CN112986840A - On-line monitoring system and method for fuel cell working state in fuel cell hybrid power system - Google Patents
On-line monitoring system and method for fuel cell working state in fuel cell hybrid power system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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Abstract
The invention provides an on-line monitoring method for the working state of a fuel cell in the operation of a fuel cell hybrid power system. Specifically, during the operation of the fuel cell hybrid power system, the discharge current of the fuel cell is changed, the internal resistance of the fuel cell in the state is calculated by detecting the corresponding voltage and current variation, and whether the working state of the fuel cell is normal or not is judged according to the detected internal resistance of the fuel cell, so that the operation condition of the cell can be further optimized, and the performance of the cell can be improved. In order to avoid the influence caused by the current fluctuation of the fuel cell, the auxiliary battery is utilized to supplement the current change of the fuel cell, so that the external output current of the system is kept stable. The testing method is simple and convenient, is easy to use and is very suitable for being applied to a fuel cell hybrid power system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly, to a method for monitoring the operating state of a fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device that can directly convert chemical energy in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy. The fuel cell has the characteristics of high efficiency, green, environmental protection and the like, can be used as a power supply of movable carriers such as automobiles, airplanes, submarines and the like, can also be used for telecommunication base stations and distributed power stations, and has become one of the research hotspots in the field of new energy in recent years.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell, the state of the fuel cell needs to be monitored online in real time, and commonly used monitoring state parameters include temperature, pressure, humidity, current, voltage, internal resistance and the like. The internal resistance is one of the important state parameters in the operation of the fuel cell, and can reflect the internal working state of the cell, such as the dry and wet state of the membrane electrode, and the dry and wet state of the membrane electrode can directly influence the performance and the service life of the cell. Therefore, many companies, scientific research institutions, universities and the like at home and abroad deeply research the measuring method of the internal resistance of the fuel cell, and the current typical measuring method is an alternating current impedance method, a current interruption method, an I-V fitting method and the like.
The alternating current impedance method is characterized in that impedance test equipment is utilized to apply current or voltage interference signals with certain frequency to a fuel cell, a voltage monitoring system is utilized to detect corresponding voltage or current response signals in real time, and impedance information is obtained through calculation. The real part of the impedance obtained in the high frequency state is usually the internal resistance of the fuel cell.
The current interruption method is to make the discharge process of the fuel cell stop suddenly, i.e. stop the discharge, the voltage of the fuel cell will rise suddenly, and the internal resistance of the cell can be obtained by measuring the sudden variation of the voltage of the cell and further calculating.
The I-V fitting method is to perform an I-V polarization test on a fuel cell, and then to perform fitting according to a formula (as formula (1)) using the obtained test results:
E＝E0-blgi-Ri-m exp (ni) formula (1)
Where E is the cell voltage, i is the current density,E0b, R, m and n are constants and can be obtained by I-V planning curve fitting. The battery internal resistance R can be obtained through the formula (1).
Although the above-mentioned testing methods can obtain the internal resistance information of the fuel cell, they all have certain limitations. The alternating-current impedance method needs a special alternating-current impedance instrument to apply high-frequency signals, and the high-frequency signals cause output voltage fluctuation and reduce the quality of electric energy; the current interruption rule is to directly terminate the electric energy output of the fuel cell, and can cause the state of the fuel cell to change suddenly, influence the balance of water, heat and gas in the cell, and possibly cause the damage of the fuel cell; the I-V fitting rule can obtain the internal resistance only after completing the I-V polarization test, and the test time is long, which can affect the normal power supply of the external load.
Disclosure of Invention
In light of the above-mentioned technical problems, an online monitoring method for the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system is provided. The invention mainly utilizes an on-line monitoring system of the working state of the fuel cell in the fuel cell hybrid power system, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the internal resistance monitoring module, the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are matched to perform online test on the internal resistance of the fuel cell in operation, and the working state of the cell is judged; the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are connected in parallel, and output electric energy to an external load together; the internal resistance monitoring module regulates and controls and monitors the working states of the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module in real time;
when the internal resistance of the fuel cell needs to be measured, the internal resistance monitoring module regulates and controls the fuel cell module to reduce or increase the output current of the fuel cell and simultaneously increase or reduce the output current of the energy storage cell module so as to ensure that the externally output electric energy meets the external load requirement;
the internal resistance monitoring module measures and records the voltage of the fuel cell, namely the total voltage of the electric pile or the voltage of the single cell in real time while changing the output current of the fuel cell, and obtains the internal resistance of the fuel cell, namely the total internal resistance of the electric pile or the internal resistance of the single cell.
