CN103440804B - Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument - Google Patents

Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103440804B
CN103440804B CN201310343347.1A CN201310343347A CN103440804B CN 103440804 B CN103440804 B CN 103440804B CN 201310343347 A CN201310343347 A CN 201310343347A CN 103440804 B CN103440804 B CN 103440804B
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laser
green
plexi
switch
light
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CN103440804A (en
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杨广武
江越
朱飞
刘枝朋
金光浩
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TIANJIN YIYANGHUARUI TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Tianjin Chengjian University
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Abstract

The invention provides a handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument. The handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument comprises an organic glass tube A and an organic glass tube B which are mutually and rotatably connected in a sleeved mode, and further comprises a power pack, a green laser, a red laser, an adjustable slit device, an optical grating location slot, a measuring ruler, a main switch, a red light switch and a green light switch. Two pairs of holes are respectively formed in the sleeved connection position of the organic glass tube A and the organic glass tube B, the two pairs of holes are symmetrically formed, the axis of the two pairs of holes is parallel to the slit direction of the adjustable slit device, and the two ends of an instrument support are inserted into the holes. The measuring ruler is arranged on one side of the organic glass tube B, and light beams of the green laser and light beams of the red laser are projected to the measuring ruler. The handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument has the advantages of being small and exquisite in size, convenient to carry, capable of being used for classroom teaching directly, and convenient and flexible to use due to the fact that a dark area in a classroom can be chosen as the background to conduct demonstration, quantitative measurement can also be achieved, and the measuring ruler can be directly attached to a blackboard through build-in magnetism conveniently.

Description

Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of instruments used for education, particularly a kind of handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument.
Background technology
Optics is College physics course important component part, the diffraction characteristic of light is an important knowledge point of opticator, in view of this characteristic not easily understand by the student of initial contact, therefore consider by scene classroom experiment demonstration intuitively, to promote the diffraction characteristic of student's understand and master light, thus promote the teaching efficiency of College physics course.
At present, the instrument of optics is a lot, but the volume scale of instrument is all very heavy and huge, is inconvenient to carry, and the experimental situation condition required is also higher, as low light condition etc.; Meanwhile, laboratory teaching demonstration can not ensure that the experiment of student is identical with Theory Course progress, thus reaches the combination of theory and practice.With regard to Diffraction of light wave, existing small hand-held experimental apparatus (handhold wave optical demonstrator, the patent No.: ZL 200820122697.X) diffraction phenomena that two restraint not wavelength light wave can not be shown simultaneously, can not dynamic test list seam width consecutive variations time diffraction fringe Changing Pattern, qualitatively can only demonstrate, quantitative measurment can not carry out proof theory result with calculating.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency structural in prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument, this instruments used for education volume is little, lightweight, without external power supply, demonstrating effect is directly perceived, easy to operate, both can qualitatively demonstrate, again can quantitative measurment, the teaching request of wave optics in College Physics can be met, contribute to the comprehension improving student.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is to provide a kind of handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument, wherein: this demonstrator comprises plexi-glass tubular A, the plexi-glass tubular B of mutual rotatable socket, power pack, green (light) laser, red laser, adjustable slit device, grating position groove, surveyors' staff and master switch, red switch, green switch is also comprised;
Described power pack is connected with master switch by output lead, master switch connects green (light) laser respectively by green switch, connects red laser by red switch, power pack, green (light) laser, red laser are screwed in plexi-glass tubular A, and master switch, red switch, green switch are fixed on the tube wall of plexi-glass tubular A; Plexi-glass tubular B tube wall is opened two rectangular openings, in first rectangular opening, adjustable slit device is installed, second rectangular opening is grating position groove, two pairs of holes are had at plexi-glass tubular A and plexi-glass tubular B socket place, described two pairs of holes are for being symmetrical arranged, the axis in two pairs of holes is parallel with the slit direction of adjustable slit device, inserts the two ends of instrument support in described hole; The side of organic coloured glaze pipe B is provided with surveyors' staff, and the beam projection of green (light) laser, red laser is on described surveyors' staff.
