CN112991891B - Two-way adjustable double slit device of inserted sheet formula - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于双缝实验设备技术领域,尤其涉及一种插片式双向可调的双缝装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of double-slit experimental equipment, in particular to a two-way adjustable double-slit device of insert type.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中,双缝实验的双缝是固定的,因此双缝参数是不可调的,具体的就是缝宽和缝距是固定的,那么就会给教学上探究光学双缝干涉等理论和实验造成了一定局限性,使得教学上无法通过动手实验加深对双缝干涉知识的理解,并局限了光学的部分实验研究。In the prior art, the double slit of the double slit experiment is fixed, so the parameters of the double slit are not adjustable. Specifically, the slit width and the distance between the slits are fixed, so it will be useful for teaching to explore theories and methods such as optical double slit interference. The experiment caused certain limitations, which made it impossible to deepen the understanding of double-slit interference knowledge through hands-on experiments in teaching, and limited some experimental research on optics.
所以综上所述,现在急需一种缝宽、缝距都可以调节,且可以不对称调节的改进型双缝装置,来满足各种衍射系统、干涉系统以及分光选光系统的教学实验。So to sum up, there is an urgent need for an improved double-slit device with adjustable slit width and slit distance, and can be adjusted asymmetrically to meet the teaching experiments of various diffraction systems, interference systems, and spectroscopic and selective systems.
专利公告号为CN210039349U,公告日为2020.02.07的中国实用新型专利公开了一种用双缝干涉测量光波长的试验装置,包括激光笔、双缝片装置、烟雾箱、光伏电池、数字电表和光具座,所述激光笔的下方连接有安装座,安装座设置于光具座上,所述激光笔的侧边设置有双缝片装置,所述双缝片装置包括固定支架、双缝片和可调节具座。The patent announcement number is CN210039349U, and the Chinese utility model patent with the announcement date of 2020.02.07 discloses a test device for measuring the wavelength of light by double-slit interferometry, including a laser pointer, a double-slit device, a smoke box, a photovoltaic cell, a digital meter and a light Tool base, the bottom of the laser pointer is connected with a mounting base, the mounting base is arranged on the optical tool base, the side of the laser pointer is provided with a double-slit device, and the double-slit device includes a fixed bracket, a double-slit and adjustable chairs.
但是该实用新型专利中的双缝干涉装置,其双缝片装置的缝宽、缝距这两个参数都不方便调节,所以存在双缝实验使用不够灵活方便的问题。However, in the double-slit interference device in this utility model patent, the two parameters of the double-slit device, the slit width and the slit distance, are inconvenient to adjust, so there is a problem that the use of the double-slit experiment is not flexible enough.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种插片式双向可调的双缝装置,其能通过在竖向底板单元上设置双缝插板单元、挡板单元以及插板安放架单元的方式,达到双缝装置的缝距和缝宽这两个参数都可以灵活调节的效果,即为上述“双向可调”的含义。The present invention provides an insert type two-way adjustable double-slit device, which can achieve the seam of the double-slit device by arranging a double-slit insert unit, a baffle unit and an insert rack unit on the vertical bottom plate unit. The effect that the two parameters of distance and slit width can be adjusted flexibly is the meaning of the above-mentioned "two-way adjustable".