Further, the fuel cell module includes: a fuel cell and a power conditioning unit; the power conditioning unit in the fuel cell module includes: a DC/DC converter. Further, the energy storage battery module includes: an energy storage battery and an auxiliary component; the energy storage battery comprises a secondary battery and a capacitor.
Still further, the energy storage battery module comprises: a power conditioning unit that is a DC/DC converter.
Further, the fuel cell output current varies by no more than 10% of the rated operating current.
Further, the present invention also includes a method for on-line monitoring the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: the internal resistance monitoring module receives an internal resistance measuring instruction and measures the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in the state A;
step S2: the internal resistance monitoring module simultaneously sends a current adjusting instruction to the fuel cell DC/DC converter and the lithium battery DC/DC converter, and sets test time;
step S3: under the regulation and control of a fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is reduced (or increased) by delta I, the test time is maintained, and the internal resistance monitoring module records the voltage change conditions of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in real time; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of the lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is increased (or decreased) delta I, the test time is maintained, and the output current of the fuel battery hybrid power system is kept unchanged;
step S4: after the test is finished, under the regulation and control of the fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is recovered to an initial value; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of the lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is restored to an initial value, and the output current of the fuel battery hybrid power system is kept unchanged;
step S5: the internal resistance monitoring module calculates the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack and each single cell under the state A according to a formula (2) according to the voltage variation and the current variation of the fuel cell stack/each single cell;
step S6: and when the fuel cell is in the working state B, the internal resistance monitoring module sends out the internal resistance measurement instruction again, and executes the steps S2-S5 to finish the internal resistance measurement of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in the state B.
Further, when the internal resistance measurement of the fuel cell is performed, the internal resistance measurement is performed when the output current of the fuel cell is in the ohmic polarization zone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the testing method is simple and convenient, the testing data amount is small, and the internal resistance of the fuel cell can be obtained only by testing the voltage and current variation of the cell when the fuel cell is applied on site. According to the internal resistance of the fuel cell, whether the working state of the fuel cell is normal can be judged, and data support can be provided for further optimizing the operation condition of the cell, improving the water heat management of the cell and the like. The research object is a fuel electric pile or a single pool, and the practical application is easy to realize.
(2) In the process of testing the internal resistance of the fuel cell, the energy storage cell is utilized to compensate the change of the current of the fuel cell, so that the external output current of the system is kept unchanged, and therefore, the method is very suitable for a fuel cell hybrid power system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell hybrid system with an internal resistance monitoring module according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of measuring the internal resistance of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides an on-line monitoring system for the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system, which is characterized by comprising: the internal resistance monitoring module, the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are matched to perform online test on the internal resistance of the fuel cell in operation, and the working state of the cell is judged; the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are connected in parallel, and output electric energy to an external load together; and the internal resistance monitoring module regulates, controls and monitors the working states of the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module in real time. When the internal resistance of the fuel cell needs to be measured, the internal resistance monitoring module regulates and controls the fuel cell module to reduce or increase the output current of the fuel cell and simultaneously increase or reduce the output current of the energy storage cell module so as to ensure that the externally output electric energy meets the external load requirement;
the internal resistance monitoring module measures and records the voltage of the fuel cell, namely the total voltage of the electric pile or the voltage of the single cell in real time while changing the output current of the fuel cell, and obtains the internal resistance of the fuel cell, namely the total internal resistance of the electric pile or the internal resistance of the single cell.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell module includes: a fuel cell and a power conditioning unit; the power conditioning unit in the fuel cell module includes: a DC/DC converter. It is understood that in other embodiments, the power conditioning unit may also be a device having a current regulation function.
As a preferred embodiment, in the present application, the preferred energy storage battery module comprises: an energy storage battery and an auxiliary component; the energy storage battery comprises a secondary battery and a capacitor. The energy storage battery module comprises: a power conditioning unit that is a DC/DC converter. It is understood that in other embodiments, the power conditioning unit may also be other devices having a current regulation function.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell output current varies by no more than 10% of the rated operating current.