Effect of the present invention is:
(1) compact, within overall volume can be controlled in 300 (length) × 60 (wide) × 100 (height) mm, be easy to carry, class demonstration teaching can be directly used in, instead of traditional can only demonstrating in laboratory, solve the problem that lecture experiment and theory teaching can not be synchronous.
(2) adopt hand-held, can demonstrate as a setting in the dark region of selection and comparison in classroom, convenient, flexible.
(3) the wide adjustable slit arrangement of employing seam is as major diffraction element, can pass through to regulate the wide change of dynamically demonstrating and measuring diffraction fringe when stitching wide change of seam.
(4) can finely tune slit arrangement and laser relative position with screw, demonstrate the situation of change of diffraction fringe during the two relative movement.
(5) surveyors' staff is equipped with, except qualitative demonstration, all right quantitative measurment, and also surveyors' staff can directly be attached on blackboard by the magnetic carried easily.
(6) red, the green two-beam of different wave length can be made simultaneously by diffraction screen, carry out quantitative contrast and measurement.
(7) structure is simple, and cost is low, small investment, is convenient to promote.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction figure of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the frame diagram of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the laser power supply control circuit schematic diagram of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the laser instrument secured adjusted structure vertical view of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the laser instrument secured adjusted structure front view of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is adjustable slit device and the grating position groove structural representation of demonstrator of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the support installing figure of demonstrator of the present invention.
In figure:
1, plexi-glass tubular A 2, plexi-glass tubular B 3, power pack 4, green (light) laser
5, red laser 6, adjustable slit device 7, grating position groove
8, slit dog screw and spring 9, stitch wide adjusting screw(rod) 10, master switch
11, green switch 12, red switch 13, screw
14, instrument support 15, lenticular lenses 16, surveyors' staff
17, the axis of plexi-glass tubular A and plexi-glass tubular B
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument structure of the present invention is illustrated.
Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument structure of the present invention is, this demonstrator comprises plexi-glass tubular A1, the plexi-glass tubular B2 of mutual rotatable socket, also comprises power pack 3, green (light) laser 4, red laser 5, adjustable slit device 6, grating position groove 7, surveyors' staff 16 and master switch 10, green switch 11, red switch 12.
Described power pack 3 is connected with master switch 10 by output lead, master switch 10 connects green (light) laser 4 respectively by green switch 11, connects red laser 5 by red switch 12, power pack 3, green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 are fixed in plexi-glass tubular A1 by screw 13, make two-laser light beam parallel by adjusting screw 13 and phase mutual edge distance is as far as possible little, two laser axis and plexi-glass tubular A coaxial.Master switch 10, red switch 11, green switch 12 are fixed on the tube wall of plexi-glass tubular A1, make operator conveniently can control general supply, the opening or closing of each laser instrument.
Two rectangular openings are opened successively before and after on plexi-glass tubular B2 tube wall, in first rectangular opening, adjustable slit device 6 is installed, second rectangular opening is grating position groove 7, adjustable slit device 6 plane and plexi-glass tubular B2 axes normal, the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam is made to be exposed at outside pipe, opposite side corresponding with adjusting screw(rod) 9 on adjustable slit device 6 has a screw hole, control adjustable slit device 6 entirety and the distance of tube wall with slit set screw and spring 8, slit center is overlapped substantially with plexi-glass tubular B2 center.Described adjustable slit device 6 regulates slit width by rotating the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam, reads slit width value by the scale stitched on wide adjusting screw(rod) 9.Second rectangular opening is opened from first rectangular opening near-earth of trying one's best when ensureing plexi-glass tubular B2 physical strength, second rectangular opening and grating position groove 7, rectangular opening is long and wide just in time can put into a lenticular lenses 15, will ensure that grating indentation direction is identical with the direction of slit after putting into grating rectangle.