本发明解决上述问题采用的技术方案是:一种插片式双向可调的双缝装置,包括竖向底板单元,设置在所述竖向底板单元侧面上并通过逐个插入使用的方式以用于提供不同缝距的双缝结构的若干个双缝插板单元,以及设置在所述竖向底板单元侧面上且分别位于所述双缝插板单元的两侧位置处并通过相对靠近方式以用于调节有效双缝宽度的两个挡板单元。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: an insert type two-way adjustable double-slit device, including a vertical bottom plate unit, which is arranged on the side of the vertical bottom plate unit and inserted one by one for use. Provide several double-slit inserting board units with double-slit structures with different seam distances, and are arranged on the side of the vertical bottom plate unit and are respectively located at the two sides of the double-slit inserting board unit and are used in a relatively close manner. Two flapper units for adjusting the effective double slit width.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述竖向底板单元包括竖向立板,设置在所述竖向立板上并用于穿过光线的板体固定孔,设置在所述竖向立板侧面上且位于所述板体固定孔下方位置处并用于卡合限位滑动中的所述挡板单元、卡合固定所述双缝插板单元的卡合板部,以及设置在所述竖向立板侧面上且分别位于所述板体固定孔两侧位置处并分别用于安装两个所述挡板单元的两组螺纹槽。A further preferred technical solution is that: the vertical bottom plate unit includes a vertical riser, a plate body fixing hole arranged on the vertical riser and used for passing light is arranged on the side of the vertical riser and It is located at the position below the plate body fixing hole and is used to engage the baffle unit in the limit sliding, engage and fix the engaging plate part of the double-slit inserting plate unit, and is arranged on the side of the vertical vertical plate Two groups of threaded grooves are respectively located on both sides of the fixing hole of the plate body and are respectively used for installing the two baffle units.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述卡合板部包括垂直设置在所述竖向立板侧面上且位于所述板体固定孔下方位置处的横向支撑板,设置在所述横向支撑板上表面上且平行所述竖向立板并用于向内卡合夹紧所述挡板单元的横向卡合板,以及设置在所述横向支撑板上表面上且分别位于所述板体固定孔两侧位置处并用于卡合固定所述双缝插板单元的两个竖向卡合板。A further preferred technical solution is that: the engaging plate part includes a horizontal support plate vertically arranged on the side of the vertical vertical plate and located below the fixing hole of the plate body, and arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal support plate And parallel to the vertical vertical plate and used to engage and clamp the horizontal clamping plate of the baffle unit inwardly, and set on the upper surface of the horizontal support plate and respectively located at the positions on both sides of the fixing hole of the plate body And it is used to engage and fix the two vertical engaging plates of the double-slit inserting board unit.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述双缝插板单元包括用于插在两个所述竖向卡合板之间的矩形板体,设置在所述矩形板体上并通过与所述板体固定孔重叠后仍然具有光线穿过用开孔的方式以用于形成初始双缝结构的板体开孔,以及设置在所述板体开孔内并用于形成双缝缝距的竖向连接条。A further preferred technical solution is that: the double-slit inserting unit includes a rectangular plate body for insertion between the two vertical engaging plates, which is arranged on the rectangular plate body and fixed with the plate body After the holes are overlapped, there is still a board body opening for light to pass through the opening to form the initial double-slit structure, and a vertical connecting strip arranged in the board body opening and used to form the double-slit gap.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述挡板单元包括通过螺栓安装在所述螺纹槽上的竖向固定板,下端插在所述横向支撑板和所述横向卡合板之间的活动板,设置在所述活动板的其中一个竖向侧面上并用于连接所述竖向固定板的复位弹簧,设置在所述活动板的另一个竖向侧面上且位于所述矩形板体外侧并以锐角棱边为有效双缝外侧边的直角梯形板,以及螺接在所述竖向固定板上并用于横向推动所述活动板的调节用螺栓。