And when the internal resistance of the fuel cell is measured, measuring the internal resistance when the output current of the fuel cell is in an ohm polarization interval.
The fuel cell system mainly comprises a fuel cell module, an energy storage cell module and an internal resistance monitoring module. The fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are connected in parallel, and output electric energy to an external load together. The internal resistance monitoring module can regulate and control and monitor the working states of the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module in real time.
When the internal resistance of the fuel cell needs to be measured, the internal resistance monitoring module changes and reduces or increases the output current of the fuel cell by regulating and controlling the fuel cell module, and changes and increases or reduces the output current of the energy storage cell module at the same time, so that the external output electric energy can meet the external load requirement.
The internal resistance monitoring module measures and records the change condition of the voltage (total voltage of the electric pile or the voltage of each single cell) of the fuel cell in real time while changing the output current of the fuel cell, and calculates the internal resistance (total internal resistance of the electric pile or the internal resistance of each single cell) of the fuel cell through an internal calculation program, for example, the internal resistance can be calculated by using the following formula (2).
R ═ Δ V/Δ I formula (2)
In the above formula, R is the internal resistance to be measured, Δ I is the variation of the current (stack or cell) of the test object, and Δ V is the variation of the voltage of the test object.
It should be noted that Δ V may be an average voltage variation or an instantaneous voltage variation in a certain time period, and may be determined according to experimental requirements, voltage measurement accuracy, and the capacity of the energy storage battery.
The fuel cell module includes a fuel cell, a power conditioning unit, and other auxiliary components and the like. The power conditioning unit in the fuel cell module includes a DC/DC converter or other device having a current regulation function.
The energy storage battery module includes an energy storage battery including a secondary battery, a capacitor, and the like, and other auxiliary components and the like. The energy storage battery module can also comprise a power regulating unit which is a DC/DC converter or other devices with current regulation function.
The amplitude of the change of the output current of the fuel cell is not more than 10% of the rated working current, so that the severe interference of the current drastic change in the internal resistance measurement process on the state of the fuel cell is avoided.
There are three polarization losses due to the fuel discharge process: and activating polarization, ohmic polarization and mass transfer polarization, and preferably measuring the internal resistance of the fuel cell when the output current of the fuel cell is in an ohmic polarization interval.
Example (b):
the experimental object is a 1 kW-grade fuel cell hybrid power system and mainly comprises a fuel cell module, an energy storage cell module and an internal resistance monitoring module. The fuel cell in the fuel cell module is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell short stack, the number of the cell sections is 7, and the effective area of a single-cell MEA is 270cm2The rated working current 130A and the power regulation and control module are DC/DC converters. The energy storage battery in the energy storage battery module is a lithium battery, and the electric power regulation and control module is also a DC/DC converter.
When the fuel cell is in normal operation and is supplying power to an external motor, the fuel operating current 130A (located in the ohmic polarization region) and the lithium battery operating current are 0 (i.e. in a standby state), and the internal resistance of the fuel cell in operation needs to be known so as to optimize the operating condition of the fuel cell and enable the fuel cell to exert the optimal performance.
The internal resistance of the fuel cell is obtained by adopting the following steps:
1) and the internal resistance monitoring module receives the internal resistance measurement instruction and needs to measure the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack and each single cell under the state A.
2) The internal resistance monitoring module simultaneously sends a current adjusting instruction to the fuel cell DC/DC converter and the lithium cell DC/DC converter, and the testing time is 10 s.
3) Under the regulation and control of a fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is reduced to 120A and maintained for 10s, and an internal resistance monitoring module records the voltage change conditions of a fuel cell stack and each single cell in real time; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of a lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is increased to 10A and maintained for 10 s; the fuel cell hybrid system output current remains 130A unchanged.
4) After 10s, under the regulation of a fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is recovered to 130A; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of a lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is restored to 0A; the fuel cell hybrid system output current remains 130A unchanged.
5) The internal resistance monitoring module can calculate the internal resistances of the fuel cell stack and each single cell under the state A according to the formula (2) according to the voltage variation and the current variation of the fuel cell stack/each single cell, and the result is shown in the attached table 1.