Two pairs of holes are had at plexi-glass tubular A1 and plexi-glass tubular B2 socket place, described two pairs of holes are for being symmetrical arranged, the axis in two pairs of holes is parallel with the slit direction of adjustable slit device 6, plexi-glass tubular B2 can rotate around socket place, for regulating the angle of slit and grating, enable two bundle laser simultaneously parallel through slit and grating.Two unlikely disengagings of plexi-glass tubular, in order to support, can be fixed again in the two ends of inserting instrument support 14 in described hole.The side of plexi-glass tubular B2 is provided with surveyors' staff 16, and the beam projection of green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 is on described surveyors' staff 16.Described support 14 can rotate around the hole of tube wall, and during hand-held qualitative demonstration, support is packed up, and putting down support when accurate quantification is measured can instrument stabilizer on desk.
Described green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 projection lights be two close together directional light and with the axis being parallel of plexi-glass tubular A1 and plexi-glass tubular B2.Two laser intensities are close, can select respectively to glow by green switch 11, red switch 12, green glow, or simultaneously rubescent, green glow, relation between the diffraction fringe that can contrast simultaneously and measure the light of different wave length.
The upper end of described adjustable slit device 6 is the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of the graduated seam of band, and lower end connects slit set screw and spring 8.Both adjustable and measuring slit width, the again relative position of adjustable slit laser, can the change of dynamic demonstration seam position that is wide or seam diffraction fringe when changing.
Be placed with in described grating position groove 7 and observe and measure the lenticular lenses of Diffraction of light wave phenomenon and stitch plate more.
Described power pack 3 is built with the dry cell batteries matched with green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 voltage.
Described plexi-glass tubular A and plexi-glass tubular B is transparent material, can observe inner structure intuitively and regulate, be more suitable for teaching demonstration.Described surveyors' staff 16 makes for magnetic material.
Described master switch 10, green switch 11 and red switch 12 always constitute, point secondary switch, avoid maloperation switch just to open the generation of laser instrument phenomenon, improve security.
Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument function of the present invention is achieved in that
As shown in Figure 1, 2, this handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument structure includes machine glass tube A1, the plexi-glass tubular B2 of socket mutually, also comprises power pack 3, green (light) laser 4, red laser 5, adjustable slit device 6, grating position groove 7, surveyors' staff 16 and master switch 10, green switch 11, red switch 12 etc.
The power pack 3 matched with laser diode voltage be composed in series with dry cell is accessed master switch 10 by output lead, receive green (light) laser 4 respectively by green switch 11, receive red laser 5 by red switch 12 again, power pack 3, master switch 10, green switch 11, red switch 12 and green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 are by before backward, be front with Laser emission direction, be fixed in plexi-glass tubular A1 with screw 13, as shown in Figure 1,3.Make two-laser light beam parallel by regulating green (light) laser 4 with the screw 13 of red laser 5 and phase mutual edge distance is as far as possible little, two laser axis and plexi-glass tubular A1 coaxial, as shown in Figure 4,5, Fig. 4 chain lines is the axis of plexi-glass tubular A1 and plexi-glass tubular B2, and dotted line is laser beam.Switch control knob is exposed at outside the sidewall of plexi-glass tubular A1, makes operator conveniently can control general supply, the opening or closing of each laser instrument.