A further preferred technical solution is that: the baffle unit includes a vertical fixed plate installed on the threaded groove through bolts, a movable plate whose lower end is inserted between the horizontal support plate and the horizontal engaging plate, and is arranged on On one of the vertical sides of the movable plate and used to connect the return spring of the vertical fixed plate, it is arranged on the other vertical side of the movable plate and is located outside the rectangular plate body and has an acute angle edge It is a right-angled trapezoidal plate on the outer side of the effective double slit, and an adjusting bolt screwed on the vertical fixed plate and used to laterally push the movable plate.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述双缝插板单元的数量为6个,6个所述双缝插板单元各自的所述竖向连接条的宽度从小到大依次为0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm以及1.0mm。A further preferred technical solution is that: the number of the double-slit board units is 6, and the widths of the vertical connecting strips of the 6 double-slot board units are 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm and 1.0mm.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述竖向立板的异于设置所述挡板单元侧面上设有用于安放闲置的剩余5个所述双缝插板单元的插板安放架单元,中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元与另一侧正在使用的所述双缝插板单元两者水平重叠,中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元的所述竖向连接条宽度小于另一侧正在使用的所述双缝插板单元,具有0.5mm宽度的所述竖向连接条的所述双缝插板单元在使用时,另一侧中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元取出。A further preferred technical solution is that: the side of the vertical vertical board is different from the side of the baffle unit, and there is a board installation rack unit for placing the remaining 5 double-slit board units that are idle, and the middle position is idle. The double-slotted board unit horizontally overlaps with the double-slotted board unit being used on the other side, and the width of the vertical connecting strip of the idle double-slotted board unit in the middle is smaller than that of the other side For the double-slit board unit in use, when the double-slit board unit with the vertical connecting strip with a width of 0.5mm is in use, the idle double-slit board unit at the middle position on the other side is taken out.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述插板安放架单元包括设置在所述竖向立板侧面上的底板条,分别设置在所述底板条两端位置处的两个竖向板条,以及两端分别设置在两个所述竖向板条上并通过下拉方式以用于露出上边沿待钩取的所述板体开孔的连接条保护板。A further preferred technical solution is that: the board mounting rack unit includes a bottom slat arranged on the side of the vertical riser, two vertical slats respectively arranged at two ends of the bottom slat, and two The ends are respectively arranged on the two vertical slats and are used to expose the connecting strip protection plate of the upper edge of the opening of the plate body to be hooked by pulling down.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述插板安放架单元还包括设置在所述竖向板条竖向相对内侧面上并用于插入安装所述连接条保护板的侧面槽,分别设置在所述连接条保护板两端的两个竖向孔道,设置在所述侧面槽内顶面上并用于插入所述竖向孔道的竖向固定杆,以及套在所述竖向固定杆上且位于所述连接条保护板下方并用于向上顶起所述连接条保护板的支撑弹簧。A further preferred technical solution is that: the board mounting frame unit further includes side grooves arranged on the vertically opposite inner sides of the vertical slats and used for inserting and installing the connecting strip protection boards, which are respectively arranged on the connecting strips. Two vertical holes at both ends of the strip protection plate, a vertical fixing rod arranged on the inner top surface of the side groove and used for inserting into the vertical hole, and a vertical fixing rod sleeved on the vertical fixing rod and located at the connection The support spring under the strip protection plate and used to jack up the connecting strip protection plate upwards.
进一步优选的技术方案在于:所述竖向固定杆下端面与所述侧面槽内底面之间设有用于装卸所述支撑弹簧的断口。A further preferred technical solution is that: a fracture for loading and unloading the support spring is provided between the lower end surface of the vertical fixing rod and the inner bottom surface of the side groove.