6) When the fuel cell is in the working state B, the internal resistance monitoring module sends out an internal resistance measurement instruction again, and executes the steps 2) -5), so that the fuel cell stack and each single cell internal resistance measurement task in the state B are completed, and the result is shown in the attached table 1.
Attached table 1 shows the voltage and internal resistance data of the fuel cell stack and each cell in two states. As can be seen from the data in table 1, compared with the state a, the internal resistances of the stack and each cell in the state B are significantly increased, which indicates that the humidification of the cell may be insufficient, the proton exchange membrane is in a water-deficient state, which results in an increased internal resistance, and the operating conditions need to be optimized to reduce the internal resistance, thereby improving the output performance of the fuel cell.
Attached table 1 fuel cell stack and test results of internal resistance of each cell
It should be noted that, after the internal resistance test is finished, the electric energy in the energy storage battery is partially consumed, and the fuel cell system can timely charge the energy storage battery according to the established energy management strategy, so as to facilitate the next internal resistance measurement. This is not part of the present invention and will not be described further.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units for illustration may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiment of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An on-line monitoring system for the operating condition of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid power system, comprising: the internal resistance monitoring module, the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are matched to perform online test on the internal resistance of the fuel cell in operation, and the working state of the cell is judged; the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module are connected in parallel, and output electric energy to an external load together; the internal resistance monitoring module regulates and controls and monitors the working states of the fuel cell module and the energy storage cell module in real time;
when the internal resistance of the fuel cell needs to be measured, the internal resistance monitoring module regulates and controls the fuel cell module to reduce or increase the output current of the fuel cell and simultaneously increase or reduce the output current of the energy storage cell module so as to ensure that the externally output electric energy meets the external load requirement;
the internal resistance monitoring module measures and records the voltage of the fuel cell, namely the total voltage of the electric pile or the voltage of the single cell in real time while changing the output current of the fuel cell, and obtains the internal resistance of the fuel cell, namely the total internal resistance of the electric pile or the internal resistance of the single cell.
2. The system for on-line monitoring of the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein:
the fuel cell module includes: a fuel cell and a power conditioning unit; the power conditioning unit in the fuel cell module includes: a DC/DC converter.
3. The system for on-line monitoring of the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein: the energy storage battery module includes: an energy storage battery and an auxiliary component; the energy storage battery comprises a secondary battery and a capacitor.
4. The system for on-line monitoring of the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the energy storage battery module comprises: a power conditioning unit that is a DC/DC converter.
5. The system for on-line monitoring of the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the fuel cell output current varies by no more than 10% of the rated operating current.
6. An on-line monitoring method for the fuel cell working state in a fuel cell hybrid power system applying the on-line monitoring system of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
s1: the internal resistance monitoring module receives an internal resistance measuring instruction and measures the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in the state A;
s2: the internal resistance monitoring module simultaneously sends a current adjusting instruction to the fuel cell DC/DC converter and the lithium battery DC/DC converter, and sets test time;
s3: under the regulation and control of a fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is reduced or increased by delta I, the test time is maintained, and the internal resistance monitoring module records the voltage change conditions of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in real time; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of the lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is increased or reduced by delta I, the test time is maintained, and the output current of the fuel battery hybrid power system is kept unchanged;
s4: after the test is finished, under the regulation and control of the fuel cell DC/DC converter, the output current of the fuel cell is recovered to an initial value; meanwhile, under the regulation and control of the lithium battery DC/DC converter, the output current of the lithium battery is restored to an initial value, and the output current of the fuel battery hybrid power system is kept unchanged;
s5: the internal resistance monitoring module calculates the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack and each single cell under the state A according to a formula (2) according to the voltage variation and the current variation of the fuel cell stack/each single cell;
r ═ Δ V/Δ I formula (2);
s6: and when the fuel cell is in the working state B, the internal resistance monitoring module sends out the internal resistance measurement instruction again, and executes the steps S2-S5 to finish the internal resistance measurement of the fuel cell stack and each single cell in the state B.
7. The method for on-line monitoring of the operating state of a fuel cell in a fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 6, wherein: and when the internal resistance of the fuel cell is measured, measuring the internal resistance when the output current of the fuel cell is in an ohm polarization interval.
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Application publication date: 20210618 |