Plexi-glass tubular B2 sidewall opens two rectangular openings successively before backward, first hole is opened after reserving the length be socketed with plexi-glass tubular A1 in rear end, adjustable slit device 6 can be inserted just in this hole, adjustable slit device plane and plexi-glass tubular axes normal, the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam is made to be exposed at outside pipe, opposite side corresponding with screw rod on slit arrangement has a screw hole, control slit arrangement entirety and the distance of tube wall with slit dog screw and spring 8, slit center is overlapped substantially with organic glass tube hub; Second hole and grating position groove 7 are opened in position close to trying one's best from first hole when ensureing plexi-glass tubular B2 physical strength, and hole is long and wide just in time can put into a lenticular lenses, as shown in Figure 6.To ensure after putting into grating that grating indentation direction is identical with the direction of slit, plexi-glass tubular B2 can rotate around socket place, for regulate slit and grating angle, enable two bundle laser simultaneously parallel through slit and grating, as shown in Figure 5, in Fig. 5, dotted line is slit and grating indentation direction.At plexi-glass tubular A1 and the two-tube socket place of plexi-glass tubular B2, along slit direction through the corresponding perforate of two-layer tube wall, both can install instruments in hole support 14, two unlikely disengagings of plexi-glass tubular can be fixed again, hole on plexi-glass tubular B2 is along the circumferential direction slightly long, make two pipes can around axle small angle rotation to regulate slit and lenticular lenses direction, as shown in Figure 7.This demonstrator also comprises the surveyors' staff 16 made of magnetic rubber thin slice, and the beam projection of green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 is on described surveyors' staff 16, and surveyors' staff 16 indicates obvious scale and can be attached in blackboard or other suitable places.
The light path that described green (light) laser 4, red laser 5 are formed is two bundles at a distance of nearer directional light, and power pack 3 is to the electric battery matched of two laser provided energy.
The upper end of described adjustable slit device 6 is the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of the graduated seam of band, stitches widely can essence to regulate continuously between 0 ~ 2mm, and reads width value on adjusting screw(rod) 9.Connect slit dog screw and spring 8 below adjustable slit device 6, slit location can move within the scope of 0 ~ 3mm.
Can demonstrate after putting into lenticular lenses 15 in described grating position groove 7 and measure optical grating diffraction, the optical element that the plates of seam more than can also putting into etc. are dissimilar, for demonstrating other optics rules.
Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument ultimate principle of the present invention is: realized about Diffraction of light wave principle according in College Physics teaching material.The laser visual sent due to the green light laser 4 of this instrument, red laser 5 is directional light, can think that the distance of light source and diffractive optical element is infinite distance, and screen can think infinite distance relative to diffractive optical element distance in relative scale, therefore the diffraction of this instrument belongs to Fraunhofer diffraction.
When light be radiated at singly sew on time, on screen, the central bright fringe line width of diffraction pattern is:
Δx = 2 D a λ - - - ( 1 )
Other each streak line width are:
In formula, D is the distance of screen to grating, and a is the width of single seam, and λ is optical wavelength.
In handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument of the present invention, laser is ruddiness and green glow respectively, both wavelength are different, determine according to the concrete laser instrument of selection, general green wavelength is 532nm, red light wavelength is 650nm, is radiated at samely singly to sew on simultaneously, the relation of the diffraction pattern central bright fringe line width △ x of two-beam on screen: the central bright fringe line width of green glow is less than ruddiness.Be consistent with the theory of central bright fringe line width, in instrument, D and a is constant, and wavelength is less, and bright streakline width is less, and green wavelength is less than ruddiness.For this diffraction law, can the direct observe phenomena of the utility model be passed through, thus deepen student to the understanding of this rule and memory.
When monochromatic light vertical irradiation is on grating, according to grating formula
dsinθ=kλ
In paraxial situation, can be approximately:
d x ′ D = kλ
On screen, neighboring diffraction principal maximum spacing △ x ' approximately equal, is expressed as
Δ x ′ = D d λ - - - ( 2 )
In formula, D is the distance of screen to grating, and d is grating constant, and λ is optical wavelength.Similar with single slit diffraction, the principal maximum gap ratio ruddiness of green glow little, consistent with the conclusion of theory.
Therefore, experimental phenomena intuitively can be showed student by handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument of the present utility model in teaching, causes the learning interest of student, transfers its enthusiasm.
Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument basic operational steps of the present invention:
1, optical path adjusting: connect master switch 10, green switch 11, red switch 12, regulate set screw 13, make red, green two bundle laser beams all with plexi-glass tubular A1 axis being parallel, regulating the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam to open slit, regulating slit direction and adjusting position adjusting screw 8 to make two-beam pass through slit completely by rotating plexi-glass tubular B2.Now do not let alone what element in the groove of grating position.