本发明具有双缝装置结构合理有效,双缝装置的缝宽和缝距两个参数的调节操作简单方便、调节前后稳定性高,不易发生意外偏差,双缝插板单元逐个使用、后面重叠较窄竖向连接条的使用方式灵活巧妙,整个双缝装置结构紧凑稳定,以及用于光学实验时更加高效全面的优点。The invention has a reasonable and effective structure of the double slit device, the adjustment operation of the two parameters of the slit width and the slit distance of the double slit device is simple and convenient, the stability before and after adjustment is high, and accidental deviation is not easy to occur, and the double slit inserting plate units are used one by one, and the overlapping at the back is relatively small. The use of narrow vertical connecting strips is flexible and ingenious, the structure of the entire double-slit device is compact and stable, and it is more efficient and comprehensive when used in optical experiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明在俯视角度下的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention viewed from above.
图3为本发明中挡板单元在俯视角度下的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the baffle unit in the present invention viewed from above.
图4为本发明中竖向底板单元在正视角度下的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the vertical floor unit in the present invention under the angle of front view.
图5为本发明中卡合板部在侧视角度下的位置结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position and structure of the engaging plate part in a side view in the present invention.
图6为本发明中双缝插板单元的结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-slit inserting board unit in the present invention.
图7为本发明中插板安放架单元的位置结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the position and structure of the board placement frame unit in the present invention.
图8为本发明中支撑弹簧的使用示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the use of the support spring in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明的范围进行限定。The following descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例:如附图1、2、3、4、5、6、7以及附图8所示,一种插片式双向可调的双缝装置,包括竖向底板单元1,设置在所述竖向底板单元1侧面上并通过逐个插入使用的方式以用于提供不同缝距的双缝结构的若干个双缝插板单元2,以及设置在所述竖向底板单元1侧面上且分别位于所述双缝插板单元2的两侧位置处并通过相对靠近方式以用于调节有效双缝宽度的两个挡板单元3。Embodiment: As shown in accompanying
在本实施例中,“双向可调”的含义即为双缝的缝距和缝宽都是可调的,这样方便进行后续的光学实验教学,“插片式”则又指的是缝距的调节方式为自带不同缝距的多个所述双缝插板单元2的逐个交替使用,最后再由两个所述挡板单元3从两边往中间推进,即可缩小所述双缝插板单元2的自带缝宽,最终实现双缝结构的缝距、缝宽这两个参数都可以灵活调节的目的,以最终提高双缝实验的教学效果。In this embodiment, "two-way adjustable" means that the slit distance and slit width of the double slits are both adjustable, which is convenient for subsequent optical experiment teaching, and "insert type" refers to the slit distance The adjustment method is to alternately use a plurality of double-slit
所述竖向底板单元1包括竖向立板101,设置在所述竖向立板101上并用于穿过光线的板体固定孔102,设置在所述竖向立板101侧面上且位于所述板体固定孔102下方位置处并用于卡合限位滑动中的所述挡板单元3、卡合固定所述双缝插板单元2的卡合板部103,以及设置在所述竖向立板101侧面上且分别位于所述板体固定孔102两侧位置处并分别用于安装两个所述挡板单元3的两组螺纹槽104。The vertical
在本实施例中,初始双缝结构为所述双缝插板单元2上自带的双缝结构,因此所述板体固定孔102的开孔位置首先要与所述双缝插板单元2的使用位置对齐,其次是竖向长宽尺寸要大于等于所述双缝插板单元2上自带双缝结构的尺寸,使得有效双缝结构更加稳定精准。In this embodiment, the initial double-slit structure is the double-slit structure that comes with the double-slit plug-in
其次,所述卡合板部103的目的有两个:第一是卡住固定使用中的所述双缝插板单元2,避免其意外松动掉落;第二是卡合限位移动中的所述挡板单元3,避免其意外倾斜掉落,保证其只能稳稳地左右来回滑动即可。Secondly, the purpose of the
所述卡合板部103包括垂直设置在所述竖向立板101侧面上且位于所述板体固定孔102下方位置处的横向支撑板103a,设置在所述横向支撑板103a上表面上且平行所述竖向立板101并用于向内卡合夹紧所述挡板单元3的横向卡合板103b,以及设置在所述横向支撑板103a上表面上且分别位于所述板体固定孔102两侧位置处并用于卡合固定所述双缝插板单元2的两个竖向卡合板103c。The
在本实施例中,所述横向支撑板103a与两个所述竖向卡合板103c形成一个正视角度下的U形结构,用于固定使用中的所述双缝插板单元2,所述竖向立板101、横向支撑板103a以及横向卡合板103b形成一个侧视角度下的U形结构,用于限位卡合滑动中的所述挡板单元3。In this embodiment, the
此外,使用中的所述双缝插板单元2的外侧即为两个所述挡板单元3,因此所述挡板单元3不易向外翻动掉落,所述双缝插板单元2也就更加不易掉落了。In addition, there are two
