipe (12) of a wire feeding mechanism (8), and protective gas (13) is introduced into a guide pipe interlayer of the wire feeding guide pipe (12);
s5: opening laser, enabling a laser beam to enter the plane reflector (4) after passing through the collimating mirror and then enter the incidence sleeve (1) in parallel with the axis of the incidence sleeve, then entering the connection sleeve (3), then entering the double-rotationally symmetric paraboloid reflector (5), enabling the laser beam entering the connection sleeve (3) in parallel with the axis of the incidence sleeve to be respectively converged at two focal points f after being reflected by the double-rotationally symmetric paraboloid reflector (5)1、f2The above.
8. The double-focus-mirror-based thick-metal-plate laser welding method according to claim 7: the method is characterized in that: the focus f in said step S21、f2The included angle between the connecting line and the central axis of the emergent sleeve (2) is alpha, and the value range of the alpha is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to minus 20 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees.
9. The double-focus-mirror-based thick-metal-plate laser welding method according to claim 7: the method is characterized in that: in the step S2, the arc lengths of the first rotationally symmetrical paraboloid (6) and the second rotationally symmetrical paraboloid (7) which are intercepted by the symmetry planes are respectively l1、l2When l is1And l2When the connection point of (a) is on the axis of the connecting sleeve (3), when l1＝l2Focal point f1、f2The laser intensities converged respectively are equal; when l is1And l2When the connection point of (a) is above the axis of the connecting sleeve (3), at this time l1＜l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is less than the focal point f2(ii) the converged laser intensity; when l is1And l2Is located below the axis of the connecting sleeve (3), when l1＞l2Focal point f1The intensity of the converged laser light is greater than the focal point f2The intensity of the focused laser light.
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