2, the qualitative demonstration of the single beam of single slit diffraction: turn off beam of laser, retains another bundle, light beam is invested the wall that indoor light is darker, be sure not light beam people's direct projection.Regulate slit width with the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam, observe and verify stripe order recognition rule, namely when wavelength one timing, width of fringe is inversely proportional to seam is wide.
3, the qualitative contrast of the twin-beam of single slit diffraction: simultaneously connect three switches, two laser instruments are simultaneously luminous, regulate slit width with the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam, observe and verify the Changing Pattern of two kinds of color stripeds, namely when the wide timing of seam, width of fringe is directly proportional to wavelength.
4, the quantitative measurment of single slit diffraction: surveyors' staff 16 is affixed on blackboard, for ensureing that visual effect can be turned off indoor illumination and draw the curtain together, distance demonstrator beyond five meters projects diffraction fringe on surveyors' staff, monochromatic light, two light can be selected, striped central bright fringe width is measured from scale, measure the air line distance of demonstrator to scale, the wide numerical value of seam is read from the wide adjusting screw(rod) 9 of seam, obtain optical maser wavelength from laser instrument instructions, substitute in formula (1) and carry out contrast verification.
5, the qualitative demonstration of optical grating diffraction and quantitative measurment: put into lenticular lenses in grating position groove 7, slit is reached maximum, two bundle laser are allowed to shine on grating by single seam unimpededly, can grating diffraction experiment be carried out by the mode of above-mentioned steps 2,3,4, substitute into formula (2) and carry out quantitative verification.Change the grating of different grating constant, can contrast experiment be carried out.
6, the demonstration of other optics rules: on the basis of above-mentioned steps 5, grating is changed into other optical element, (comprise list seam, the monofilament of different in width as stitched plate more, the double slit of different spacing, many seams etc.), difform aperture, double-deck polaroid etc., other diffraction or non-diffraction phenomenon can be demonstrated.

Claims (2)

1. a handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument, it is characterized in that: this demonstrator comprises plexi-glass tubular A (1), the plexi-glass tubular B (2) of mutual rotatable socket, also comprise power pack (3), green (light) laser (4), red laser (5), adjustable slit device (6), grating position groove (7), surveyors' staff (16) and master switch (10), green switch (11), red switch (12);
By described power pack (3) built with the dry cell batteries matched with green (light) laser (4), red laser (5) voltage, and be connected with master switch (10) by output lead; Master switch (10) connects green (light) laser (4) respectively by green switch (11), connects red laser (5) by red switch (12), power pack (3), green (light) laser (4), red laser (5) are fixed in plexi-glass tubular A (1) by screw (13), and master switch (10), red switch (11), green switch (12) are fixed on the tube wall of plexi-glass tubular A (1); Plexi-glass tubular B (2) tube wall is opened two rectangular openings, in first rectangular opening, adjustable slit device (6) is installed, second rectangular opening is grating position groove (7), the upper end of described adjustable slit device (6) is provided with the band wide adjusting screw(rod) of graduated seam (9), lower end is connected with slit set screw and spring (8), the wide continuously adjustabe of seam of described adjustable slit device (6), and can read on the scale of the wide adjusting screw(rod) of seam (9); Two pairs of holes are had at plexi-glass tubular A (1) and plexi-glass tubular B (2) socket place, described two pairs of holes are for being symmetrical arranged, the axis in two pairs of holes is parallel with the slit direction of adjustable slit device (6), inserts the two ends of instrument support (14) in described two pairs of holes; The side of organic coloured glaze pipe B (2) is provided with surveyors' staff (16), and the light beam of green (light) laser (4), red laser (5) projects on described surveyors' staff (16) after diffraction simultaneously.
2. handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described surveyors' staff (16) makes for magnetic material.
CN201310343347.1A 2013-08-07 2013-08-07 Handheld dynamic light wave diffraction demonstration instrument Active CN103440804B (en)

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