所述双缝插板单元2包括用于插在两个所述竖向卡合板103c之间的矩形板体201,设置在所述矩形板体201上并通过与所述板体固定孔102重叠后仍然具有光线穿过用开孔的方式以用于形成初始双缝结构的板体开孔202,以及设置在所述板体开孔202内并用于形成双缝缝距的竖向连接条203。The double-slit
在本实施例中,所述板体固定孔102的上下两边宽度即为实际双缝的上下宽度,所述竖向连接条203的两个竖向侧边即为实际双缝的两个内侧边,因此对所述竖向连接条203的保护操作应该尤其注意,只要所述竖向连接条203的边变毛糙了,就会影响最终的双缝实验效果图。In this embodiment, the width of the upper and lower sides of the
所述挡板单元3包括通过螺栓301安装在所述螺纹槽104上的竖向固定板302,下端插在所述横向支撑板103a和所述横向卡合板103b之间的活动板303,设置在所述活动板303的其中一个竖向侧面上并用于连接所述竖向固定板302的复位弹簧304,设置在所述活动板303的另一个竖向侧面上且位于所述矩形板体201外侧并以锐角棱边为有效双缝外侧边的直角梯形板305,以及螺接在所述竖向固定板302上并用于横向推动所述活动板303的调节用螺栓306。The
在本实施例中,两个所述直角梯形板305的锐角棱边即为实际有效双缝结构的两个外侧边,即所述调节用螺栓306将所述直角梯形板305往里顶,即可缩小有效双缝结构的缝宽,反之所述调节用螺栓306向两侧松开、所述复位弹簧304就可以向两侧拉开两个所述直角梯形板305,并实现双缝结构缝宽增大的效果,这是十分简单、稳定且高效的。In this embodiment, the acute-angled edges of the two right-angled
需要注意的是:第一,所述活动板303内侧面与所述直角梯形板305内侧面之间的厚度差,即为所述双缝插板单元2的厚度,这样就可以保证所述双缝插板单元2被卡合稳定;第二,所述活动板303的厚度即为所述横向支撑板103a上位于所述横向卡合板103b内侧的空间厚度,这样就能保证所述活动板303外侧面、所述直角梯形板305外侧面都可以在所述横向卡合板103b内侧面上稳稳地贴合滑动。It should be noted that: first, the thickness difference between the inner surface of the
所述双缝插板单元2的数量为6个,6个所述双缝插板单元2各自的所述竖向连接条203的宽度从小到大依次为0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm以及1.0mm。所述竖向立板101的异于设置所述挡板单元3侧面上设有用于安放闲置的剩余5个所述双缝插板单元2的插板安放架单元4,中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元2与另一侧正在使用的所述双缝插板单元2两者水平重叠,中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元2的所述竖向连接条203宽度小于另一侧正在使用的所述双缝插板单元2,具有0.5mm宽度的所述竖向连接条203的所述双缝插板单元2在使用时,另一侧中间位置闲置的所述双缝插板单元2取出。The number of the double-
在本实施例中, 6个所述双缝插板单元2自带的宽度为0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm以及1.0mm的6个所述竖向连接条203,可以完全满足日常双缝干涉实验的教学要求,而且尤其重要的两点如下。In this embodiment, the six
第一,6个所述双缝插板单元2的分布方式为1个使用中的所述双缝插板单元2在“正面”,即位于两个所述挡板单元3之间,剩余5个所述双缝插板单元2在“背面”的所述插板安放架单元4上,因此整个所述双缝装置的结构就更加紧凑高效了。First, the distribution of the six double-
第二,剩余5个所述双缝插板单元2成排安放,中间的所述双缝插板单元2为自带0.5mm竖向连接条203的“最小”所述双缝插板单元2,这样其正面使用中的所述双缝插板单元2的是竖向连接条203就可以全部覆盖掉这个““最小””的竖向连接条203,保证不影响双缝干涉实验的进行。Second, the remaining 5 double-
所述插板安放架单元4包括设置在所述竖向立板101侧面上的底板条401,分别设置在所述底板条401两端位置处的两个竖向板条402,以及两端分别设置在两个所述竖向板条402上并通过下拉方式以用于露出上边沿待钩取的所述板体开孔202的连接条保护板403。所述插板安放架单元4还包括设置在所述竖向板条402竖向相对内侧面上并用于插入安装所述连接条保护板403的侧面槽404,分别设置在所述连接条保护板403两端的两个竖向孔道405,设置在所述侧面槽404内顶面上并用于插入所述竖向孔道405的竖向固定杆406,以及套在所述竖向固定杆406上且位于所述连接条保护板403下方并用于向上顶起所述连接条保护板403的支撑弹簧407。所述竖向固定杆406下端面与所述侧面槽404内底面之间设有用于装卸所述支撑弹簧407的断口。The board mounting frame unit 4 includes a
在本实施例中,两个所述竖向板条402相对内侧面之间的距离为5个所述双缝插板单元2宽度的总和,而且中间位置的闲置的所述双缝插板单元2,与另一侧使用中的所述双缝插板单元2保证两侧对齐,最后,当0.5mm宽度的所述竖向连接条203的所述双缝插板单元2在使用时,且背后就不能再放闲置的另外任何一个所述双缝插板单元2了,此时多出来的一个所述双缝插板单元2需要暂时安放别处,且更加合适的是,0.5mm宽度的所述竖向连接条203的所述双缝插板单元2在闲置时,最好是5个所述双缝插板单元2的中间那个,以保证前后所述竖向连接条203可以完全覆盖。In this embodiment, the distance between the opposite inner sides of the two
此外,所述连接条保护板403用于全部覆盖所有的所述板体开孔202,目的是保护安全需求更高的所述竖向连接条203,所以此时5个所述双缝插板单元2都不容易向上拿出来,此时的解决方式为如下。In addition, the connecting
第一,将初始的位于相对较高位置的所述连接条保护板403下压,即压缩所述支撑弹簧407,此时5个所述双缝插板单元2的所述板体开孔202的开孔上边沿就露出来了,手指钩住开孔上边沿就可以轻松地取出任何一个所述双缝插板单元2。First, press down the connecting
第二,所述竖向固定杆406预先与所述竖向孔道405插接后再与所述侧面槽404内顶面连接,保证整个结构的安装有效性,所述断口方便所述支撑弹簧407的安装更换,而所述支撑弹簧407则使得所述连接条保护板403既可以位于相对高位而封盖保护整个所述板体开孔202,又可以下拉后露出可以取出施力的所述板体开孔202开孔上边沿,保证6个所述双缝插板单元2可以有效方便地交替、逐个使用。Second, the
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施方式,在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种修改。这些都是不具有创造性的修改,只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the technical field, it can also be done without departing from the gist of the present invention. Make various modifications. These are all non-creative modifications, as long as they are all protected by the patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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